Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• with ion-assisted deposition followed by high-temperature annealing. This highlights the unique and valuable contribution of our research, as such comprehensive studies are not currently available. Experimental Titanium dioxide optical thin film coatings were prepared by electron beam evaporation with

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• had a smectic crystal phase that had a tilted chromophore (the part that gives the molecule its color) at 45° from the layer normal. This tilted chromophore caused a macroscopic polarization (a change in the electric field) when a direct current (DC) bias was applied during cooling from a high

• -temperature phase to a smectic crystal phase. By contrast, the other diastereomer exhibited a smectic crystal phase in which the chromophore was parallel to the layer normal and no macroscopic polarization was induced. Bulk photovoltaic effects and polarization-induced electroluminescence were exclusively

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• Mineralogy, SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.67 Abstract Controlling high-temperature graphitization

• ]. The obtained films were about 500 μm thick. Synthetic SCD were produced using high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) method on a BARS apparatus [54]. The starting materials included a graphite rod (99.99% purity), a Ni0.7Fe0.3 alloy as a solvent catalyst, and a synthetic diamond (≈0.5 mm) as a seed

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• /Si substrates in a two-zone quartz reactor. The substrate was placed in the high-temperature zone and annealed there at 423 K for 30 min in an argon flow of 250 sccm. Then, this zone was heated to 873 K. 200 mg of sulfur powder (99.9% purity) were placed in a quartz crucible in the low-temperature

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• metal and X can be Si, Ge or Al) have gained attention because of their magneto-structural phase transition at low temperatures. As ternary alloys, these materials undergo a magnetic and structural transition from a low-temperature orthorhombic TiNiSi-type structure to a high-temperature hexagonal Ni2In

• immiscibility under equilibrium conditions, which leads to elemental segregation and phase separation [35]. Additionally, standard near-equilibrium heating methods are not suitable for synthesizing CCA NPs because of inherent thermodynamic limitations [36]. While high-temperature synthesis techniques have been

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• mechanism is suggested for the formation of FeS. First, the FeS2 target may effectively absorb the laser light upon ablation, reach a high temperature, and split into Fe2+ and S22− ions. The presence of FeS in the target is also another reason for favoring this phase change. In the meantime, the surrounding

• solution (IPA or DMF, the solvent used) is rapidly heated and causes the partial reduction of S1− (in S22−) to S2−. The ions in the high-temperature bubble might have reacted quickly to form FeS nanoparticles. Zhou et al. explains a similar mechanism while describing the formation of Cu1.4S from Cu(acac)2

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• inset of Figure 5a). In some recent works, the formation of a Cr–O–Cl surface phase [8][10] was characterized by the presence of a low-binding-energy component for Cl 2p at 198 eV (Figure 5b), albeit for a high degree of oxidation at high temperature in air, which we do not observe here, and a low

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• nitride system TaNx can be an insulator, semiconductor, or superconductor and also can exhibit a variety of crystallographic phases [8][9]. For example, Nie and collaborators mentioned that Ta2N thin films presented a high-temperature coefficient of resistance, and resistors using this material as a

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• lower than the peak intensity of pure APT during XRD analysis. Therefore, it was concluded that APT dispersed in a SLN was converted to a physically stable amorphous form and distributed uniformly. The results show that APT in the SLN remained amorphous after exposure to the high temperature and

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• microcapsules, showed a reduction in the antioxidant activity of the formulation when compared to the oil alone. However, the authors defend the idea that the high temperature used in the process altered the compounds in the oil and reduced the antioxidant activity. In the microemulsion formulation in this

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• diameter of the CNFs increases as the equivalence ratio decreases, which eventually leads to the formation of amorphous carbon as observed at an equivalence ratio of 1.60. At an equivalence ratio of 1.6 in a high-temperature environment, the hydrocarbons dissociate to carbon atoms very rapidly. These free

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• tensile after annealing. Lee et al. [24] efficiently incorporated nitrogen ions into epitaxial Mo films, forming a buried superconducting layer. They deposited atomically flat epitaxial Mo(110) films on Al2O3(0001) substrates. Carreri et al. [25] investigated high-temperature (800–1200 °C) plasma-based

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• irradiating a solution containing metal ions with a high-intensity laser. It is simple and environmentally friendly, as it does not require reducing agents or high-temperature, high-pressure environments. In this method, nanoparticles are synthesized by reducing metal ions with short-lived radical species

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• medicine for gold [9][29], strengthened ceramics and steels for high-temperature applications for Y2O3 [45][46][47], and catalysis and energy storage for HEAs [48][49]. The produced NPs are compared with those obtained with Gaussian beams. The evolution of the PLAL-generated cavitation bubble dynamics was

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• these techniques are photon-based [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Even though they provide valuable insights, the development of surface-sensitive techniques that can image the catalyst at the atomic scale under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions remains crucial. In attempting to close the pressure gap

• ) under 0.5 bar of oxygen at 450 K was carried out using nc-AFM while simultaneously recording the electrical current signal of the formed oxide. Furthermore, we show high-temperature and high-pressure images just below our current temperature limit for an industrially relevant catalyst undergoing Fischer

• hall. The AFM/STM is contained in a high-pressure cell and sealed off from the UHV chamber by a Kalrez elastomer seal, which exhibits outstanding thermal stability and chemical resistance together with improved sealing performance in both high-pressure and high-temperature environments. Being in direct

Vortex lattices of layered HTSCs at different vortex–vortex interaction potentials

• Valerii P. Lenkov,
• Anastasia N. Maksimova,
• Anna N. Moroz and
• Vladimir A. Kashurnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 362–370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.27

• using the Monte Carlo method within the framework of a two-dimensional model of a layered high-temperature superconductor. Interaction potentials close to the potential applicable in superconductors with the Ginzburg–Landau parameter κ = 1/2 (intertype superconductors) and in ferromagnetic

• superconductors have been analyzed. Clustering of the vortex system is demonstrated. The melting of a vortex lattice with increasing temperature has been studied. Keywords: high-temperature superconductor; HTSC; intertype superconductors; Monte Carlo method; vortex lattice; vortex–vortex interaction potential

• the magnetic field penetrates the superconductor in the form of Abrikosov vortices [1]. In high-temperature superconductors (HTSCs), such as Y- and Bi-based cuprates, the vortex lattice is further complicated since these compounds have a layered structure [2][3][4][5][6]. The vortex filament in these

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• modification of the synthesized MOFs and allows for the synthesis of multifunctional frameworks [32][33][34][35]. Alternatively, MOFs can undergo post-synthetic modification to achieve similar functionalization without the risk of degrading functionalized linkers during high-temperature and high-pressure MOF

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• both HTL materials (Table 3 and Figure 3). The increase of the PCE with Cu2O signifies a better absorption of light with minimum reflection and, hence, increased carrier transportation across the interface. Cu2O is inorganic, and the high temperature leads to improved hole mobility and better charge

Orientation-dependent photonic bandgaps in gold-dust weevil scales and their titania bioreplicates

• Norma Salvadores Farran,
• Limin Wang,
• Primoz Pirih and
• Bodo D. Wilts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.1

• , during templating, it unfortunately introduces lattice breakage and shrinkage. Therefore, a calcination process at high temperatures is likely not the best option for pure titania [24], although it seems to work better for silica [18]. The replication process used here had a modestly high temperature

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• them to be used in high-temperature alloys and ceramics. Hf compounds are widely used in microelectronics because of their high dielectricity values [2]. In recent years, NPs derived from Hf have gained significant interest in biomedical fields because of their superior optical and thermal properties

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• chemical vapor deposition reactor for the growth of polycrystalline SiO2 [23]. Most of these models describe CVD reactors at low pressure and low temperature, but there are not enough models regarding CVD systems at high temperature (>800 K) and high pressure (atmospheric pressure). In this investigation

• , which are activated by an externally applied voltage generating a current; these filaments have a temperature of approximately 2300 K. The second zone includes the region where the chemical reactions takes place. Here, molecular hydrogen, exposed to the high temperature of the filaments, dissociates to

• the deposition time but not of the position. From the theoretical results, the temperature increases from 300 K at the substrate to 1000 K near the quartz sources, that is 3–5 mm away from the sources in the steady state. The results obtained show us that the HFCVD is a high-temperature system

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• thermistor region, can be fabricated in a single chemical vapor deposition process step. The thermistor resistance is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the adjacent aligned CNTs. This configuration also provides low lateral thermal conductivity and a high temperature coefficient of

• for non-cryogenic IR microbolometer technology, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have emerged as highly promising candidates [2] with broadband blackbody absorption [3], high resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation [4], low lateral thermal conductivity [5], a high temperature coefficient of resistance

• applications [3]. The device resistance perpendicular to the CNT orientation is mainly determined by the high junction resistances of the neighboring aligned CNTs [4]. This configuration allows for high device resistance, low thermal conductivity, and high temperature coefficient of resistance, thus, enabling

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• diameters of 2 and 8 nm are presented. A simple visual inspection confirms the formation of a multifaceted crystal surface at low temperature, while a smoother and uniform surface is seen at high temperature. The temperature dependence of the average coordination number as a function of the NP diameter is

• distribution, the obtained diffraction pattern predictions at high temperature share the same characteristics regardless of the NP diameter and the chemical constitution. We observe two pairs of peaks and valleys, which are rather broad and relatively wide. For the Au NPs, the peaks are located at roughly 40

• the NPs are amorphous. The diffraction patterns of the small NPs at 100 K are still similar to each other. They are also analogous to the patterns at high temperature, however, the peaks have become sharper, and a third distinct peak at roughly 135° is clear now. These findings support the idea that

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• trimesic acid [19]. These factors caused an immense rise in production cost. Further efforts were made to enhance both product quality and yield by using FeCl3·6H2O and iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3·9H2O) as iron precursors in a high-temperature reactor without HF and HNO3. The findings revealed

Elastic modulus of β-Ga₂O₃ nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques

• Annamarija Trausa,
• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Tauno Tiirats,
• Andreas Kyritsakis,
• Boris Polyakov and
• Edgars Butanovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58

• with Au nanoparticles (NPs, 100 nm of diameter, water suspension, Alfa Aesar) were positioned in a lower-temperature region 10 cm away from the furnace centre. Au NPs served as catalysts for the vapour–liquid–solid (VLS) growth mechanism. The reactor was heated to 1010 °C (high-temperature zone) under