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Search for "encapsulation" in Full Text gives 153 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology.
Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28
- positive charge. A peptide, as a model drug, was loaded onto the nanoparticles with an encapsulation efficiency of 58%. The release of the model drug from the delivery system was pH-independent and lasted for 7 days. The periodic acid–Schiff stain assay indicated 69% mucin interaction for the nanoparticles
- , effective encapsulation, pH-responsive release, and enhanced stability. Eudragit RS 100 is a copolymer of ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and a low proportion of methacrylic acid ester with quaternary ammonium groups. It is known for its mucoadhesive properties [16], which are independent of the site
- adhere to the mucosa. The size of the microspheres, from which the drug was released over a period of 24 h, was in the range of 800–900 µm [26]. Although particulate systems with larger sizes could be advantageous in terms of higher encapsulation efficiency and slower release, they would have a reduced
Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23
- , several methods of berberine encapsulation, berberine carrier materials, and berberine microemulsions have also been studied to improve the bioavailability and clinical applicability of berberine [9][13][14][15][16][17]. Although many studies have evaluated the antibacterial activity of berberine, there
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- layering fibers upon fibers through multiple steps, as shown in Figure 6. The functionality of the overall structure depends on the different properties exhibited by each layer. In bioactive encapsulation and controlled release applications, for example, multilayered membranes can be used to regulate the
Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16
- molecule dyes can be modulated by intramolecular rotation or intermolecular interactions [63]. By using nanocarrier encapsulation and self-assembly strategies, the water solubility and stability of organic small molecule dyes can be improved, and photobleaching can be reduced [64]. Materials that undergo
A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2
- , encapsulation of the antidote, acetylcholine hydrolysis, and antidote release. Keywords: acetylcholine; antidote delivery; artificial cholinesterase; atropine; nanocarrier; resorcinarene; Introduction Cholinergic toxicity results from an excessive quantity of acetylcholine (ACh), causing muscle cramps, nausea
- disintegrates the nanocarrier, leading to the release of Atr (Scheme 1). This paper discusses the synthesis of the Atr nanocarrier, its physicochemical and biological properties, the encapsulation of Atr into the nanocarrier cavity, ACh hydrolysis, nanocarrier degradation, and Atr release under the ACh action
- , resulting in the decomposition of the polymer. Fluorescein encapsulation and release under the influence of ACh To verify the degradation of p(Hist-CA) by ACh, fluorescein (Fl) was encapsulated into the nanocarrier cavity. Initially, 5 mg of Fl was dissolved in 15–20 mL of ethanol. Next, 7.3 μL of TO was
Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131
- complexes with liposomal components, enhancing both liposome stability and drug encapsulation. To gain deeper insight into the mechanisms underpinning SO’s potential as an endosomal escape agent, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as an indispensable computational tool. These simulations
Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127
- advancements nanocarriers have brought to medical sciences, particularly in cancer treatment, several challenges remain for their widespread application. Issues such as cytotoxicity, difficulties in management, encapsulation, and in vivo release pose barriers to the application of nanocarriers [16][17]. In
- nonpermissive characteristics at the barrier [69]. Polymeric nanoparticles, as well as those based on lipids and inorganic materials, are extensively studied for Alzheimer's disease treatment due to their tissue selectivity, potential circulation time, encapsulation capacity, and, importantly, their ability to
Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126
- encapsulation of medical substances. A very important advantage of diaspore mucilages are their antimicrobial properties [105][106][110][111]. Phenolic compounds are secondary plant metabolites, which demonstrate a wide range of structures, from simple molecules to polymeric compounds. They can be produced in
- production of biofilms, encapsulation, or lubricants with medical application [106][110][111][116][117]. Our findings may also help to design pathogen-resistant lubricating biomaterials with low friction, which can be achieved in rather simply way by adding phenolic substances to the medical hydrogels [98
Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118
- . We discuss the obstacles in the conventional delivery of phytochemicals, the fundamental architecture of PLHNPs, and the types of PLHNPs, highlighting their ability to improve encapsulation efficiency, stability, and controlled release of the encapsulated phytochemicals. In addition, the surface
- polyethylene glycol (PEG), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and chitosan (CHS), provides structural integrity, controlled release properties, and protection against premature degradation [14][15]. This hybrid structure improves the encapsulation efficiency of phytochemicals/drugs
- include their small particle size, high encapsulation efficiency, enhanced stability, and improved dissolution in harsh gastrointestinal (GI) fluids. Following oral administration, PLHNPs demonstrate superior intestinal absorption and bioavailability, attributed to their enhanced stability and dissolution
Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113
- opportunity to modify the release profile of the drugs, enhance targeting efficiency, and improve nasal permeation during intranasal administration [21][22][23][24]. In general, the encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) into mucoadhesive DDSs can mitigate rapid mucociliary clearance [25
- al. reported the encapsulation of ropinirole hydrochloride (RH), an anti-Parkinson drug, into chitosan-coated PLGA NPs by the nanoprecipitation method to enhance drug delivery through the nasal mucosa. The researchers assessed the mucoadhesive properties by observing the ability of the NPs to adsorb
- showed higher encapsulation efficiency for the positively charged ghrelin at pH 7.4, indicating that the choice of the anionic/cationic liposomes should be based on the desired application as well as the encapsulated substance. Moreover, a chitosan chloride coating increased mucin adsorption by
Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99
- ) and the cross-linker [17]. These materials find wide applications in drug delivery [18] and the encapsulation of nanometals [19][20]. Reduction of metallic ions can be achieved using various agents, including plant extracts [21]. This reduction typically involves two steps, namely, the loading of
Synthesis, characterization and anticancer effect of doxorubicin-loaded dual stimuli-responsive smart nanopolymers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1189–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.96
- . Characterizations of the synthesized nanostructures were carried out including zeta potential measurements, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The loading capacity of the nanopolymers for DOX was investigated, and encapsulation and release studies were carried out. In a final
- because of fast filling of the adsorption sites. In conclusion, DOX loading onto the SNPs was accomplished successfully. In previous studies conducted by our group on the carrying capacity of nanostructures, we obtained comparable results [20][24][37]. Encapsulation and release studies of DOX encapsulated
- SNPs The encapsulation and release behaviors of SNPs are extremely important for both efficient delivery and release. To evaluate the release properties of the synthesized SNPs, a PBS solution with a DOX concentration of 5 µM at pH 7.0 was prepared. The methodology for incorporating DOX into SNPs is
Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89
- as an absorption enhancer [51]. The therapeutic potential of curcumin using nanoformulations was reviewed by several researchers, summarizing recent curcumin encapsulation works on various NP platforms (liposomes, solid lipid NPs, micelles, and polymeric NPs) [52][53]. For example, polymeric
- encapsulation of curcumin in the phosphatidylserine nanocarrier improved its in vivo retention time, while free curcumin was quickly cleared from the body. As a consequence of the altered pharmacokinetics of the curcumin nanocarrier, the accumulation of curcumin in the liver was also enhanced, confirming its
Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88
- evaporation, and nanoprecipitation. Advances in alginate-based nanoparticle design have resulted in increased drug encapsulation efficiency, allowing for larger drug payloads within the nanoparticles. Biopolymeric nanoparticles have become the most commonly used nanoparticle DDSs in recent years. The
- their unique characteristics (Table 1), including a surface that easily adheres to the intestinal epithelium, drug encapsulation without the use of organic solvents, good absorption properties, and a low level of toxicity [76]. The adherence to the intestinal epithelium is particularly beneficial for
- drugs that need to be delivered to the gastrointestinal tract, as it ensures maximum absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Drug encapsulation without organic solvents is advantageous because organic solvents can be toxic and pose a risk to patient safety. The nanoparticles have a large surface area-to
Electrospun polysuccinimide scaffolds containing different salts as potential wound dressing material
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 781–796, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.65
- antibacterial properties is limited due to the encapsulation of certain nanoparticles within the fibers [23]. One of the most common approaches is the introduction of antibiotics. However, with the misuse and/or overuse of these types of drugs, there is the risk of antibiotic resistance (AMR), which is one of
Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49
- this percentage increased to 42% at pH 5.0 (Figure 4a). These results indicate that RF heating enhances degradation of NFs. Due to their structure, CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs efficiently increased the drug loading efficiency (DLE) of CUR and improved its stability. The drug encapsulation efficiency (DEE) and DLE
On the additive artificial intelligence-based discovery of nanoparticle neurodegenerative disease drug delivery systems
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 535–555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.47
- encapsulation, a larger NP size (70 nm) is needed. However, when NPs serve as carriers by binding drug molecules to their surface, a larger free surface area is required; therefore, the optimal size would be 20 nm [92]. This principle suggests that a high number of the NPs in our database are proper drug
- delivery carriers by drug encapsulation. Thus, the design of new N2D3Ss based on multiple preclinical assays of NP cytotoxicity and NDDs has been carried out successfully. This database involves a high structural and biological diversity, which may help to distinguish active from non-active N2D3Ss
Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24
- efficacy. The application of vinorelbine tartrate is limited because of its dose-related toxicity to the nervous, pulmonary, and gastrointestinal systems and reduced absorption when taken orally [33]. Encapsulation studies specifically aim to create a controlled drug delivery system to reduce existing side
- concentrations. The generated calibration curve was utilized to determine the cumulative drug release and encapsulation efficiency. Equation 6 represents the calibration curve derived from absorbance readings: The entrapment efficiency of VNB onto the polydopamine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PDA/Fe3O4 NPs
Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17
- urinary obstruction [14]. In another study, PLGA SPIONs could transport chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and diagnosis [15]. Therefore, the combination of PLGA and SPIONs promises a useful theragnostic system in our study. In addition to the encapsulation of SPIONs in PLGA employed for
- and IR783 are also promising diagnostic choices. Encapsulation of IR780 in nanoparticles can be used for imaging and photothermal, photodynamic, and combinatorial cancer therapies [20][21][22]. IR780 is also utilized in PEG-PLA nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy of human breast cancer cells [23
- particle [25][26]. PLGA is one of the finest materials for transporting chemotherapy drugs. PLGA transports not only hydrophobic but also hydrophilic drugs. The encapsulation of chemotherapeutics in PLGA nanoparticles has been extensively studied. PLGA has been loaded with doxorubicin, for instance, for
Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10
- concentrations (5 mg/L and 25 mg/L) compared to free cymene. This suggests that the encapsulation influences the bioactivity, potentially because of improved dispersion and controlled release of cymene. Similarly, free myrcene exhibited a concentration-dependent efficacy. Myrcene NEs consistently outperformed
- at the tested concentrations. Conclusion The rHLB values for cymene and myrcene were 15 and 16, respectively. These formulations demonstrated good colloidal stability over 60 days with stable values of size, PdI, and zeta potential. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the encapsulation of
Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4
- , lipid nanoparticles, nano- and microemulsions, liposomes, or metallic nanoparticles [68]. Costa-Lima and colleagues incorporated bisnaphthalimidopropyldiaaminooctane (BNIPDaoct) into PLGA polymeric nanoparticles and obtained particles with sizes around 150 nm, with encapsulation efficiency around 90
- ursolic acid (UA) functionalized with N-octyl chitosan. The NLC were approximately 143 nm of the hydrodynamic diameter. The authors also found encapsulation and drug-load efficiencies of 88.63 ± 2.70% and 12.05 ± 0.54%, respectively [70]. They evaluated the antileishmanial potential of the nanosystems
Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93
- recently developed method of encapsulation to produce high-quality submicron albumin particles loaded with riboflavin [28] or doxorubicin [29]. In this work, our aim was to determine the ability of albumin microparticles to load CUR by adsorption and to investigate binding with and release from the
- peaks of HSA-MPs (orange line spectrum) have almost the same characteristic peaks of HSA, including amide I and amide II. Interestingly, the similarity between the absorption peaks of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs (red line spectrum) suggests that CUR encapsulation does not significantly alter the protein
- cellular uptake of HSA-MPs and CUR-HSA-MPs. The intrinsic fluorescence of both particle types excited at 488 nm allowed for their visualization, as the fluorescence properties were preserved upon encapsulation (Figure 2E). Quantitative analysis of cellular uptake, performed through flow cytometry, revealed
Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91
- used for the encapsulation of nanoinsecticides [16]. The technique used to improve the insecticidal efficacy is called nanoencapsulation [14]. For this purpose, nanometer-sized active ingredients are filled into a thin-walled sac, so that they can be slowly released throughout the whole process. This
Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85
- HBOCs have been devised. Crosslinking of different Hb chains, polymerization of Hb molecules [16][17][18], surface modification [19], and techniques for encapsulation [20][21] already brought us somewhat closer towards a safe use of HBOCs [22]. However, a persistent problem is the severely limited
Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66
- bioavailability by modifying the absorption, distribution, and elimination of the drug. In this study, BNZ was successfully loaded into nanocarriers composed of myristyl myristate/Crodamol oil/poloxamer 188 prepared by ultrasonication. A stable NLC formulation was obtained, with ≈80% encapsulation efficiency (%EE
- volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.56 L/kg, and reactive products of its metabolism [13]. Such Vd and low permeability values across biological barriers could result in difficulties for BNZ to reach intracellular amastigotes. The encapsulation of BNZ within nanoscale pharmaceutical carriers has been
- delivering active principles [19]. SLNs comprise a lipid core, solid at 25 °C, stabilized by steric effects with a surfactant. The addition of small amounts of a liquid lipid at 25 °C leads to the improvement of SLNs in terms of sustained drug release and encapsulation efficiency (EE%), enabling the
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