Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• liquids was also investigated. Experimental Materials Hf sponge was produced by metallurgical operations involving solvent extraction, briquetting, carbochlorination, Kroll reduction and vacuum distillation. The sponge samples were further refined by consolidation and refining under vacuum (3–6 × 10−5

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• purchased in a local market in Sangolquí, Ecuador. The extraction of essential oils was carried out by steam distillation, using a Clevenger apparatus and an extractor, following the protocol described in [53][54]. The obtained oils were stored in amber glass bottles at 4 °C for later use. Synthesis of

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• etherate (BF3·OEt2) and 2,4-dimethylpyrrole were freshly purified by distillation under reduced pressure. Synthesis and characterization of BDP All chemical reagents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used without further purification. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR spectra were

Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanogels for trypsin inhibition

• Petr Šálek,
• Jana Dvořáková,
• Sviatoslav Hladysh,
• Diana Oleshchuk,
• Ewa Pavlova,
• Jan Kučka and
• Vladimír Proks

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 538–548, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.45

• obtained from Lach-Ner (Czech Republic). The solvents were purified and dried by a standard procedure before use. Aminopropan-2-ol (purified by vacuum distillation) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). 1,6-Diaminohexane, HBr 33 wt % in acetic acid, 30% hydrogen peroxide solution (w/w) in water

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• was placed in a round-bottomed flask, added to 50.0 mL of purified water and subjected to simple distillation. The distillate was collected in a 50.0 mL volumetric flask and made up to volume with purified water. The distillate density was determined, and from the density the alcohol content was

Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation

• Season S. Chen,
• Zhen-Jie Yang,
• Chia-Hao Chang,
• Hoong-Uei Koh,
• Sameerah I. Al-Saeedi,
• Kuo-Lun Tung and
• Kevin C.-W. Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26

• natural gas) with high efficiency is needed. Membrane-based separation offers a great potential for online CO2 sequestration in view of its high energy efficiency, small carbon footprint, and competitive cost compared to traditional separation processes, such as distillation and adsorption [5]. The

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• used in fabricating membranes for microfiltration (MF) and membrane distillation (MD) can be applied only to the materials that are chemically stable and can resist high temperatures. Membranes produced by sintering have a low porosity of 10–20% and stretched membranes have weak mechanical properties

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received. Porous alumina ceramic membranes (ALOX-substrates) were purchased from Kerafol GmbH (Eschenbach, Germany) and laser cut to small discs with a diameter of 13 mm and a thickness of 0.5 mm. For the synthesis, dichloromethane and THF were dried by distillation

• over calcium hydride and sodium/benzophenone, respectively. For recrystallization n-pentane was dried by distillation over sodium/potassium eutectic alloy. SEM measurements were performed with an XL30 FEG (Philips) system. Contact angles and NIR-spectroscopic analysis were performed with DSA30 (Krüss

Nickel nanoparticles supported on a covalent triazine framework as electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reactions

• Secil Öztürk,
• Yu-Xuan Xiao,
• Dennis Dietrich,
• Beatriz Giesen,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jie Ying,
• Xiao-Yu Yang and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 770–781, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.62

• ABCR. All materials were used without further purification. 1-Methylimidazole (>99%) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich, purified via fractional distillation and dried over molecular sieves for several days. Water was purified using the Millipore® system. The ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• during 8 h. At the end of the distillation, the temperature of the mixture was increased up to 180–185 °C for 1 h. The crude product was recrystallized from gasoline, yielding 51.2 g (78.1%) of a colorless crystalline product with the melting point of 67 °C (literature value 68 °C) [48] and the acid

Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films

• Ivan Kundrata,
• Karol Fröhlich,
• Lubomír Vančo,
• Matej Mičušík and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.142

• filters for hazardous byproducts, since the liquid waste from the deposition process can be easily caught, neutralized, and the solvent can be recovered by distillation. sALD opens up the possibility to use n-butyllithium, which does not exist in the gas phase, as a precursor for lithiated films [13

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• investigated for their potential as adsorbent, catalyst, and membrane. BC-based adsorbent, catalyst, and aerogel membrane were applied for the removal of copper and lead [47], dye removal [44], and membrane distillation [48]. Ultimately, the current goal in BC production is linked to resolving the challenging

Filling nanopipettes with apertures smaller than 50 nm: dynamic microdistillation

• Evelyne Salançon and
• Bernard Tinland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2181–2187, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.204

• completely filled using this new technique. The nanopipettes are first filled with pure water, which is later replaced with the desired electrolyte via electromigration. Electrical measurements are used to check that filling is complete. Keywords: current rectification; distillation; filling; nanopipette

• transports the water up to the very end of the nanopipette by “distillation”. The transported water becomes visible under the microscope because a small meniscus appears and moves gradually toward the large part of the nanopipette (due to the back-and-forth motion of the nanopipette). Paying much attention

Synthesis of rare-earth metal and rare-earth metal-fluoride nanoparticles in ionic liquids and propylene carbonate

• Marvin Siebels,
• Lukas Mai,
• Laura Schmolke,
• Kai Schütte,
• Juri Barthel,
• Junpei Yue,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Bernd M. Smarsly,
• Anjana Devi,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.180

• mbar). 1-chlorobutane (>99%) and 1-methylimidazole (>99%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and purified by fractional distillation, then dried over 4 Å molecular sieves for several days. The syntheses of the rare-earth metal amidinates (RE(amd)3, RE = Gd, Er, Pr) were performed according to literature

Closed polymer containers based on phenylboronic esters of resorcinarenes

• Tatiana Yu. Sergeeva,
• Rezeda K. Mukhitova,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Polina D. Klypina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1594–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.151

• added dropwise. The suspension was mixed at 80 °C for 6 h. The solid was filtered and dissolved in water. HCl was added to the solution to adjust the pH value to 5–6. The solution was dialyzed (3 × 30 min) and the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. Yellow oil was triturated in ethanol, filtered

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• of appearance for [AgO2CCH2OMe(PPh3)]. Methods of Investigation Experimental The synthetic methodologies were performed under an atmosphere of argon with the solvents degassed prior to use. Ethanol (99%) was distilled from sodium/diethyl phthalate, and acetonitrile (99%) by distillation from sodium

Electron beam induced deposition of silacyclohexane and dichlorosilacyclohexane: the role of dissociative ionization and dissociative electron attachment in the deposition process

• Ragesh Kumar T P,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Krishna K Damodaran,
• Oddur Ingólfsson and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2376–2388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.237

• filtered. The solvent was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to yield the crude product. The crude product was purified via condensation onto a liquid N2 cooled finger to yield the pure product and the analytical data matched with our previous report. All deposition experiments were performed

Charge transfer from and to manganese phthalocyanine: bulk materials and interfaces

• Florian Rückerl,
• Daniel Waas,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Martin Knupfer,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Francisc Haidu,
• Torsten Hahn and
• Jens Kortus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1601–1615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.160

• simultaneously evaporating both materials [104]. Subsequently, we have applied an in situ distillation procedure, which was already applied in previous experiments to achieve stoichiometric molecular salts [105][106][107][108]. After the initial preparation step, the films were heated up to 340 K for about half

Synthesis of [Fe(L_eq)(L_ax)]_n coordination polymer nanoparticles using blockcopolymer micelles

• Christoph Göbel,
• Ottokar Klimm,
• Florian Puchtler,
• Sabine Rosenfeldt,
• Stephan Förster and
• Birgit Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1318–1327, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.133

• the mixture was refluxed again for 1 h. Depending on the number of additions of starting material, either the solvent is removed by cold distillation (1 cycle, samples 1a, 2a, 3a) or a further cycle of addition of [FeLeq(MeOH)2] and axial ligand (simultaneously for all further cycles) followed by

• (bpee/bpey) was added and refluxed again for 1 h. The solution was cooled down to room temperature and the solvent was removed via cold distillation to yield a brown, polymer-like solid. Elemental analysis, found: C, 64.96; H, 7.44; N, 2.82; (C, 71.23; H, 7.24; N, 3.10/C, 59.99; H, 7.46; N, 2.48). 1b

• , two cycles (2b/3b): The synthesis for one cycle was repeated. Prior to solvent removal, 6.7 mg (15 µmol) [FeLeq(MeOH)2] and 6.9 mg (6.8 mg/6.8 mg) (37.5 µmol, 2.5 equiv) bpea (bpee/bpey) were added for a new cycle and refluxed for another hour. The solvent was removed via cold distillation to yield a

Fully scalable one-pot method for the production of phosphonic graphene derivatives

• Kamila Żelechowska,
• Marta Prześniak-Welenc,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Izabela Kondratowicz and
• Tadeusz Miruszewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1094–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.111

• phosphorylating GO and the usage of the latter as proton exchange membranes component was presented in [5]. Phosphorylated GO was synthesized via distillation–precipitation polymerization using dimethyl vinylphosphonate as monomer together with cross-linker and initiator. This approach required the introduction

Vapor deposition routes to conformal polymer thin films

• Priya Moni,
• Ahmed Al-Obeidi and
• Karen K. Gleason

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 723–735, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.76

• polymers on nylon membranes to be used in membrane distillation [2]. Conformal film coverage of the membrane microstructure is essential to prevent the wetting of liquid water, a critical property for this application. As seen in Figure 7a and Figure 7b, the overall structure of a nylon membrane before and

• films. The aforementioned work by Servi et al. showed how conformal poly(divinyl benzene) coatings allowed only water vapor transport through membranes used in membrane distillation [2]. Im and coworkers fabricated self-cleaning, superamphiphobic sponges by coating poly(heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate

A dioxaborine cyanine dye as a photoluminescence probe for sensing carbon nanotubes

• Mohammed Al Araimi,
• Petro Lutsyk,
• Anatoly Verbitsky,
• Yuri Piryatinski,
• Mykola Shandura and
• Aleksey Rozhin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1991–1999, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.190

• ) dioxaborine 1 [13] with (2.2 mmol) of hemicyanine 2 [26] and (2.2 mmol) of triethylamine (TEA). The resultant mixture was stirred at room temperature in 6 mL of pyridine for 3 h. After vacuum distillation of the reaction mixture, the residue was grinded with isopropyl alcohol (iPrOH) and filtered out. The

Reconstitution of the membrane protein OmpF into biomimetic block copolymer–phospholipid hybrid membranes

• Matthias Bieligmeyer,
• Franjo Artukovic,
• Stephan Nussberger,
• Thomas Hirth,
• Thomas Schiestel and
• Michaela Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 881–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.80

• and stirred for 1 h over di-n-butylmagnesium under the same conditions. To transfer the solvent and the monomers from one flask to another, cryo-distillation under static vacuum conditions was used. The typical procedure for polymerization of the block copolymers is briefly mentioned here. To a volume

Calculations of helium separation via uniform pores of stanene-based membranes

• Guoping Gao,
• Yan Jiao,
• Yalong Jiao,
• Fengxian Ma,
• Liangzhi Kou and
• Aijun Du

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2470–2476, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.256

• abundant element on earth, the helium concentration in the atmosphere is very low (about 5.2 ppm) [4]. Only in some natural gas fields is the helium concentration high enough for commercial separation by an energy-intensive process, such as fraction distillation. The development of a low energy cost

Green and energy-efficient methods for the production of metallic nanoparticles

• Mitra Naghdi,
• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• M. Verma,
• R. Y. Surampalli and
• J. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2354–2376, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.243

• workers. The recovery of these solvents through conventional distillation process is often energy-intensive. Therefore, in case of NPs synthesis, scientists focused on safer solutions, such as solventless systems or non-toxic solvents, i.e., the water/glycerol system [92][126][127]. Energy efficiency