Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• 2009 to 26.1% in 2023 [5][6]. PSCs consist of an absorber layer sandwiched between charge transport layers (CTLs), that is, the hole transport layer (HTL) and the electron transport layer (ETL). Light generates excitons, which further dissociate into electrons and holes. The electrons and holes are

• excitons [31]. Effect of the device temperature The device temperature is the pivotal factor influencing the performance of PSCs. The standard temperature to be considered while simulating the device structure is 300 K [32]. To study the impact of the temperature on the electrical parameters of the

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• defects of ZnO nanoparticles. The first peak is attributed to band edge free excitons [51] and the second to bound excitons [51][52]. The lower PL signal of the SG sample relative to the MW sample suggests a slower rate of recombination for photogenerated charges and, consequently, a much more efficient

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• excitation since its photon quantum energy is in resonance with excitons in ZnS single crystals. The emission was analyzed in a quasi-backscattering geometry through a double SDL-1 spectrometer. The signal from a FEU-106 photomultiplier with SbKNaCs photocathode working in a photon counting mode was fed to a

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• used as reducing agent. The synthesis protocol is summarily presented in Figure 1. Also, to characterize our material, UV–vis and XRD measurements were carried out. Figure 2A shows the broad adsorption band indicating the high number of excitons [38] on the surface of Ag NPs due to SPR. The SPR peak is

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• super conductivity [21][22], non-linear optics [23][24], and moiré excitons [25]. Because the properties of MoS2 flakes are first a function of their thickness, or layer number (N), it is of a primary importance to determine the N of MoS2 flakes, including twisted MoS2 flakes and defective MoS2 flakes

• A1g and E12g modes, occurs when the spectra are excited at an energy close to those of the A and B excitons located around 655 nm (1.89 eV) and 601 nm (2.06 eV), respectively, in MoS2 monolayers [35][36]. When the incident laser energy is in the range of the A and B exciton energies (the so-called

• range of A and B excitons [35]. All Raman spectra reported in this paper were recorded on different samples deposited on SiO2/Si(100) substrate. Hence, the second parameter essential to define is the SiO2 thickness. Indeed, the multiple reflection interferences that occur in the air/MoS2/SiO2/Si

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• equal to or greater than the binding energy of singlet and triplet excitons. The energy levels system of the considered devices with QDs determines the optimal photocurrent of dissociation for most singlet excitons, which require at least 0.07 eV energy [64]. The production of charge-transfer carrier

• combinations as part of the donor:acceptor blend is prompted by singlet excitons. This increases the electron transfer current, leading to higher efficiency. By incorporating quantum dots into active layers, the following effects were observed: boosted exciton formation, minimized interface charge

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• [46]. For the TiO2@MWCNTs nanocomposite, the TiO2 agglomerates attached to the MWCNTs are found to prevent the recombination of the h+/e− pairs and the H+/O− couples. Furthermore, excitons in the MWCNT structure can absorb visible-light irradiation and accordingly produce a sub-cathode current [8

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• levels of Bi2O3 and Bi2S3 equilibrate at the p–n junction, was also proposed. Bi2S3, which has a smaller bandgap than Bi2O3, is excited when it is exposed to visible light, while Bi2O3 is not. The photogenerated holes stay in the p-type Bi2S3 VB, while the excitons in the p-type Bi2S3 CB migrate to the n

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• demonstrated that the level of surface oxidation in CDs is what causes their luminescence. The amount of oxygen on the surface of CDs directly influences its redshifted emission. The number of surface defects increases with the surface oxidation level. The surface defects trap excitons, and the radiation from

• the recombination of trapped excitons causes the redshifted emission. Liu et al. reported the synthesis of highly photoluminescent CDs, which were then further separated into yellow emitting crystalline graphene quantum dots and green emitting amorphous carbon nanodots using a silica gel column. Even

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• was strongly increased, the defect band intensity was reduced (Figure 6). The observed enhancements were assigned to modifications in the creation of excitons and their recombination lifetimes, more specifically an increase in the non-radiative transitions and a decrease of the radiative emission of

• ZnO. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements showed that increasing the Ag NP concentration in hybrid metal–ZnO nanocomposites resulted in an increase of non-radiative transitions and a decrease of the radiative emission of ZnO, indicating the energy transfer from ZnO excitons to the Ag NPs plasmons

9.1% efficient zinc oxide/silicon solar cells on a 50 μm thick Si absorber

• Rafal Pietruszka,
• Bartlomiej S. Witkowski,
• Monika Ozga,
• Katarzyna Gwozdz,
• Ewa Placzek-Popko and
• Marek Godlewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 766–774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.60

• sample B. In the infrared region (850–1200 nm) the largest losses in EQE were observed. Photons with a low energy have a reduced absorption probability. Hence, low-energy photons generate e–h pairs mostly deep in the junction. Such pairs (excitons) should pass through the cell before reaching the

Excitonic and electronic transitions in Me–Sb₂Se₃ structures

• Nicolae N. Syrbu,
• Victor V. Zalamai,
• Ivan G. Stamov and
• Stepan I. Beril

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1045–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.89

• Mare 168, Chisinau 2004, Republic of Moldova T.G. Shevchenko State University of Pridnestrovie, 25 Oktyabrya street 107, 3300 Tiraspol, Republic of Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.11.89 Abstract The optical anisotropy of the Sb2Se3 crystals was investigated at 300 and 11 K. Excitonic features of four excitons

• triselenide; band structure; excitons; optical spectroscopy; reflection and absorption spectra; Introduction Antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) is an inorganic semiconductor compound with interesting photoelectric properties. This material has a high absorption coefficient (≈105 cm−1) in the region of maximum solar

• . The increase in intensity with the applied voltage confirms the excitonic character of the maximum, which is consistent with the fact that the binding energy of these excitons is 130–136 meV. The In–Sb2Se3 structures, in which the contacts were deposited by electrochemical methods, show

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• spectral position of the main PL bands coincides well. In the ZnO single crystal, the main PL band at 3.359 eV is associated with the radiative recombination of neutral donor bound excitons (D0X) [38][41][42]. The shoulder at higher photon energies is due to the recombination of free A excitons, while the

• PL bands at lower photon energies represent the LO-phonon replicas of the AX and D0X bands at 3.29–3.31 eV, and the 2LO-phonon replicas at 3.22–3.24 eV. The PL band at 3.359 eV in films comes also from the recombination of D0X excitons in ZnO crystallites, while the PL bands at 3.324 eV, 3.267 eV and

Light–matter interactions in two-dimensional layered WSe₂ for gauging evolution of phonon dynamics

• Avra S. Bandyopadhyay,
• Chandan Biswas and
• Anupama B. Kaul

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 782–797, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.63

• , from this low-energy edge due to excitons [51] and using Urbach formulism, the slope of the low-energy edge of the excitonic A-peak (Figure 2e) is calculated by the following Equation 5 [49], where I(ω) is the intensity, and E0 is in units of meV and is the so-called characteristic energy parameter [50

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• ]. In 1997, Era et al. first presented a chromophore-containing organic–inorganic perovskite [21]. They observed an enhanced phosphorescence of the included naphthalene [22], which was explained by an efficient energy transfer from Wannier excitons from the semiconducting perovskite layer to the triplet

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. These energetic offsets enable to dissociate singlet excitons into Coulomb-bound electron–hole pairs also called charge transfer states (CTs). These can either recombine in pairs at the D–A interfaces or split up into free

• the 10 nm scale, to maximize the donor–acceptor interfacial area where the excitons are dissociated and to overcome the short-exciton diffusion length. The vast majority of solution-processed D–A blends actually display more complex morphologies. For instance, they can feature a three-component

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• emission peak at 421 nm results from the interband transition of TiO2. The emission peaks at 474 and 541 nm can be attributed to the radiative recombination of the self-trapped excitons and the hydroxylated Ti3+ surface complexes, respectively [53][54]. Obviously, the luminescence intensity initially

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• electronic properties [3][4][5][6], optical spectra [7][8][9][10], excitons [11][12][13], quantum transport [14][15][16][17][18], plasmons [5][19], thermoelectric effects [20][21], and superconductivity [22][23][24] of BP. One of the most promising applications of BP at the industrial level is expected to be

• funnel effect in monolayer BP [13], which describes the possibility of controlling exciton motion by means of inhomogeneous strains. They found that the funnel effect in BP is much stronger than that in MoS2, and more important, shows opposite behavior to that in MoS2. Excitons in BP are mainly

CuInSe₂ quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on amorphous SiO₂ surfaces

• Henrique Limborço,
• Pedro M.P. Salomé,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro-Andrade,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Kamal Abderrafi,
• Joaquim P. Leitão,
• Juan C. Gonzalez and
• Sascha Sadewasser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1103–1111, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.110

• radiative recombination of free excitons (FE) and of bound excitons (B), as well as the no-phonon line of the bound exciton (BNP) as confirmed from PL measurements performed under the same experimental conditions of a Si substrate. After the deposition of a CdS layer on top of the three as-grown nanodot

Electronic properties of several two dimensional halides from ab initio calculations

• Mohamed Barhoumi,
• Ali Abboud,
• Lamjed Debbichi,
• Moncef Said,
• Torbjörn Björkman,
• Dario Rocca and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 823–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.82

• excitons and separate charges if a type-II arrangement [43][44] of the bands can be obtained. Notice that the experimental value of the bandgap for some systems is known [41] in the bulk form but the relatively large difference between our calculated HSE values and the experimental data is linked to the

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• splitting of 190 meV, far lower than the 400 meV (150 + 250 meV) necessary to its observation. Although it can be attributed to a line narrowing due to the coupling [23], we think that this peak analysis is not relevant in our case as we measure the plasmonic resonance and the molecular excitons over a

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• from micrometers to a few hundred nanometers [167]. A combination of MABI with a TiO2 scaffold resulted in a depopulation of bound excitons and electron transfer to the titania. These observations indicate that, in contrast to Pb-based HPs, for MABI, a bulk-heterojunction solar cell architecture is

Spin-coated planar Sb₂S₃ hybrid solar cells approaching 5% efficiency

• Pascal Kaienburg,
• Benjamin Klingebiel and
• Thomas Kirchartz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2114–2124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.200

• ][61][62]. Photons that are absorbed by the polymer generate excitons that can only diffuse up to around 10 nm before they recombine. While a photocurrent contribution from the polymer was demonstrated for certain Sb2S3 ETA cells [29] where the interface area is large and close-by, absorption in planar

A scanning probe microscopy study of nanostructured TiO₂/poly(3-hexylthiophene) hybrid heterojunctions for photovoltaic applications

• Laurie Letertre,
• Roland Roche,
• Olivier Douhéret,
• Hailu G. Kassa,
• Denis Mariolle,
• Nicolas Chevalier,
• Łukasz Borowik,
• Philippe Dumas,
• Benjamin Grévin,
• Roberto Lazzaroni and
• Philippe Leclère

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2087–2096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.197

• , its high hole mobility and its donor-like electronic properties [15]. Upon light absorption by the polymer, excitons are generated and they can be dissociated at the interface with TiO2, the polymer also acting as the hole-transporting layer. In this work, we investigated nanostructured TiO2 layers

• electrostatic forces between the tip and the sample, due to the excess positive charges present in the P3HT layer, i.e., the bond dipole. Upon illumination, it is expected that P3HT-COOH absorbs the incident photons, thus creating excitons. The length of the P3HT-COOH chains being sufficiently small

• , irrespective of the location where the excitons are generated, they will be able to reach the TiO2/P3HT-COOH interface, and dissociate by transferring an electron from P3HT into the conduction band of TiO2. An accumulation of holes in the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of P3HT and electrons in the

Photoluminescence of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots in nematic liquid crystals in electric fields

• Margarita A. Kurochkina,
• Elena A. Konshina and
• Daria Khmelevskaia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1544–1549, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.145

• electric field strength can arise from the generation of excitons in LC molecules surrounding the QDs and the subsequent Förster resonance energy transfer from the LC molecules (donor) to QDs (acceptor). The NPs spectra can shift and the overlap of the wave functions of electrons and holes can decrease