Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• site. In situ mucoadhesion studies The ability of nanoparticles to stick to mucus, known as mucoadhesion, is important for retention at mucus-bearing sites and, thus, prolonged drug release into the environment [52]. The mucus interaction of the EudAlg NPs was first studied by DLS measurements, where

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• sample. The peaks observed in the emission spectra are accredited to deep and shallow band transitions. The variation in the width of emission peaks may be due to the change in the lattice environment with substrate temperature. The photoluminescence intensity depends on the number of charge carriers

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• /IG ratio (0.882) is observed for the GO–Chl sample compared to that of GO (0.929). This indicates a possible conversion of the sp3 carbon to sp2 carbon due to the reducing environment imparted by the amino functionalities present on the Chl, which was also corroborated by FTIR data [47]. Furthermore

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• , and environment. For electrospinning, factors such as applied electric field, distance between the needle and collector, flow rate, and needle diameter affect the fabrication of the nanofibrous sample. Solution parameters include the types of solvent, polymer concentration, viscosity, and solution

• environment because it mitigates the long-term effects of PVA waste on ecosystems. Research on PVA biodegradation further supports its status as an environmentally friendly polymer [65]. The mechanical properties of PVA depend on several factors, such as molecular weight and retained moisture [66]. Dry, fully

• properties [170][171]. This technology is advantageous in terms of energy consumption, processing time, and solvent use, and it is also non-hazardous to the environment [161]. In a study on the surface modification of electrospun chitosan/PVA nanofibers, PVA was dissolved in distilled water and mixed with

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• , Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chattogram-4349, Bangladesh Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology, Chattogram-4349, Bangladesh Water Management & Treatment Technologies Institute, Sustainability & Environment Sector, King Abdulaziz City for

• antibiotics has raised public concern, especially because they are environmental contaminants originating from human and animal waste [5]. These antibiotics can persist without change or as active metabolites in the environment, posing significant toxicity risks to aquatic and human life [6][7][8]. The

• mechanisms of how these materials or processes degrade antibiotics. They do not address the entry of antibiotics into the environment, their adverse impact on human health and the environment, or the effects of each treatment process in relation to established industrial applications. As a result, there is a

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• effect of PEG on cell growth and its biocompatibility by inducing metabolism modulations and survival autophagy through creating an intracellular hypoxic environment. Although there is no consensus on whether the role of folate in cancer cells is protective or harmful, a cytotoxic effect was also

Synthesis and the impact of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the viability and activity of rhizobacteria

• Bedah Rupaedah,
• Indrika Novella,
• Atiek Rostika Noviyanti,
• Diana Rakhmawaty Eddy,
• Anna Safarrida,
• Abdul Hapid,
• Zhafira Amila Haqqa,
• Suryana Suryana,
• Irwan Kurnia and
• Fathiyah Inayatirrahmi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 216–228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.17

• to the nHA carrier material is not fully understood. However, the structure of nHA, characterized by its voids and crevices, provides an environment conducive to the growth and survival of rhizobacteria, a phenomenon known as biological fixation [33]. Figure 6, along with Table 3 and Table 4, shows

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• the dielectric environment present during their synthesis (see below in Figure 2b) [48][49]. Because of the direct occurrence of photothermal conversion on the surfaces of LSPR metals and its rapid nature, combined with the metals’ inherent high thermal conductivity and strong hydrophilicity, LSPR

• for clinical ILM staining, is better suited for generating VNBs on the ILM, and the high NIR absorbance of ICG is beneficial in the in vivo environment. Karen Peynshaert’s team [169] demonstrated that ICG can bind to the ILM and generate VNBs upon pulsed laser irradiation, thereby disrupting the

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• nanoparticles of about 4 nm in size. It was found that the textural properties of the resulting materials are sensitive to the environment in which TEOT hydrolysis takes place. Alkoxides are, generally, not stable in protic solvents such as water. However, because of this property they are widely used as

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• , as well as geothermal, tidal, and solar energy. Renewable energy sources are unlimited and can be constantly replenished. In the coming years, renewable energy sources will contribute to decarbonizing energy systems. Solar energy safeguards both human health and a healthy environment [1]. Akmam and

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• standard treatment regimen for AIH. 6.2 Targeting lung diseases The immune system plays an essential role in the lungs, representing the largest surface exposed to the external environment. Pathogens can enter through the inhaled air via the epithelial layer or through the bloodstream via the endothelium

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• of engineered nanomaterials to change characteristics based on the properties of their environment presents a unique challenge for evaluating their potential environmental and human risks [15][16]. This “context dependence” of many nanomaterials’ properties requires distinction between extrinsic

Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V

• Philipp Rahe,
• Ilko Bald,
• Nadine Hauptmann,
• Regina Hoffmann-Vogel,
• Harry Mönig and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6

• software tool (”unDrift”), which allows reliable and fast drift correction. Dickbreder et al. demonstrate the robust performance of the software tool by AFM data recorded under varying conditions (vacuum or liquid environment) on calcite surfaces with recording times up to several hours. The work by Nony

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• in insect scales are, however, ideal templates for transferring these complex geometries, which cannot be otherwise synthesized, into media with higher refractive index. Plasma etching is an effective way to open the beetle scales and make them accessible to the chemical environment used for

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• using anionic SO, a pH-sensitive lipid-based molecule with amphipathic characteristics, as an innovative agent for overcoming endosomal entrapment. At physiological pH, SO carries a negative charge, limiting its interaction with cell membranes. However, within the acidic endosomal environment, SO

• environment, which is representative of endosomal conditions. In contrast, at pH 7.4, the fusion percentage for SO was significantly lower, peaking at only 10% at the highest concentration, highlighting the pH-sensitivity of SO’s fusogenic effect. A similar trend was observed for the positive control, DOPE

• the membrane surface rather than penetrating deeply. This distribution reflects AUR’s amphipathic nature, where the peptide’s hydrophilic regions interact with the aqueous environment, while the hydrophobic regions associate with the lipid headgroups. The hydrogen bond analysis (Figure 6b,d

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• ][41][43]. The decomposed surrounding liquid has a carbon-rich environment. As the polycrystals grow, they also act as a nucleus for carbon atoms to self-assemble [27][50], forming graphite layers and, eventually, core–shell NPs of different sizes. This formation of graphite layers might prevent the

• formation of fibres. As no hafnium oxide was observed, it can be stated that oxygen in the plasma from HfO0.25 did not react with Hf4+. This can be explained through the fact that the carbon-rich environment near the plasma shifts the reaction equilibrium in favour of the formation of HfC [23][24][51][52

• ) in different solvents. They observed that the choice of the surrounding liquid environment allowed them to tune the properties of the iron-based NPs, for example, the generation of iron oxides or carbides. In the present case, the surrounding liquid possibly had a huge influence on the formation of

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• the production of nature-inspired synthetics as demonstrated in Figure 2B [22][23][24][25][26]. Indeed, the co-incubation of nanoparticles with cellular components creates an environment conducive to the absorption of proteins by the nanoparticles, thereby facilitating the connection of these

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• amount, which raises questions about their role. The experiment answering this question can be an oxidation process of phenols, which happens at increased temperature (40 °C) [98]. One can suppose that the increase of the temperature within the mucilage envelope in the natural environment can happen

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• Akash Kumar Ridhima Chadha Abhishek Das Nandita Maiti Rayavarapu Raja Gopal Nanomaterial Toxicology Laboratory, Drug and Chemical Toxicology Group, Food, Drug and Chemical, Environment and Systems Toxicology (FEST) Divison, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan

• was performed in vaccum and water as solvent using the SCRF (CPCM) model to account for the effect of the environment. The computations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP functional [22] and split basis sets 6-31+G* for all atoms (C, O, N, and H), and LANL2DZ for Ag

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• residues in the environment [30]. Physical methods include laser ablation, UV irradiation, evaporation condensation, aerosol methods, and lithography. High cost, high energy consumption, and expensive equipment make these techniques uneconomical [31]. Because of these disadvantages, synthesis methods based

• formation of substances harmful to human health and the environment [36][37]. It has many advantages compared to chemical and physical methods, that is, it is non-toxic, pollution-free, ecological and economical, and more sustainable [38][39]. There is a variety of natural resources for the green synthesis

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders; moreover, ENR cannot be completely absorbed by most animals, it easily enters the environment through the excrement of organisms, also in the form of metabolites [3][4]. Nowadays, the concentration of ENR in

• , that is, PBS, Britton–Robinson (BR), KCl, and NaNO3, were tested to determine the most suitable environment for ENR oxidation. The voltammograms in Figure 8 show no clear SWV peak in KCl and NaNO3 electrolytes. In contrast, PBS and BR yielded well-defined peaks at 0.85 and 0.88 V, respectively. The ENR

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• complex simulations without extensive programming knowledge. The open-source nature of these packages encourages community contributions, fostering a collaborative environment and driving continuous improvement in materials simulation capabilities. Additionally, consumer-driven technologies like virtual

• experimental measurements, simulation results, and materials databases, into a unified model. This digital representation enables researchers to explore and analyze materials in a virtual environment, providing insights that would otherwise require extensive and time-consuming experimental testing [53][54

• reproducible, while giving the possibility to mix actual code with a markdown text and different media, an approach very akin to that of literate programming [76]. The main component of the Jupyter ecosystem is the Jupyter Notebook. The Jupyter Notebook provides an interactive computing environment that

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• and controlled release of the encapsulated drugs. Among all PLHNPs, these hybrid nanocarriers show the highest stability in the biological fluids and stimuli-responsive release of encapsulated drugs. In addition, the polymeric cage protects the drug from the harsh environment, and encapsulated drugs

• fabricated QCT-loaded PLHNPs (QCT-PLHNPs) for improved transfollicular delivery to treat alopecia [91]. The developed QCT-PLHNPs provided a lipophilic environment that effectively adheres to the scalp and shows significantly higher follicular uptake. In vivo studies in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats bearing

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• in an inert environment, can be considered highly dispersed composite materials (HDCMs). HDCMs exhibit potential for the use under conditions of high temperatures and radiation exposure, making them promising materials for new-generation modular nuclear reactors, advanced charge storage applications

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• transformations of precursor thin films. In this approach, the precursor is adsorbed onto a cooled substrate to form 1–2 nm thin films. The effects of ion beam exposure on the thin films are characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to identify changes in the films’ composition and chemical environment

• more heterogeneous local environment as the deposit forms from the molecular precursor, although the invariant peak position indicates that there is little change in the average chemical environment surrounding the halogen atoms. Since the loss of CO from all of the Pt(CO)2X2 films can be described by

• data in Figure S5 (Supporting Information File 1) reveal that no detectable Cl or C signals are present in the Ar+-induced Pt deposits. In contrast, electron-induced deposition of Pt from Pt(CO)2Cl2 was found to contain impurities depending on the background environment. Notably, electron-induced