Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• in significant changes in the film’s characteristics [19][20]. Roy et al. conducted a study on polycrystalline Fe3O4 films on Si and SiO2/Si substrates. Their findings revealed that the value of the Gilbert damping parameter is significantly higher in Fe3O4/Si films compared to Fe3O4/SiO2/Si films

Local work function on graphene nanoribbons

• Daniel Rothhardt,
• Amina Kimouche,
• Tillmann Klamroth and
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1125–1131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.91

• -augmented plane-wave basis (PAW) [31][32]. Dispersion forces are included through Grimmes D3 method [33] with Becke–Jonson damping [34] (IVDW = 12). Further, we include non-spherical contributions from the gradient corrections inside the PAW spheres (LASPH = .TRUE.). For all slab calculations, the lowest

Beyond biomimicry – next generation applications of bioinspired adhesives from microfluidics to composites

• Dan Sameoto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 965–976, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.79

• state for long durations and only need to be reformed occasionally. Energy damping: Depending on the structural layers for the biomimetic adhesives, there could be significant internal energy damping for energy absorption, that is, highly viscoelastic fibers and energy dissipation as heat during

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• investigation using fluorescence microscopy. Resilin-containing structures within the claws could potentially work as damping mechanisms to reduce wear and risk of damage [69]. Claws are presumed to be more resistant to wear than the soft and pliable adhesive pads [68][71]. Most claw breakages were observed at

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• . More details about the derivation process can be found in [19]. The final result for the transfer function G of the infinite product expansion is obtained as: where s is the (complex) Laplace variable, and m is the mass per unit length. EI and c are the flexural stiffness and the damping coefficient

• the coupling ability of the coupled system. In addition, it is inevitable that environmental damping has an effect on the results. Experimental exploration of optimal conditions Through preliminary sweeping experiments, we obtained the frequencies of the left-side length l at 1.50, 2.00, 2.50, 2.75

Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• opposite direction (negative magnetic fields) It makes Heff on layer 2 negative even when µ0H is slightly positive; it becomes more negative during the downward sweep of µ0H. The damping term in the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Slonczewski equation increases as Heff becomes larger. Therefore, as long as

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• interferometric and beam-deflection detectors of motion are sufficient to resolve the thermal noise force determined by the damping of the cantilever eigenmode in thermal equilibrium with its environment. Operation in high vacuum and at cryogenic temperatures reduces this force noise, improving sensitivity to the

• temperature of the mechanical mode, and the damping coefficient is expressed as the product of the effective mass meff and the linewidth γm of the mechanical resonance. Decreasing temperature and damping improves force sensitivity. It is important to understand the sources of damping for cryogenic AFM, where

• cantilevers oscillate in vacuum. Force sensitivity will improve with smaller meff only if mechanisms of damping, such as clamping loss and surface effects, do not increase disproportionately. The detection scheme imprints the mechanical motion into the field of the microwave resonator, leading to motional

Ferromagnetic resonance spectra of linear magnetosome chains

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova and
• Nikolai A. Usov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 157–167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.15

• chain, the distance between the centers of neighboring particles, the mutual orientation of the cubic axes of particle anisotropy, and the value of the magnetic damping constant is studied. It is shown that FMR spectra of non-oriented chain assemblies depend on the average particle diameter at a fixed

• thickness of the lipid magnetosome membrane, as well as on the value of the magnetic damping constant. At the same time, they are practically independent of the number Np of particles in the chain under the condition Np ≥ 10. The FMR spectra of non-oriented assemblies of magnetosome chains are compared with

• of the i-th single-domain nanoparticle of the chain is governed by the stochastic Landau–Lifshitz equation [29][30][31][32], where γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, γ1 = γ/(1 + κ2), κ is the magnetic damping constant, is the effective magnetic field, and is the thermal field. The effective magnetic

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• delivers the equation for a rotor in the limit m = 0. We have added a phenomenological damping term to the EOM (which does not follow from the conservative Lagrangian formalism). The damping term is zero in all numerical results of this work unless stated explicitly. When V = γ = 0, the equation expresses

• EOM dimensionless, where now the dots indicate differentiation with respect to and we defined , which is a quantity of the order of unity, and is a dimensionless damping rate. Notice the appearance of the small parameter , which, however, is here often multiplied by the large velocity . EOM for the

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• practically independently of one another. Thus, particles do not interact directly with each other in our model. However, each particle interacts with the setae via the liquid. Due to strong damping, each particle tends to equilibrate its speed with the local velocity of the liquid. This velocity, in turn, is

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• contributions to the plasmon damping of different scattering phenomena, the different scattering processes of the oscillating plasmons, and the screening between the plasmons and the restoring nuclear forces [33][34]. The proximity among LSPR-active nanoparticles is also a major factor. Indeed, combined effects

• Equation 3 to the general constitutive relation for a linear isotropic material given by Equation 4, we get the relation in Equation 5. εr is the relative permittivity of the material and ε0 the permittivity of free space. For frequencies close to ωp, the temporal duration of damping (quantified by the

• product of ωτ, where τ is the relaxation time of the free electron gas) is much higher than unity, thus leading to an approximation that there is no damping. Hence ignoring the damping term in Equation 5, we get It follows also that under plasmon resonance conditions ε1 < −εm, εm is the dielectric

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• sine-Gordon equation, It follows from Equation 1 and Equation 2, taking into account the ac-Josephson relation, V = (Φ0/2π)∂η/∂t. Equation 3 is written in a dimensionless form with space, = x/λJ, normalized by λJ,and time, = ωpt, by the Josephson plasma frequency, ωp. Here α is the QP damping factor

• saturation of the amplitude for α→0, although at a value of 4 instead of π. Thus, Equation 30 provides a simple and sufficiently good approximation for a significantly broader range of damping parameters than Equation 25. Input resistance For the practically most important velocity matching mode, kn = k

• radiative losses, Using definitions of α and Q, we can introduce a total damping factor where the total resistance is Thus, to include radiative losses, α and RQP in the equations above should be replaced by αtot and Rtot. For the n-th cavity mode resonance we obtain, For the most important velocity

Nonlinear features of the superconductor–ferromagnet–superconductor φ₀ Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region

• Aliasghar Janalizadeh,
• Ilhom R. Rahmonov,
• Sara A. Abdelmoneim,
• Yury M. Shukrinov and
• Mohammad R. Kolahchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1155–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.97

• characteristics of a φ0 Josephson junction in the ferromagnetic resonance region. We show that at small values of the system parameters damping, spin–orbit interaction, and Josephson-to-magnetic energy ratio, the magnetic dynamics is reduced to the dynamics of a scalar Duffing oscillator driven by the Josephson

• oscillations. The role of the increasing superconducting current in the resonance region is clarified. Shifting of the ferromagnetic resonant frequency and the reversal of its damping dependence due to nonlinearity are demonstrated by the full Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert–Josephson system of equations and in its

• oscillator describes several effects in other models, too [17]. One example are the resonance effects in the antiferromagnetic bimeron in response to an alternating current, which has applications in the detection of weak signals [15][18][19]. The Gilbert damping term is added phenomenologically to the

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• suspension springs that reach through cylindrical tubes running through the LHe tank and are mounted on top of the tank. Together with the Eddy current damping system mounted at the bottom of the cryostat, this provides excellent vibration isolation such that a tip–sample gap stability better than 1 pm can

Influence of water contamination on the sputtering of silicon with low-energy argon ions investigated by molecular dynamics simulations

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 986–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.86

• below the sample in the z-direction. The different axes are defined in Figure 2. The simulations for sample preparation were run in an NVT ensemble using the Langevin thermostat with a damping parameter set to 100 time steps and the temperature set to 300 K [53]. The pristine sample was equilibrated

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• addition, the positioning of the cantilever close to the surface will increase the damping on the cantilever and alter the transfer function accordingly [103]. Under conditions where the tip starts tapping the surface, the linearity of the amplitude signal in response to VAC and/or VCPD may be disrupted

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• inhomogeneities cause spin-flip and pairing wave function damping, thus, reducing the magnitude of the Josephson critical current. Small-scale inhomogeneities are difficult to detect with either conventional neutron-scattering methods [34] or with the stationary magneto-optical Kerr/Faraday effect and

A superconducting adiabatic neuron in a quantum regime

• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Dmitriy A. Rybin,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Anastasiya A. Gorchavkina and
• Arkady M. Satanin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 653–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.57

• activation function is especially noticeable for the case of a superposition of basic states. We have also shown how dissipation suppresses “quantum” oscillations on the activation function, just as damping suppresses plasma oscillations in classical Josephson systems. The obtained results pave the way for a

Quantitative dynamic force microscopy with inclined tip oscillation

• Philipp Rahe,
• Daniel Heile,
• Reinhard Olbrich and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 610–619, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.53

• equations that link the physical interaction parameters force and damping with the measurement observables static deflection qs, oscillation amplitude A, and phase φ as well as the excitation parameters frequency fexc and force Fexc. This theory specifically predicts the distant-dependent frequency shift

• of a viscous damping layer, in-plane dissipation mechanisms have been found to cause systematic changes of the phase shift in amplitude-modulation AFM depending on the cantilever inclination [15]. Furthermore, it has been proposed to use the presence of a lateral component in the tip oscillation path

• whereby the vectorial damping coefficient and the damping coefficient along the oscillation path have been introduced to write the odd force as Force response for the inclined sampling path By reinterpreting the cup and cap averaging functionals as line integrals along the inclined tip sampling path

Approaching microwave photon sensitivity with Al Josephson junctions

• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Ladeynov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 582–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.50

• damping values [48][49]: The used notations are the following: i = Ibias/Ic is the dimensionless bias current with the bias current Ibias and the critical current Ic, is the potential barrier height, γ = IT/Ic is the noise intensity, and IT = 2ekT/ℏ is the fluctuational current which can be calculated as

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• structure of perforated parallel plates supported by four serpentine springs. The elastic coefficient can be significantly reduced by the serpentine meander structure. Also, the capacitance and viscous air damping can be effectively reduced by the perforated structure, thus reducing the pull-in voltage

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• particles of the AFM tip. This leads to a fairly small total tip mass. While this is not entirely physical, such a low mass will help speed up the dynamics and damping of the tip and save computation time without compromising the results [32]. We simulate the system with a time step of 1 fs. Substrate

• ensemble. The temperature of the melt at this point is extremely high. To obtain a realistic semicrystalline substrate structure, we cool down the sample using a Nosé–Hoover thermostat with a linearly decreasing temperature, starting at 5000 K down to 220 K with a cooling rate of 75 K/ns. The damping time

• 300 K and a damping time of 0.1 ps. This thermostat is applied only to the bottom quarter of the PVA molecules, and later to the graphene sheet. To prevent the polymer slab from moving as a result of the external forces during deposition of the graphene, indentation, and sliding, the centers of mass

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

• ]: Here kB is the Boltzmann constant, γ is the gyromagnetic ratio, κ is phenomenological damping constant, δαβ is the Kronecker delta, and δ(t) is the delta function. The calculations of the low-frequency hysteresis loops are carried out at room temperature, T = 300 K. Results and Discussion SAR of dilute

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• smaller than that of the three PCCs. This could be caused by the difference of the internal friction and/or vicious damping [26][27] between the normal and the cancer cells. The relative Young’s modulus distributions of different kinds of cells, according to the nanomechanical mapping (Figure 3a–d) and