Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• precision in determining the pore morphologies [29][40]. The method involved fitting two-dimensional (2D) scattering patterns to a conical pore model utilizing a series of images with different tilts of the sample with respect to the incident X-ray beam, corresponding to the alignment of the parallel pores

• applying distribution functions in a 2D fitting scenario. To address these limitations, we have developed a new approach that maintains the high precision of SAXS analysis while significantly reducing computational requirements and enabling the investigation of size distributions. This method involves

• analyzing and fitting one-dimensional (1D) sections of the SAXS patterns employing different form factors rather than performing 2D image fitting. We implemented our new fitting method to investigate conical nanopores in the two different SiO2 membrane materials. For nanopores in thermal SiO2 we confirm

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• XPS spectra was performed by referring to the Au 4f7/2 line at 84.0 eV measured from a clean Au foil. XPS data processing was carried out using CASA XPS software version 2.3.15. Fitting of the core-level spectra was performed using the sum of Gauss–Lorenz and Doniach–Sunjic functions after the

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• model catalyst”, pages 8-13, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Ce–O interatomic distances for 2 ML and 10 ML CeO2 films evaluated by fitting Ce L3-edge EXAFS with the electric field parallel (dCe−O PAR) and perpendicular (dCe−O PER) to the

• distance in CeO2 NPs of different diameter as function of the reciprocal average diameter evaluated by fitting Ce L3-edge EXAFS. The solid line is a linear fit of the data. Used with permission from [42] (“Contraction, cation oxidation state and size effects in cerium oxide nanoparticles”, by J. S. P

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• cross sections. Shirley background subtraction was used in analysis of fine lines. For the Mo 3d, S 2p, and Na 2s spectra, curve fitting was performed using a Gaussian (40%)/Lorentzian (60%) product function. For the C 1s spectra, the main peak at ≈284.4 eV was fitted using a Lorentzian asymmetric line

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• all the samples, the peak position corresponding to the adventitious carbon value was fixed at 284.6 eV. A Shirley-type background baseline was used, and the Gaussian–Lorentzian sum function was applied for peak fitting. The high-resolution spectra of Fe 2p and S 2p after soft surface etching using

• argon ions is provided in Figure 7. The Fe 2p spectra of pyrite NPs in all solvents (Figure 7a–e) show two major peaks of Fe 2p3/2 and Fe 2p1/2 at 709 and 722 eV, respectively, which denotes the Fe2+ chemical state [44] with a separation ΔE of 13.1 eV. The peak fitting of the Fe 2p3/2 peak reveals a

• the peak fitting is in accordance to the hybrids reported [46][47]. The Fe 2p1/2 peak does not require deconvolution due to its relatively lower intensity and minimal contribution to the overall spectral profile. Specifically, in studies of iron, as proposed by Grosvenor et al., the Fe 2p3/2 peak

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• exhibit superparamagnetic behavior. The M(H) relation registered at 300 K was not included in the fitting due to the linear character. It should be highlighted that, although the iron sucrose is only 5% of the Ferisan mass, the nonmagnetic contribution from the additives, which can be expected especially

• sample regardless of the measurement temperature is that such behavior is typical for antiferromagnetic systems. This conclusion correlates with the TEM results which predicts the antiferromagnetic α-FeOOH or, with a lower probability, the β polymorph in the nanoparticle cores. The fitting equation used

• fitting parameters. One of the start values in the fitting procedure was the median of D, named , and its standard deviation σ, which were difficult to estimate as the distribution of nanoparticle diameters f(D) was not known. Following the literature values for iron sucrose nanoparticles in other

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• technologically relevant nanostructure devices. The type and amount of surface oxide and defects can be obtained from XPS peak fitting, as presented in Figure 2c, assuming a Shirley background and Voigt doublet components (more fitting components can be found in [18]). Both the In 4d and P 2p spectra were fitted

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• the CASA software, with Shirley background removal applied during the fitting process. The Cd 3d5/2 peak in Figure 5a appears at 404.5 eV for CZ900_Pris, CZ900_313O, and CZ900_313Ag thin films, indicative of Cd–O bonding [18][19]. Notably, the Cd 3d5/2 peak position for the CZ900_313Ag thin film has

• from the Zn2SiO4, as indicated by the single peak fitting of the Si 2p3/2 peak in Figure 5d. The presence of the Zn2SiO4 phase is evident in the Si 2p3/2 peak for CZ900_Pris and CZ900_313O thin films. Therefore, the data from the O 1s and Si 2p3/2 peaks indicate that the Zn2SiO4 phase is not

• silver ion irradiation indicates the complete amorphization of the Zn2SiO4 phase. However, the intensity of this feature remains relatively unchanged with oxygen ion irradiation. The fitting analysis of the Si 2p XPS peak, showing the absence of the component related to Zn2SiO4 after Ag ion irradiation

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• − employed as redox probe in this study. The magnitude of the Rct of the electrodes at different modification stages was calculated by fitting the experimental Nyquist plots to the Randles equivalent circuit model. The commercial CSPE showed a high Rct of 12.90 kΩ (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2

• , electrode stability in different solvents, and circuit fitting for the EIS data. Acknowledgements The authors acknowledge SensUs organization for technical discussions on biosensors development, Dr. Quentin Palomar-Marchand for the technical advice provided on electrochemical measurements, and Jayendra

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• between these components after contact with the sample. Upon successfully fitting the results of N2+-implanted molybdenum thin films for all thickness, a small error percentage (in this case, 0.15%) between the experimental and simulated curves is observed, indicating a close match [2][44]. The simulated

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• to determine the temperature range at which we can operate the tuning fork and to illustrate the degree of difficulty while scanning at high temperature. Beyond 500 K, no resonance was measured for this specific sensor as the signal became too weak. The fitted function follows Equation 1 with fitting

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• and measured with a 0.1 eV step size, 260 ms dwell time, and 20 eV pass energy. All spectra were referenced against the adventitious C 1s peak at 284.8 eV [51]. The data processing, including Shirley background subtraction and Gaussian/Lorentzian peak fitting, was performed in CasaXPS (Version 2.3.24

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• (287.6), C=O (287.7), and COOH (288.8) eV, respectively, using the Voigt (mixed Gaussian–Lorentzian) function. The peak fitting was performed with respect to the chemical bonding of the materials, the least count of the instrument, and in agreement with the available literature [48][49]. The appearance

• ), and deconvoluted fitting components (multicolored regions) are also shown here. Quantitative estimation of Chl binding onto GO nanosheets using UV–vis spectroscopy: (a) Optical density measurement of various concentrations (2.5–25 µg/mL) of Chl for the preparation of a standard calibration curve. (b

• GO and GO–Chl nanoconjugate via UV–vis, FTIR, Raman Spectroscopy, FESEM, and HRTEM. Figure S2 shows the atomic force microscopy-based topographical analysis of GO nanosheets. Figure S3 represents the XPS survey spectra of GO, GO–Chl, and Chl. Table S1 shows the summary of fitting parameters for the

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• studies related to examining the suitability and limitations of the Langmuir adsorption isotherm for major unconventional gas resources [16]. The Langmuir isotherm is suitable for modeling monolayer adsorption on uniform sites. Fitting experimental adsorption data to the appropriate isotherm model is

• homogeneous surface. It is often used in gas sensors where only one layer of gas molecules is adsorbed and where there are no interactions between adsorbed molecules. Fitting of obtained result values into the Langmuir adsorption model is shown in Figure 6, which is defined using the Equation 1. where K is

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• state. Photoelectron spectra were collected using a PHI 5400 XPS equipped with a 300 W Mg Kα X-ray source at an analyzer pass energy of 22.36 eV. The spectra were analyzed using CasaXPS [21][41][74], a commercially available analysis software. Synthetic peak fitting was used in the Pt 4f region to

• monitor changes in the Pt oxidation state. Peak fitting for the Pt 4f and Br 3d peaks was performed with 60/40 Gaussian/Lorentzian line shapes, GL(40), in CasaXPS [21][57][58]. Mass spectrometry, using a Pfeiffer QMS 200 mass analyzer, was used to identify the evolved species resulting from ion

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• spot size of 400 μm at three different spots for each sample. Analysis and peak fitting took place with CasaXPS (Casa Software Ltd.), where a linear background was used. Statistical analysis All statistical analysis was performed using JMP (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). For each test, a one-way ANOVA

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• , attributed to the significant suppression due to ground state saturation. By fitting the TRPC curve with an exponential function, we determined that the photoresponse time of the heterojunction region is approximately 2.8 ps. The picosecond photoresponse in the heterojunction region arises not only from the

• Figure 2f. The response time (τ) of the device can be determined by fitting the time-resolved photocurrent signals with the following equation [40][41][43]: Here, the amplitude A and the time constant τ are the fitting parameters. With different probe and pump powers, the ultrafast response time remains

• saturation effect. A power law fit was applied, resulting in Iph ≈ P0.6. (c) Typical TRPC results of the graphene/3R WSe2/graphene device. The intrinsic photoresponse time of 2.8 ps was obtained through exponential fitting. (d) Probe power-resolved TRPC curves for the graphene/3R WSe₂/graphene heterojunction

Investigation of Hf/Ti bilayers for the development of transition-edge sensor microcalorimeters

• Victoria Y. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Anton A. Yablokov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1353–1361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.108

• where the resistance declines by 50% and the width of the superconducting transition is defined as the temperature interval where the resistance rises from 10% to 90% of the resistance in the normal state. The measured R(T) dependence of the samples A1–A4 together with the fitting curves is shown in

• even if we take τ0 as a fitting parameter. This means that in addition to the film’s own thermodynamic fluctuations, the transition width and shape are determined by some other factors, for example, current fluctuations, background radiation, and spatial inhomogeneities. Temperature sensitivity

• versus temperature (black dots) for the test samples: (a) A1, (b) A2, (c) A3, and (d) A4. The red curves show the fitting functions. The temperature dependence of resistance of sample C1 (blue squares), sample A4 (red triangles), and sample B1 (black dots). The transition widths of samples B1 and C1 are

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• below. According to the K–P model, the charge carrier effective masses are given as , where ℏ is the reduced Plank constant, E is the charge carrier’s energy, and k is a wave vector. To estimate the effective masses of electrons and holes, we used a curve-fitting algorithm (weighted least squares method

Ca_n neutral clusters: a two-step G₀W₀ and DFT benchmark

• Sunila Bakhsh,
• Sameen Aslam,
• Muhammad Khalid,
• Muhammad Sohail,
• Sundas Zafar,
• Sumayya Abdul Wadood,
• Kareem Morsy and
• Muhammad Aamir Iqbal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1010–1016, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.82

• calculations are performed to obtain GW-calculated eigenvalues using the two-pole fitting by setting 40 frequency points. Results and Discussion Structural geometry The geometries of the ground-state structures of Ca clusters (2–20) were analyzed by the ABACUS software and are displayed in Figure 1. The

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• Information Procedure to preparation of reference MIL-100(Fe). Langmuir–Freundlich model and the calculated IAST-CO2/N2 selectivity equations. The Clausius–Clayperon equation for calculating CO2 heat adsorption. The characteristic parameters alongside correlation coefficients from fitting the Langmuir

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• calibrated by measuring and fitting the 4.4 and 8.2 eV DEA resonance peaks of O− anions produced from CO2 molecules. TEM-QMS setup The TEM-QMS setup was originally constructed and operated at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland [28], and was later moved to Prague and modified [29]. A continuous electron

• 4.4 eV resonance peak of O− anions produced via DEA to CO2. The electron beam energy resolution was estimated by fitting and extracting the width of the 4.4 eV resonance peak of O−/CO2; during the present measurement it was around 100 meV. In the given mass range, the quadrupole mass resolution was

Stiffness calibration of qPlus sensors at low temperature through thermal noise measurements

• Laurent Nony,
• Sylvain Clair,
• Daniel Uehli,
• Aitziber Herrero,
• Jean-Marc Themlin,
• Andrea Campos,
• Franck Para,
• Alessandro Pioda and
• Christian Loppacher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 580–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.50

Radiofrequency enhances drug release from responsive nanoflowers for hepatocellular carcinoma therapy

• Yanyan Wen,
• Ningning Song,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Weiwei Wu,
• Qixiong Lin,
• Minjie Cui,
• Rongrong Li,
• Qiufeng Yu,
• Sixue Wu,
• Yongkang Liang,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 569–579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.49

• release from CUR-Fe@MnO2 NFs in the simulated TME. Drug release kinetics model fitting was also performed. The Higuchi, Ritger–Peppas, zero-order, and first-order methods were used to fit the experimental data, and R2 and release constants were calculated, as shown in Table 1. Among them, the Higuchi

• model has the highest degree of fitting with the release of NFs in different simulated environments within 72 h, which indicates conformity with the Fick diffusion mechanism. Meanwhile, we found that RF heating does not affect the release kinetics model. Ritger–Peppas is a semiempirical model, and n is

• an indicator of the drug release mechanism, where n ≤ 0.45 represents the Fick diffusion. The n values calculated in this study are all less than 0.45, indicating that the CUR release from NFs is in accordance with the Fick diffusion. Similarly, the Higuchi model has the highest degree of fitting

Aero-ZnS prepared by physical vapor transport on three-dimensional networks of sacrificial ZnO microtetrapods

• Veaceslav Ursaki,
• Tudor Braniste,
• Victor Zalamai,
• Emil Rusu,
• Vladimir Ciobanu,
• Vadim Morari,
• Daniel Podgornii,
• Pier Carlo Ricci,
• Rainer Adelung and
• Ion Tiginyanu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 490–499, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.44

• . 05-0566 [29][30] and to a tetragonal rutile cassiterite SnO2 phase according to PDF 21-1250 and JCPDS card no. 41-1445 [31][32]. Whole powder pattern fitting (WPPF) weight fraction analysis revealed that the ZnS phase is 100% of zinc blende structure. The analysis of the XRD pattern in Figure 2b