Enhanced erosion resistance and radiation stability of WC–WO₃ nanocomposite films under 100 keV Kr⁺ ion irradiation

• Shristi Bist,
• Parswajit Kalita,
• Ratnesh K. Pandey,
• Sejal Shah,
• Richa Krishna,
• Umapathy G. R.,
• Sunil Ojha and
• Devesh K. Avasthi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 922–934, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.65

• backed by a rotary pump. The deposition was done under 3 × 10−2 mbar pressure with a power of 150 W RF for 30 min in the presence of argon gas having flow rate of 30 sccm. The WC–WO3 nanocomposite films were synthesized using sputter deposition of WC films at room temperature (RT) and its subsequent

He⁺ FIBID-fabricated 3D AFM tip architectures: an exploratory study of hollow pillars, helices, and spirals

• Alba Arroyo-Fructuoso,
• Ana Galet,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Rosa Córdoba

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 863–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.62

• inclination as the commercial tip, maintaining the nominal cantilever-to-sample tilt angle of approximately 10–15° typically used in AFM systems. The fabrication was performed using the ZEISS ORION NanoFab system, equipped with a single-needle, multiprecursor gas injection module (Oxford Instruments OmniGIS

• Information File 4: Additional figures and tables. Acknowledgements The authors thank Matthias Schmidt from Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH, Leipzig, Germany, for generously loaning the gas injection system controller for more than three months. The authors also thank the microscopy service

Glycerol photoelectrochemical oxidation reaction at carbon nitrides/BiVO₄ materials

• Charles Garcia da Cunha,
• Isabelle M. D. Gonzaga,
• Cristian Hessel,
• Izadora F. Reis,
• Ivo F. Teixeira,
• Lucia H. Mascaro and
• Elton Sitta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 806–817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.57

• electrode. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 18: Additional figures. Acknowledgements The authors thank Shell for the strategic importance of the support given by ANP (Brazil's National Oil, Natural Gas, and Biofuels Agency) through the R&D levy regulation. Funding This research was

Tuning the electronic properties of defect-rich MoS₂

• Eric Juriatti,
• Martina Binninger,
• Carolin Schüle,
• Maren Zirwick,
• Katarina Margetic,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Marcus Scheele and
• Heiko Peisert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 796–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.56

• intentionally by sputtering with noble gases, yielding conflicting results in different reports, apparently depending on detailed experimental conditions and the source of the substrates [18][19][20][21]. Recently, a TMDC surface cleaning by noble gas ion bombardment was considered [22]. Amongst other

• contamination-free surface could be confirmed. The samples were sputtered with a IQE 10 ion source (SPECS GmbH, Berlin, Germany) using Ar and Ne gas (purity: 4.5, Linde plc, Dublin, Ireland and Westfalen AG, Münster, Germany). The pressure in the vacuum chamber was maintained at a constant level of 5 × 10−5

• approximately 0.3 eV below the Fermi level. The results presented in Figure 1 are largely consistent with previous studies on the subject of sputtering MoS2 surfaces: Both Ne+ and Ar+ ion bombardment of MoS2 have been reported to cause changes in the electronic structure [19][20]. However, depending on the gas

Interface-engineered Caco-2 cell culture on a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface in a microfluidic device

• Satoru Kuriu and
• Soo Hyeon Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 760–768, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.53

• attractive due to their chemical inertness, immiscibility with aqueous media, and high gas solubility [11], making them well suited for multiphase microfluidic applications. In this study, we propose a novel microfluidic cell culture system by utilizing a collagen-coated liquid–liquid interface that serves

Tailoring Ag–Pt nanoalloys through solid-state dewetting: structural and optical insights

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Piotr Okoczuk,
• Blaž Grobiša,
• Ewa Pawlikowska,
• Amelia Rozwadowska,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 748–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.52

• to its high gas-absorption capacity, making it highly relevant for catalytic applications. According to phase diagrams, bulk Ag–Pt bimetallic systems exhibit a large miscibility gap at temperatures below approximately 1190 °C, allowing alloy formation only at very high atomic concentrations of either

• macroscale. This is particularly important when considering potential applications of such nanoalloys, for instance, in catalysis or nanosensing. The Ag–Pt system is particularly noteworthy because of its high gas absorption capacity, making it highly relevant for catalytic applications. In this study, a

• focused ion beam (FIB) lift-out technique. For this purpose, a dual-beam Thermo Fisher Scientific Helios 5 UX scanning electron microscope equipped with a Phoenix Ga+ ion column was used. Prior to sample preparation, the particles were coated with a protective carbon layer using a gas injection system

Oxidative atmosphere-driven formation of single-phase spinel CuRh₂O₄ nanofibers for alkaline water oxidation

• Namhee Kim,
• Sumin Ko,
• Sohyeon Choi,
• Seoyoon Jang,
• Myung Hwa Kim and
• Dasol Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 737–743, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.50

• concentration in the He carrier gas flow during the annealing process, the optimal atmosphere was identified to produce phase-pure CuRh2O4. The as-prepared CuRh2O4 nanofibers exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance toward the oxygen evolution reaction in 1.0 M NaOH (aq), highlighting the importance of

• 10 μL·min−1 with an applied voltage of 17 kV. Finally, the electrospun metal precursor/PVP nanofibers were calcined at 850 °C for 1 h with a heating rate of 10 °C·min−1 under a continuous mixed gas flow of O2 and He with controlled O2 concentrations (5.6%, 11.1%, and 22.2%). Physicochemical

Environmental applications of silver nanoparticles: state-of-the-art review and emerging trends

• Soni Prajapati,
• Akash Kumar and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 697–736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.49

• five transduction modalities, including colourimetric/UV–vis LSPR, SERS, electrochemical, fluorometric, and gas sensing, covering a broad range of analytes considered as environmental pollutants. Key challenges, including nanoparticle aggregation, long-term colloidal instability, synthesis

• using an Ag-modified (CeO2–Al2O3) nanocomposite, achieving oxidation rates of 96% and 98%, respectively. Additionally, the reaction selectivity exceeded 97%. The relative humidity enhanced gas-phase photolysis in the presence of UV [168]. Bifunctional zeolite-Ag catalysts (ZSM-5||Ag/γ-Al2O3) showed 100

Fractional shot noise of an SU(N) Kondo system

• Damian Krychowski and
• Stanisław Lipiński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 515–540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.34

• systems. We address our calculations to multilevel two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) quantum dots [49] and to single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotube QDs [50][51]. It is worth mentioning that these symmetries are of a fundamental nature and concern systems from various, sometimes very distant

• interacting fermions at low temperatures. The starting point is a non-interacting Fermi gas. We keep the considerations at a microscopic level and assume that the noninteracting quasiparticles are defined within the SBMFA formalism. Elastic scattering off the many-body Kondo singlet and weak interaction of

Probing internal continua and atomic ultrafast charge transfer within size-controlled nanoparticles by post-collision interaction in core-hole clock spectroscopy

• Johannes Lütgert,
• Erika Giangrisostomi,
• Nomi L. A. N. Sorgenfrei and
• Alexander Föhlisch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 505–514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.33

•  1b, yields the charge transfer time in relation to the core-hole lifetime based on a model of independent exponential decay [20][21]. The validity and capabilities of the CHC approach was demonstrated across various sample systems, including gas adsorbates on surfaces [22][23], two-dimensional

• , molecules, and gas-phase systems, leading to successful theoretical descriptions [36][37]. While these approaches allow one to derive the line shapes solely based on the kinematics of electron–electron interactions, the situation is more complex in condensed matter. The overall electron distribution can

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• and temperature) over a wide range. An alternative, and possibly more accessible for monolayer materials, is to control defect concentrations by post-growth processing in controlled atmosphere of chalcogens (or other volatile components of 2D materials) and temperatures. Equilibration of the gas phase

• . Moreover, 2D materials are known to oxidize when exposed to oxygen gas and water [52][53]. The reaction of molecular oxygen with the surfaces of 2D materials has attracted significant interest [54]. The reaction barrier for O2 dissociation on a TMD surface is almost halved comparing a pristine surface with

• experiments were able to create extended lattices of CO molecules on Cu(111), whereby, for instance, the surface-state free electron gas could be transformed into an electronic structure mimicking the one of graphene [154]. Also, precise manipulation at large scale (thousands of defects) for vacancies in a

Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• calorimeter (Shimadzu DSC-60), at a heating rate of 10 °C/min, from room temperature to 300 °C. N2 gas was used at a flow rate of 50 mL/min. All film components (chitosan, CMC and alginate), as well as the resulting films (FC-NC and FC) were analysed separately. Skin adhesion measurements Bioadhesion tests of

• . Nevertheless, residual solvent determination represents an important quality attribute for translation and regulatory purposes. Future studies will include validated headspace gas chromatography analysis in accordance with official guidelines to quantitatively assess residual solvents in the final formulation

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• ) into the pipe and carried inside the hot area of the furnace by the gas mixture with the addition of acetylene (20 sccm). In the hot area, the precursor dissociated, and the CNTs started growing. The process was stopped after 30 min. The system was then allowed to cool down to room temperature. The

• pipe during the growth process. (3) The pressure of the gas mixture (argon, acetylene, and hydrogen at 200, 80, and 100 sccm, respectively) was higher than that adopted for the growth of the CNT film. (4) The process duration was 2 h. After cooling down the system, the reaction products were directly

Beam shaping techniques for pulsed laser ablation in liquids: Unlocking tunable control of nanoparticle synthesis in liquids

• Sergio Molina-Prados,
• Nadezhda M. Bulgakova,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov,
• Jesus Lancis,
• Gladys Mínguez Vega and
• Carlos Doñate-Buendia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 309–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.22

• , heating, and evaporation of the material, leading to plasma formation. The plasma cools down in the surrounding liquid releasing nanoparticles (NPs) into the liquid; the cooling process also generates gas bubbles from the liquid environment. These gas bubbles nucleate, forming a cavitation bubble (CB

• indeed eco-friendly and offer advantages like low toxicity and reduced environmental impact; however, they generally offer less control over NP properties. Moreover, other physical methods such as milling, pyrolysis, sputtering, and arc discharge, or gas-phase processes such as flame spray pyrolysis or

• gas aggregation are highly scalable and productive, though they typically require high temperatures or vacuum systems and may offer limited control over surface chemistry. Compared with these approaches, PLAL provides high-purity colloids with reduced impurities and byproducts, even allowing for

Advancing nanolithography: a comprehensive review of materials for local anodic oxidation with AFM

• Matteo Lorenzoni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 275–291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.19

• graphene or boron nitride, authors of [23] have shown how reaction by-products are efficiently removed, escaping as gas (i.e., CO2 in the case of graphene). The resulting patterns exhibit excellent quality with minimal defects (Figure 3e,f). However, a potential drawback is the use of Au-coated tips under

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• , scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen gas sorption surface area analysis using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory were employed to evaluate the surface structure, porosity, and overall texture of the materials. The SEM image in Figure 2a reveals the typical structure of AC, characterized by

• loading exhibited no catalytic activity. Conversion rates and yields of the reaction were determined by gas chromatography (GC) using calibration curves of the starting material and the product (see Supporting Information File 1). The amount of supported gold in the composite was calculated by assuming

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• substrate, depending on processing conditions employed and the chemical species present on the surface. This has implications for the gas permeation barrier properties of this material, graphene transfer mechanisms, as well as the effectiveness of using the oxidation of the copper foil as a rapid graphene

• diffusion of material present in the copper foil before growth [36][37], which could lead to variations in the properties of graphene once transferred from the Cu foil to an alternative substrate. We also explore the gas permeation properties of the CVD graphene on Cu [38] by examining the oxygen detected

• evidence of the substrate Cu signal, specifically the signal related to Cu oxide. The gas permeation barrier properties of graphene are well known [47][48], and as such it is possible to compare the level of oxidation of the Cu foil after graphene growth by comparing the regions where the Cu surface is

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• calculations at r.t. for dimer formation reactions reveal that, from the thermodynamic point of view, the formation of a–d dimers is possible, the reactions are characterized by negative values of Gibbs energies ranging from −24.3 to −9.3 kcal·mol−1 in the gas phase, and from −10.8 to −3.7 kcal·mol−1 in

• ΔEel, ΔEth, PΔV (work term), and ΔS between the products and reactants were used to evaluate the gas-phase free energy of the supramolecular complex formation/aggregation, ΔG1, at T = 298.15 K according to: Solvation effects were accounted for by employing the solvation model based on density (SMD) [31

• ] as implemented in Gaussian 09 suite of programs [32]. Single-point calculations were performed at the ωB97XD/6-31+G(d,p) level in the gas phase (ε = 1) and in chloroform (ε = 5) for the corresponding structures optimized at the ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p) level (ωB97XD/6-31+G(d,p)//ωB97XD/6-31G(d,p

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• applied for thermogravimetric analysis. The measurement was performed in an inert gas flow. The heating rate in this experiment was set to 3 °C/min with a final temperature of 800 °C. The sample was cut to fit the platinum pan. Elemental combustion analysis A LECO O836 analyzer was utilized to determine

• postulate that the gas release was rather a continuous phenomenon, driven by the heating process. The exposition of the flake edges and paths resulting from the removal of the gaseous products can be beneficial regarding the electrode design for cells operating liquid or gel electrolytes, ensuring improved

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• of copper nanoparticles to silicon substrates deposited under varying conditions using DC magnetron sputter inert gas condensation. Atomic force microscopy was utilized as a tool for the manipulation of the nanoparticles and to measure lateral forces for their displacement, with cantilever

• NPs, deposited using different landing conditions, and a Si substrate. Cu NPs were synthesized via magnetron sputter inert gas condensation at different applied substrate bias voltages to vary their kinetic energy during landing at the substrate, thereby influencing their adhesion properties. AFM was

• were plasma-cleaned in a Diener electronic Tetra 30 system at a N2 pressure of 50 Pa for 20 min. Immediately after plasma cleaning, the substrates were loaded in the NP deposition chamber. The NP deposition experiments were conducted using DC magnetron sputter inert gas condensation in a Moorfield

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• phototoxicity [38]. The ladder-like energy level structure of Ln3+ ions enable efficient photon UC of near-infrared (NIR) light, even with moderate excitation intensities (1–103 W·cm−2) attainable with gas-based lamps or continuous wave lasers [39]. Temperature measurements using Ln3+-doped nanomaterials have

• 100 µL of UCNPs in a round-bottomed flask. The resulting mixture was then evaporated under a constant flow of N2 gas while stirring in a circular motion for 30 min. After solvent evaporation, 2 mL of Milli-Q water were added to the flask for rehydration overnight at 4 °C. The resulting water

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• proven itself for many times both in laboratory and in real-life conditions. The terahertz SIS-mixer integrated on the same chip with the LO based on a flux-flow oscillator (FFO) and a receiving antenna [13] was used to study the irradiation of the human body [15], gas spectroscopy [16], and the

• atmosphere gas components at the TELIS mission on board of the stratospheric balloon [17]. However, the LO based on FFO has some problems yet to be solved. The operation frequency of the FFO is limited by the gap frequency of the superconducting niobium that forms one or both of its electrodes [18

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• dimannose groups. The increased water adsorption of dimanno-AuNPs, compared to the well-studied PEG AuNPs, makes them candidates for gas sensing applications. Sensors are usually kept dry and then become hydrated in standard environments. Whenever dry conditions are problematic, our study suggests testing

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• samples from the environment makes nanoscale plastics yet another challenge. Sophisticated methods such as thermal extraction desorption (TED) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) are now routinely used to detect these particles. But these methods involve a lot of expertise and equipment. The

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• poor physicochemical and organoleptic properties. This study aimed to develop and optimize a topical microemulsion (ME) system incorporating P. setacea seed oil using quality by design principles to address formulation challenges. The oil was extracted via Soxhlet and characterized by gas

• ), followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. The relative composition of fatty acids is presented in Table 1, and the corresponding chromatogram is provided in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1). The major constituents identified in OPS were linoleic acid (64.69

• , the organic (n-hexane) layer was collected and washed three times with saturated NaCl solution to remove residual reagents. A 200 µL aliquot of the organic phase was then dried at room temperature in pre-weighted vials. FAME quantification was performed using a gas chromatograph (GC Agilent 8860