Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• penetration imaging capability and is sensitive to the neovascular system and irregular vascular networks (blood contains the endogenous PAI contrast agent hemoglobin) [181][182][183]. The working principle of PAI is to use a short-pulse laser to irradiate eye tissue or contrast agent, resulting in rapid

• example, blood flow, oxygen saturation, oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, oxygen metabolism, and melanin concentration [187][188]. The main limitations of PAI are the slower imaging speed and the decreasing resolution as the depth of imaging is increased [189]. The use of contrast agents can improve

• corneal neovascularization and a thicker cornea due to inflammation and edema. A bimodal PAI system consisting of exogenous contrast agents (AuPt-ICG [204], R-s-ICG [205]) combined with endogenous contrast agents (hemoglobin [206]) helps to enhance photoacoustic imaging. The system allows for real-time

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• hemoglobin that had been liberated. Controls for zero hemolysis (blank) and 100% hemolysis consisted of hRBCs suspended in PBS and distilled water, respectively. The experiments were repeated three times. Hemagglutination test Human erythrocytes of blood groups II and IV were utilized in the study. The

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• plasma concentration was determined based on in vitro experiments found in the literature using animal blood [30][31]. In such experiments, mouse blood is diluted in PBS to obtain a concentration of 10 mg·mL–1 of hemoglobin. Generally, to achieve this concentration the blood must be diluted to a

• μL of supernatant was removed from each tube and transferred to a 96-well plate. The supernatant hemoglobin quantification was done by measuring the absorbance of the solution (540 nm) with a microplate reader (Thermo, Multiskan GO model). Deionized water (900 μL) and RBC stock suspension (100 μL

• ASTM standard E2524-08 (Standard test method for analyzing the hemolytic properties of nanoparticles) [30][36]. Briefly, the total hemoglobin concentration of heparinized blood was measured using the cyanomethemoglobin method (EIAHGBC, Thermo Scientific), based on an analytical curve of hemoglobin

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• Na2CO3 solutions in the presence of albumin [26][27]. This approach has been shown to have high effectiveness for entrapping various biopolymers (e.g., proteins and hemoglobin) into carbonate particles before dissolving with EDTA to obtain pure biopolymer submicron particles. The CCD technique is a

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• 6000, Bulgaria 10.3762/bjnano.14.85 Abstract Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) as blood substitutes are one of the great hopes of modern transfusion and emergency medicine. After the major safety-relevant challenges of the last decades seem to be largely overcome, current developments have in

• common that they are affected by degradation and excretion at an early stage in test organisms. Several possible mechanisms that may be responsible for this are discussed in the literature. One of them is CD163, the receptor of the complex of haptoglobin (Hp) and hemoglobin (Hb). The receptor has been

• shown in various studies to have a direct affinity for Hb in the absence of Hp. Thus, it seems reasonable that CD163 could possibly also bind Hb within HBOCs and cause phagocytosis of the particles. In this work we investigated the role of CD163 in the uptake of our hemoglobin sub-micron particles

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• , hemolytic activity could be caused by several reasons, including the ageing of the blood sample after 48 h of incubation with the concomitant release of hemoglobin, but also by the presence of surfactants that could destabilized the erythrocyte membrane [47]. On the other hand, the differences between NLC

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• . These nanodots served as fluorophore in the inner filter effect (IFE) sensing platform to detect tetracycline in pharmaceutical doses [76]. Highly water-soluble and blue emitting CDs were synthesized from hemoglobin by Chakraborty et al., which can be used to detect H2O2 [117]. Food materials Different

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• this knowledge gap by evaluating formulation trends in SPNPs prepared by EHD jetting based on a series of carrier proteins and protein blends (hemoglobin, transferrin, mucin, or insulin). In general, blended SPNPs presented uniform populations with minimum diameters between 43 and 65 nm. Size

• proteins with specific biological functions, such as transferrin, insulin, albumin, mucin, or hemoglobin, may represent powerful candidates as next-generation biologics. The EHD jetting process is influenced by a number of governing principles, such as viscosity and dielectric constant of the premixture

• Discussion Single-protein SPNPs A range of SPNP formulations were prepared via EHD jetting from hemoglobin (HEM), transferrin (TF), mucin (MUC), insulin (INS), and human serum albumin (HSA) (Figure 1a). Generally, dilute solutions of a protein at 10% (w/v) in a 9:1 (v/v) mixture of water and ethanol were

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• /bjnano.13.8 Abstract Hemoglobin microparticles (HbMP) produced with a three-step procedure, including coprecipitation of hemoglobin with manganese carbonate, protein cross-linking, and dissolution of the carbonate template were shown to be suitable for application as artificial oxygen carriers. First

• preclinical safety investigations delivered promising results. Bacterial safety plays a decisive role during the production of HbMP. Therefore, the bioburden and endotoxin content of the starting materials (especially hemoglobin) and the final particle suspension are intensively tested. However, some bacteria

• of HbMP. It was shown that both chemicals prevent bacterial growth at the concentrations used during HbMP fabrication. In addition, the particle production was carried out with hemoglobin solutions spiked with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus epidermidis. No living bacteria could be detected in the

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• adverse interactions with hemoglobin [13]. Magnetic spinel ferrites nanoparticles (MSFNPs) with a general formula of MFe2O4 (where M = divalent cation of Co, Ni, Zn, Mn, or Mg) are soft magnetic materials with a face-centered cubic structure [14]. Among those, cobalt ferrite NPs have a large

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• biocompatibility of nanocarriers [23]. Analysis of hemoglobin released from RBCs after incubation in a suspension of PSS-GNRs showed less than 20% hemolysis at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL (Figure 4b). The experiments revealed a good biocompatibility of PSS-GNRs, which was quantified by the concentration of

• hemoglobin in the supernatant of GNPs-RBCs mixture by monitoring absorbance intensity at 570 nm. The absence of a marked hemotoxicity of this sample is mainly related to the presence of the polymer. The GNR surface had no direct contact with the RBCs because it was completely passivated by the PSS coating

• suspension at 37 °C in CO2 incubator for 4 h. 0.2% Triton X-100 was used as positive control and PBS was taken as negative control [41]. After incubation, 50 μL of 2.5% glutaraldehyde was added to the sample in order to stop the process of hemolysis and centrifuged at 1000g for 10 min. Hemoglobin release was

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• metabolized and incorporated into hemoglobin during the first 1–2 days after injection, with a peak ranging from 5 to 40 days after injection [170]. Iron becomes toxic only when the liver iron concentration exceeds 4 g Fe/kg wet weight [37], while the normal content of iron in the rat liver is 123 μg Fe/g wet

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• and high biocompatibility. SPIONs are metabolized in the lysosomes into a soluble non-superparamagnetic form or iron. Then, iron ions join the iron pool in the blood and can be incorporated by erythrocytes as part of hemoglobin [21][183]. However, the concern about serious anaphylactic reactions, the

Serum type and concentration both affect the protein-corona composition of PLGA nanoparticles

• Katrin Partikel,
• Robin Korte,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Hans-Ulrich Humpf and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1002–1015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.101

• File 1) [35]. In contrast, we identified hemoglobin subunits exclusively in the corona derived from incubation with FBS (Figure 6 and Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). Systemically administered NPs can interact with circulating blood cells resulting in an erythrocyte aggregation that is in many

• cases accompanied by hemoglobin release. Hemoglobin adsorbs to NP surfaces and therefore facilitates phagocytosis by macrophages [36]. The LC–MS/MS results are consistent with the data presented in Figures 2–4, leading us to the assumption that the origin of the protein source plays a crucial role in

Comparative study of sculptured metallic thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition at different temperatures

• Susann Liedtke,
• Christoph Grüner,
• Jürgen W. Gerlach and
• Bernd Rauschenbach

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 954–962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.89

• , such thin films are the basis for surface enhanced Raman sensors, which are highly sensitive in the detection of environmental toxics [2] or glycated hemoglobin [3]. It has also been shown that highly porous metallic thin films can be used to improve the electrode’s performance for applications in fuel

Optical techniques for cervical neoplasia detection

• Tatiana Novikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1844–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.186

• parameters are linked to the size and density of the scatterers, total hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Hb saturation with oxygen, which can be used as optical markers to assess and grade CIN lesion. The principle of using diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy for tissue diagnostics is

• thickness of epithelial layer), (iv) the spectral dependence of the absorption of light by non-fluorescent chromophores such as hemoglobin. Weingandt et al. [52] observed a similarity of autofluorescence response from zones of severe inflammation and of CIN. This made the diagnostics difficult and led to an

Three-in-one approach towards efficient organic dye-sensitized solar cells: aggregation suppression, panchromatic absorption and resonance energy transfer

• Jayita Patwari,
• Samim Sardar,
• Bo Liu,
• Peter Lemmens and
• Samir Kumar Pal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1705–1713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.171

• occurring and biologically active macrocyclic compounds, e.g. hemoglobin and chlorophyll. The absorption of PPIX in DMSO is shown in Figure 1c, where the highest intensity peak appearing at 407 nm is due to the Soret band and the other four lower intensity peaks at 509, 542, 578 and 630 nm are the Q-bands

Anticancer efficacy of a supramolecular complex of a 2-diethylaminoethyl–dextran–MMA graft copolymer and paclitaxel used as an artificial enzyme

• Yasuhiko Onishi,
• Yuki Eshita,
• Rui-Cheng Ji,
• Masayasu Onishi,
• Takashi Kobayashi,
• Masaaki Mizuno,
• Jun Yoshida and
• Naoji Kubota

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2293–2307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.238

• allosteric properties of these supramolecular assemblies resemble those of enzyme–substrate interactions. For hemoglobin, oxygen acts as an effector and as the substrate. Binding of the molecule to the allosteric binding site on one subunit enhances the affinity of the other binding sites by inducing

In vitro and in vivo interactions of selected nanoparticles with rodent serum proteins and their consequences in biokinetics

• Wolfgang G. Kreyling,
• Stefanie Fertsch-Gapp,
• Martin Schäffler,
• Blair D. Johnston,
• Nadine Haberl,
• Christian Pfeiffer,
• Jörg Diendorf,
• Carsten Schleh,
• Stephanie Hirn,
• Manuela Semmler-Behnke,
• Matthias Epple and
• Wolfgang J. Parak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1699–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.180

• proteins were identified on the three differently sized AuNP: 17 different proteins on the 5 nm AuNP, 17 on the 15 nm AuNP and 5 individual proteins on the 80 nm AuNP (Table 2). Proteins which were detected at least twice on each of all three differently sized AuNP were hemoglobin (oxygen transporter

• ; Thbs1: thrombospondin 1; HPX: hemopexin; Apoh: apolipoprotein H; Apob: apolipoprotein B; Serping1: serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor; Apoa1: apolipoprotein A1; C4b: complement component 4b; Hbb-b1: hemoglobin, beta adult major chain; Plg: plasminogen; Cfb: complement factor b; Kng1: kininogen 1

Protein-coated pH-responsive gold nanoparticles: Microwave-assisted synthesis and surface charge-dependent anticancer activity

• Dickson Joseph,
• Nisha Tyagi,
• Christian Geckeler and
• Kurt E.Geckeler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1452–1462, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.158

• the properties of the AuNPs. In this regard, eight different proteins with diverse molecular weights, isoelectric points, and functions were chosen (Table 1) and used in the studies. The optimum experimental conditions for the preparation of AuNPs were standardized by choosing bovine hemoglobin (BHG

• histone (HIS), chicken egg white lysozyme (LYS), ovalbumin (OVA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), bovine hemoglobin (BHG), bovine gamma globulin (BGG), glucose oxidase (Aspergillus niger) (GOX), and trypsin (porcine pancreas, TRY), used for the experiments were obtained from Sigma (USA) as a lyophilized