Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• and measured with a 0.1 eV step size, 260 ms dwell time, and 20 eV pass energy. All spectra were referenced against the adventitious C 1s peak at 284.8 eV [51]. The data processing, including Shirley background subtraction and Gaussian/Lorentzian peak fitting, was performed in CasaXPS (Version 2.3.24

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• (287.6), C=O (287.7), and COOH (288.8) eV, respectively, using the Voigt (mixed Gaussian–Lorentzian) function. The peak fitting was performed with respect to the chemical bonding of the materials, the least count of the instrument, and in agreement with the available literature [48][49]. The appearance

• ), and deconvoluted fitting components (multicolored regions) are also shown here. Quantitative estimation of Chl binding onto GO nanosheets using UV–vis spectroscopy: (a) Optical density measurement of various concentrations (2.5–25 µg/mL) of Chl for the preparation of a standard calibration curve. (b

• GO and GO–Chl nanoconjugate via UV–vis, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, FESEM, and HRTEM. Figure S2 shows the atomic force microscopy-based topographical analysis of GO nanosheets. Figure S3 represents the XPS survey spectra of GO, GO–Chl, and Chl. Table S1 shows the summary of fitting parameters for the

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• studies related to examining the suitability and limitations of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for major unconventional gas resources [16]. The Langmuir isotherm is suitable for modeling monolayer adsorption on uniform sites. Fitting experimental adsorption data to the appropriate isotherm model is

• homogeneous surface. It is often used in gas sensors where only one layer of gas molecules is adsorbed and where there are no interactions between adsorbed molecules. Fitting of obtained result values into the Langmuir adsorption model is shown in Figure 6, which is defined using the Equation 1. where K is

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• state. Photoelectron spectra were collected using a PHI 5400 XPS equipped with a 300 W Mg Kα X-ray source at an analyzer pass energy of 22.36 eV. The spectra were analyzed using CasaXPS [21][41][74], a commercially available analysis software. Synthetic peak fitting was used in the Pt 4f region to

• monitor changes in the Pt oxidation state. Peak fitting for the Pt 4f and Br 3d peaks was performed with 60/40 Gaussian/Lorentzian line shapes, GL(40), in CasaXPS [21][57][58]. Mass spectrometry, using a Pfeiffer QMS 200 mass analyzer, was used to identify the evolved species resulting from ion

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• spot size of 400 μm at three different spots for each sample. Analysis and peak fitting took place with CasaXPS (Casa Software Ltd.), where a linear background was used. Statistical analysis All statistical analysis was performed using JMP (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). For each test, a one-way ANOVA

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• , attributed to the significant suppression due to ground state saturation. By fitting the TRPC curve with an exponential function, we determined that the photoresponse time of the heterojunction region is approximately 2.8 ps. The picosecond photoresponse in the heterojunction region arises not only from the

• Figure 2f. The response time (τ) of the device can be determined by fitting the time-resolved photocurrent signals with the following equation [40][41][43]: Here, the amplitude A and the time constant τ are the fitting parameters. With different probe and pump powers, the ultrafast response time remains

• saturation effect. A power law fit was applied, resulting in Iph ≈ P0.6. (c) Typical TRPC results of the graphene/3R WSe2/graphene device. The intrinsic photoresponse time of 2.8 ps was obtained through exponential fitting. (d) Probe power-resolved TRPC curves for the graphene/3R WSe₂/graphene heterojunction

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• where the resistance declines by 50% and the width of the superconducting transition is defined as the temperature interval where the resistance rises from 10% to 90% of the resistance in the normal state. The measured R(T) dependence of the samples A1–A4 together with the fitting curves is shown in

• even if we take τ0 as a fitting parameter. This means that in addition to the film’s own thermodynamic fluctuations, the transition width and shape are determined by some other factors, for example, current fluctuations, background radiation, and spatial inhomogeneities. Temperature sensitivity

• versus temperature (black dots) for the test samples: (a) A1, (b) A2, (c) A3, and (d) A4. The red curves show the fitting functions. The temperature dependence of resistance of sample C1 (blue squares), sample A4 (red triangles), and sample B1 (black dots). The transition widths of samples B1 and C1 are

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• below. According to the K–P model, the charge carrier effective masses are given as , where ℏ is the reduced Plank constant, E is the charge carrier’s energy, and k is a wave vector. To estimate the effective masses of electrons and holes, we used a curve-fitting algorithm (weighted least squares method

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• calculations are performed to obtain GW-calculated eigenvalues using the two-pole fitting by setting 40 frequency points. Results and Discussion Structural geometry The geometries of the ground-state structures of Ca clusters (2–20) were analyzed by the ABACUS software and are displayed in Figure 1. The

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• Information Procedure to preparation of reference MIL-100(Fe). Langmuir–Freundlich model and the calculated IAST-CO2/N2 selectivity equations. The Clausius–Clayperon equation for calculating CO2 heat adsorption. The characteristic parameters alongside correlation coefficients from fitting the Langmuir

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• calibrated by measuring and fitting the 4.4 and 8.2 eV DEA resonance peaks of O− anions produced from CO2 molecules. TEM-QMS setup The TEM-QMS setup was originally constructed and operated at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland [28], and was later moved to Prague and modified [29]. A continuous electron

• 4.4 eV resonance peak of O− anions produced via DEA to CO2. The electron beam energy resolution was estimated by fitting and extracting the width of the 4.4 eV resonance peak of O−/CO2; during the present measurement it was around 100 meV. In the given mass range, the quadrupole mass resolution was

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• release from CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs in the simulated TME. Drug release kinetics model fitting was also performed. The Higuchi, Ritger–Peppas, zero-order, and first-order methods were used to fit the experimental data, and R2 and release constants were calculated, as shown in Table 1. Among them, the Higuchi

• model has the highest degree of fitting with the release of NFs in different simulated environments within 72 h, which indicates conformity with the Fick diffusion mechanism. Meanwhile, we found that RF heating does not affect the release kinetics model. Ritger–Peppas is a semiempirical model, and n is

• an indicator of the drug release mechanism, where n ≤ 0.45 represents the Fick diffusion. The n values calculated in this study are all less than 0.45, indicating that the CUR release from NFs is in accordance with the Fick diffusion. Similarly, the Higuchi model has the highest degree of fitting

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• . 05-0566 [29][30] and to a tetragonal rutile cassiterite SnO2 phase according to PDF 21-1250 and JCPDS card no. 41-1445 [31][32]. Whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) weight fraction analysis revealed that the ZnS phase is 100% of zinc blende structure. The analysis of the XRD pattern in Figure 2b

Superconducting spin valve effect in Co/Pb/Co heterostructures with insulating interlayers

• Andrey A. Kamashev,
• Nadir N. Garif’yanov,
• Aidar A. Validov,
• Vladislav Kataev,
• Alexander S. Osin,
• Yakov V. Fominov and
• Ilgiz A. Garifullin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 457–464, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.41

• order to check this, points in the thickness range between 40 and 60 nm would be required). The fitting parameters given in the caption to Figure 4 were obtained as follows. The coherence lengths in the S and F materials, ξS and ξF, respectively, were estimated from the residual resistivities of the

• to plot the theoretical curve for (dPb). The value of γ is consistent with the values of ξS and ξF. What is unexpected in the above fitting parameters is a rather small value of the interface resistance parameter, γb = 0.48. In the tunneling limit, one can estimate in terms of the effective

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• Ag NPs-DES substrate is sensitive and can be used for quantitative analysis of NFT following the two linear fitting equations: For further investigations on the SERS performance of the Ag NPs-DES thin film, NFT was again selected to test the stability. In practice, a stable SERS substrate is not only

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• would mean that all the strain energy provided externally ends up at GBs leading to movements of dislocations at GBs or fractures at GBs. Fitting the tunneling + destruction model to our data, we find that the initial tunneling distance has a value of 3.6 nm, which is comparable to the nanographene

• long axis of non-spherical grains (a) at zero strain (marked as point A in the curve), (b) at point B in the curve, (c) in the plateau region marked as point C, and (d) at point D in the curve showing missing grains as rupture in the film. Value of extracted parameters by fitting from Figure 2c

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• curve fitting after Shirley background subtraction [38]. The two major symmetric peaks at 35.87 and 38.00 eV binding energies correspond to the 4f7/2 and 4f5/2 levels (spin–orbit splitting: 2.13 eV), respectively, indicating the presence of W6+ in the as-deposited WOx films [38][39]. The two minor peaks

Exploring the relationships between physiochemical properties of nanoparticles and cell damage to combat cancer growth using simple periodic table-based descriptors

• Joyita Roy and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 297–309, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.27

• . Importance of the zeta potential as a descriptor The developed QSPR model without zeta potential descriptor shows R2 = 0.47 and = 0.34, which is well below the desired acceptance criteria. The obtained results indicate that the fitting and robustness of the developed model without the presence of the zeta

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Ultrasensitive and ultrastretchable metal crack strain sensor based on helical polydimethylsiloxane

• Shangbi Chen,
• Dewen Liu,
• Weiwei Chen,
• Huajiang Chen,
• Jiawei Li and
• Jinfang Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 270–278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.25

• wires as electrodes on both sides of the helical polydimethylsiloxane. Fabrication of the metal crack strain sensor The helical structure of PDMS was achieved by utilizing a screw as a mold, as depicted in Figure 5. To ensure the absence of bubbles within the grooves of the screw, a precisely fitting

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• 60 chips from one wafer, detecting the thermal fluctuations at room temperature under ambient conditions and fitting them to a Lorentzian lineshape. We found that ωm decreases with the increasing radial distance D from the center of the wafer, as shown in Figure 7, probably because of non-uniform

• overcoupled, making it difficult to extract a reliable value for Qint using the standard fitting methods. Nevertheless, we can reliably determine the resonant frequency for all measured samples and calculate the kinetic inductance using the simulated capacitance and nominal number of squares in the meander

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• consistently manufacturing PAAO with the targeted thickness. An electrochemical cell with an optical window was designed for reflectance spectroscopy of PAAO during anodization. Real-time fitting of spectra to a transfer-matrix model enabled continuous monitoring of the thickness growth of the PAAO layer

• ) setup, the PAAO structure was analyzed using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method [21]. However, the optimal PAAO thickness for FFT analysis was ≈2.5–5.0 μm, where multiple interference fringes can be observed in the reflectance spectra. Here, the PAAO thickness was calculated in real time by fitting

• stage of anodization, the alumina layer may not be correctly represented by a single-layer effective RI. This typically resulted in fitting errors during the first 1–2 min of anodization (hPAAO < 200 nm) as shown in Figure 3a. Moreover, the LM algorithm is sensitive to the initial guess value of the fit

Berberine-loaded polylactic acid nanofiber scaffold as a drug delivery system: The relationship between chemical characteristics, drug-release behavior, and antibacterial efficiency

• Le Thi Le,
• Hue Thi Nguyen,
• Liem Thanh Nguyen,
• Huy Quang Tran and
• Thuy Thi Thu Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 71–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.7

• equations and parameters determined by fitting the BBR release data to the aforementioned mathematical models are shown in Supporting Information File 1 and Table 2. The correlation coefficient (R2) of BBR release from the BBR/PLA nanofiber scaffold was the largest when fitted to the Ritger–Peppas model

• of (a) control MA-104 cells and (b) MA-104 cells treated with BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffold after 120 h of incubation. Average diameter and water contact angle of electrospun PLA, BBR/PLA, and BBR NPs/PLA nanofiber scaffolds. Parameters determined by fitting BBR release data to four different

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• conductive carbon black concentrations in hydrogel composite samples (c). Analysis of electrical properties of hydrogel-based samples with catalyst (M CO) and conductive (cCB) particles (experimental data (dot line) and Randles model results (solid line)): a) Bode modulus and b) phase angle with fitting