Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• minimal changes with the same thermal treatments in vacuum [49]. The study allowed the authors to conclude that in 2 ML films vertical confinement and/or charge transfer from the platinum substrate, determine a higher reducibility than in 10 ML films [49]. This is evidenced by the greater Ce3

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• because they exhibit remarkable properties due to the interplay between their compositional complexity and nanoscale effects, such as a high surface-to-volume ratio and quantum confinement. These unique characteristics make CCA nanoparticles (NPs) highly suitable for catalysis [26][27], energy storage [28

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• such properties [31]. For instance, it has been demonstrated that the wavelength-shifting characteristics of Si nanoparticles were caused by the effects of quantum-size confinement. The bandgap of silicon increased from its typical 1.1 eV in elemental form to nearly 3 eV in nanoparticle form, enhancing

• surrounding liquid results in a cavitation bubble which is a thin layer of vapor of the surrounding liquid, as well as some material evaporating from the target. Some of the crucial elements influencing the formation of the cavitation bubble are the liquid environment, a stronger confinement of the plasma

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• inorganic IrO2 [14] based on shock wave formation caused by stress confinement. The conditions for stress confinement are fulfilled if the pulse duration is shorter than the acoustic relaxation time and thus a maximum pressure increase occurs in the particle. For curcumin and CBD, this is the case with a

• , and (II) differences in the MP dissociation pathways, which may hinder the formation of the desired SMPs and NPs when educt particles are too large. For both MP material systems we confirmed, based on the calculation of the acoustic relaxation time, that the stress confinement condition for the use of

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• understanding of material properties, particularly at the nanoscale, where phenomena such as quantum confinement, interface effects, and defect dynamics play a critical role. Innovations in characterization techniques have enabled researchers to explore these properties with unprecedented precision, paving the

• importance of dielectric properties becomes even more pronounced. Many advanced materials exhibit nanoscale structural heterogeneity, where quantum confinement, phase composition, and interfacial effects cause significant deviations in dielectric behavior compared to bulk materials [12][13]. These nanoscale

Water in nanoporous hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: a first-principles study

• Juliana A. Gonçalves,
• Ronaldo J. C. Batista and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 510–519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.39

• the case of h-BN macromolecules, as studied by Liu and colleagues, similar confinement effects do not exist, allowing B–OH terminations to enhance stability relative to B–H terminations. This is similar to the situation with larger pores, such as rhombic pores, where confinement effects are minimal or

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• to quantum confinement size effects, metal chalcogenides are of importance in different technological domains. Metal chalcogen compounds are composed of a transition metal with one or more members of the chalcogen family, and they exhibit semiconducting properties. Zinc telluride (ZnTe) is a binary

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• reduce the rigidified polymer formation. The overall rigidity of the polymer also has a large impact on the MOF–polymer interface. Rubbery polymers tend to reduce the propensity for interface defects, as the polymer chain mobility enables better confinement to the MOF surface [114][116]. However, as

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• tackle these challenges is to utilize zeolites, which are frequently employed as inert support materials [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Zeolites are well suited for the hosting and confinement of molecular clusters with dimensions below 10 Å. This approach has the potential to stabilize these clusters and

• demonstrates that the spin density difference is practically associated with the cluster. The studies also revealed that the total magnetic moment of the cluster alone has a magnitude of 10 μB; when it is part of the composite, it reaches a value of 12 μB. These results show that the confinement effect of the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• size and morphology [1]. Recently, interest has risen regarding synthesis and study of Hf-based NPs. Depending on the morphology, chemical composition, and quantum confinement effects, NPs can exhibit novel properties, making them applicable for large-spectrum usage [12][13]. Thus, synthesizing the

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• light–matter interactions and enabling precise control over quantum states [4]. Attaining optimal light confinement represents a crucial goal in photonics, given that the inherent constraints on light confinement in conventional optical media or devices hinder the miniaturization and integration of

• photonic devices. Moreover, the enhancement of typically feeble light–matter interaction is enabled by robust light confinement. These characteristics can be exploited to mitigate the intrinsic limitations of photonics technologies compared to electronic and optoelectronic technologies [5]. Distributed

• to its high refractive index, second/third-order nonlinearities, electro-optic effect, and mature platform), its optical losses and birefringence pose limitations [25]. Combining LiNbO3 with TiO2 in a multi-stack can offer advantages such as tighter confinement, tailored dispersion, and complementary

Various CVD-grown ZnO nanostructures for nanodevices and interdisciplinary applications

• The-Long Phan,
• Le Viet Cuong,
• Vu Dinh Lam and
• Ngoc Toan Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1390–1399, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.112

• nanostructures; Introduction In recent decades, nanomaterials whose diameters are in the range of 1–100 nm have been of intensive interest because they exhibit dimension-dependent intriguing behaviours that are different from their bulk counterparts. These special behaviours come from quantum confinement and

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• exotic nature of the charge carriers and to local confinement as well as atomic-scale structural details. The local work function provides evidence for such structural, electronic, and chemical variations at surfaces. Kelvin prove force microscopy can be used to measure the local contact potential

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• a smartphone application to detect DMMP. They detected DMMP at a concentration of 1g/L (≈8 mM) using a Raman excitation of 532 nm. Wang and co-workers [73] developed a novel method using thin water film confinement to enhance Raman detection of weakly interacting nerve agent simulants, such as DMMP

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• quantum confinement as reported by Bolker and co-workers [77]. Authors reported that the bandgap of NDs is strongly correlated to the NDs’ size, and it increases with decreasing crystallite size. However, the ND properties can be altered by heteroatomic doping and through the introduction of surface

Green synthesis of biomass-derived carbon quantum dots for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

• Dalia Chávez-García,
• Mario Guzman,
• Viridiana Sanchez and
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 755–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.63

• CDs with upconversion luminescence. The theoretical framework proposed for upconversion photoluminescence centers on the concept of quantum confinement effect (QCE). In this scenario, electrons migrate from the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) to the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO

• peel (right) as carbon sources. PL spectra, the samples were excited at 350 nm. The graphics corresponds to a) grape pomace peel and b) watermelon peel. Upconversion process of the quantum confinement effect. Upconversion PL of the samples, the graphics corresponds to grape pomace peel (M1 to M4) and

Directed growth of quinacridone chains on the vicinal Ag(35 1 1) surface

• Niklas Humberg,
• Lukas Grönwoldt and
• Moritz Sokolowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 556–568, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.48

• . They allow for electron transport along the long axes of the 1D aggregates, while a confinement effect is present along their short axes. Hence, they are considered as building blocks for new generations of devices for computing, photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and energy storage [5][6][7]. Furthermore

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• symmetries in the ZnS wurtzite phase in non-polarized measurements, (iii) some contribution from the surface optical SO modes, which are inherent to porous and nanostructured materials [37][38], (iv) interaction of LO phonon modes with plasmons (LOPC), and (v) effects of strain and phonon confinement [37

Nanomedicines against Chagas disease: a critical review

• Maria Jose Morilla,
• Kajal Ghosal and
• Eder Lilia Romero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 333–349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.30

• indicative of the drug’s bioavailability. Because of their huge size, nanomedicines in the blood cannot escape from vascular confinement and are not readily able to extravasate across the endothelium. Moreover, neither their extravasation in areas of high vascular permeability, nor their accumulation in the

Investigating structural and electronic properties of neutral zinc clusters: a G₀W₀ and G₀W₀Г₀⁽¹⁾ benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal,
• Mujtaba Ikram and
• Kareem Morsy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 310–316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.28

• metal energy gap. Apart from this situation, for small-size clusters or nanoparticles, it is possible to observe quantum confinement effects resulting in an indeterminate bandgap, such as in the case of semiconductor clusters. As the size of the cluster decreases, the electronic energy levels become

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• ], resulting in the retraction of the growth cone (Figure 4J(ii)) and the increased confinement of the neurites on the ridge areas. Although the ridges were slightly higher on the pillar–groove substrate (when measured from the pillar base), this was probably not the main determining factor since no improved

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• confinement in the vertical direction and their smooth surfaces with atomic thickness control, very precise control over the optical gap and exciton energy of NSs can be achieved through chemical synthesis, making them very interesting

Observation of multiple bulk bound states in the continuum modes in a photonic crystal cavity

• Rui Chen,
• Yi Zheng,
• Xingyu Huang,
• Qiaoling Lin,
• Chaochao Ye,
• Meng Xiong,
• Martijn Wubs,
• Yungui Ma,
• Minhao Pu and
• Sanshui Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 544–551, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.45

• confinement in a relatively simple way. Such strong resonances endow PhC-based BIC devices with a strong enhancement of light–matter interaction, indicating great potential for applications in ultrasensitive molecular fingerprint detection [12][13][35], hyperspectral biosensing imaging [36], novel flat light

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• the usage of yolk–shell structures as a partial replacement of silica nanoparticles during silica gel synthesis leads to a more homogenous distribution of cells and a tighter spatial confinement of the cells within the material. Furthermore, the reduced contact between cells and the inorganic matrix

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• films, they are propagating oscillations termed surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs)). A plasmon in LSPR can be visualized as a quasiparticle confined to the volume of the nanoparticle [27]. The resulting confinement of the absorbed incident electromagnetic radiation within the nanoparticle thus means an

• the phonon modes leads to an increase in temperature of the metal nanoparticles, and the ultimate conduction of this heat to the surrounding. The exchange time will vary for small nanoparticles due to quantum confinement effects [65] observed when the size of the nanoparticle is comparable to the Bohr