Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• , inhibition of profibrogenic cytokine and growth factors secretion, and induction of ECM degradation [70]. A summary of liver-targeted delivery systems is shown in Table 1. Passive and active delivery strategies were combined by Luo and co-workers, who prepared silibinin–human serum albumin nanocrystals [71

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• thickness, Ce3+ concentration, and the resulting strain in ceria with specific surface orientation (100). Figure 2 was adapted with permission from [32]. Copyright 2023 American Chemical Society. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Percent injected dose (%ID) in blood of EaNA and Cy5-labeled human

• serum albumin (HSA). (b) Organ distribution of EeNA and HSA

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• and Ball [14] and Bergtold et al. [13], human serum albumin and other proteins play an important role in size control and stability of PDA NPs. Similarly, the stability of BSA/PDA NPs is probably due to BSA thanks to the strong PDA/KE interactions reported by Bergtold et al. This is supported by the

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• industrial manufacturing and application and has therefore attracted researchers [21]. Moreover, because of its various drug-binding sites, drugs can effectively be incorporated into the hydrophobic or hydrophilic core of albumin particles. It has been demonstrated that human serum albumin (HSA) acts as a

• effective delivery system, our second aim was to evaluate the cytotoxicity effect of CUR-HSA-MPs in vitro and determine cell uptake in MCF-7 cell line. Results and Discussion Preparation of CUR-loaded human serum albumin microparticles The preparation process of CUR-loaded human serum albumin microparticles

• effectively taken up by MCF-7 cells. The results indicate that the investigated carriers are a highly capable drug delivery system with potential chemotherapeutic applications. Experimental Materials CUR (98% purity, from Curcuma longa), albumin solution from human serum (100 g/L HSA in 0.14 M NaCl

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• chloride was purchased from B. Braun SE, Melsungen, Germany. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 10-fold solution was purchased from Fisher scientific, Fair Lawn, New Jersey, USA. Human serum albumin (Plasbumin®20) was purchased from Grifols Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Trypan blue 0.4

• technique previously described [24] has been followed: 0.5% bovine hemoglobin solution was mixed with 0.125 M MnCl2 solution. While stirring rapidly, 0.125 M Na2CO3 was added and stirred further for 30 s to let Hb–MnCO3 particles form. 20% human serum albumin (HSA) solution was added and allowed to incubate

• the case of our HbMPs containing human serum albumin, we assume that a conformational change within HSA might occur when the molecules are cross-linked by glutaraldehyde. Detection of this denatured protein by receptors of phagocytic cells would also be conceivable in this case to explain CD204’s part

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• increased the binding affinity of the NPs to bind to the Zika virus NS1 [84]. In contrast, Dai et al. examined the effect of protein corona formation on the targeting ability of silica-poly(methacrylic acid)-PEG-AntiHER2 NPs. They demonstrated that a protein corona from human serum affects the NPs surface

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

•  5) with viabilities higher than 70% for HeLa cells are promising candidates for gene therapy (e.g., gene vaccines). Protein binding on PLGA nanoparticles prepared from nanoemulsions has also been studied [62]. After incubation with human serum, afamin was one of the specific proteins bound to PLGA

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• + doping. The fluorescence was restored after further adding ascorbic acid (AA) based on a redox reaction. A rapid detection method for Fe3+ and AA was established and successfully used to detect Fe3+ and AA in human serum. The DMT-AuAgNCs were successfully prepared using 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol (DMT

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• serum albumin (SA) [31]. They evaluated the detection efficiencies of ten enantiomers, which were tetrahydronaphthylamine (TNA), 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (4-MPEA), 1-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethylamine (3-MPEA), 2-octanol (2-OT), and methyl lactate (MEL). The fixation of BSA and human serum albumin (HSA

DNA aptamer selection and construction of an aptasensor based on graphene FETs for Zika virus NS1 protein detection

• Nathalie B. F. Almeida,
• Thiago A. S. L. Sousa,
• Viviane C. F. Santos,
• Camila M. S. Lacerda,
• Thais G. Silva,
• Rafaella F. Q. Grenfell,
• Flavio Plentz and
• Antero S. R. Andrade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 873–881, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.78

• ZIKV NS1 compared to NS1 of DENV and YFV. Furthermore, graphene field-effect transistor devices functionalized with ZIKV60 exhibit an evident identification of NS1 protein diluted in human serum. These results point to the applicability of biosensors based on the ZIKV60 aptamer for the differential

• characterization, the selectivity of this aptamer towards ZIKV NS1 protein diluted in human serum. The functionalized graphene devices exhibit an evident recognition of NS1 ranging from 0.01 to 100 pg/mL. As a result, the efficiency of our functionalization protocol in combination with the distinguished

• B2902A Precision Source/Measure Unit, immediately after the functionalization process. The source–drain bias was fixed at 1 mV, and we applied the gate voltage via a gold electrode in contact with 100 mM PBS or human serum. PBS was used as electrolyte for validation of the graphene functionalization with

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• (carcinoembryonic antigen and α-fetoprotein), achieving a detection limit of 1 pg/mL in human serum [51]. The authors, however, could not explain the mechanism responsible for enhanced fluorescence signals in the presence of ZnO nanosubstrates. There are works that studied the mechanism of fluorescence enhancement

Systematic studies into uniform synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Nahal Habibi,
• Ava Mauser,
• Jeffery E. Raymond and
• Joerg Lahann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 274–283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.22

• , particularly as a combination therapy [10]. To leverage the endogenous properties of albumin, nab technology uses a high-pressure manufacturing process to force hydrophobic drugs into the internal hydrophobic pockets of human serum albumin (HSA) [11]. This leads to the formation of albumin-bound, paclitaxel

• Discussion Single-protein SPNPs A range of SPNP formulations were prepared via EHD jetting from hemoglobin (HEM), transferrin (TF), mucin (MUC), insulin (INS), and human serum albumin (HSA) (Figure 1a). Generally, dilute solutions of a protein at 10% (w/v) in a 9:1 (v/v) mixture of water and ethanol were

• electrohydrodynamic co-jetting method will likely involve setups with multiple parallel jets [34]. Experimental Materials Recombinant human serum albumin was purchased from InVitria. Mucin from porcine stomach, human transferrin, human hemoglobin, recombinant human insulin, and O,O′-bis[2-(N-succinimidylsuccinylamino

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• shell for the selective and rapid capture of peptides from human serum and urine samples [17]. Many studies have been published on using TiO2 nanotubes as photoelectrochemical glucose sensors for health purposes [18][19][20]. The present review focuses on contemporary research of TiO2 nanoparticles and

Bacterial safety study of the production process of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

• Axel Steffen,
• Yu Xiong,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Ulrich Kalus and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 114–126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.8

• modifications [5][6]. Thus, it was possible to immobilize vitamin B2 (riboflavin) in these particles together with human serum albumin (HSA). This resulted in a drug delivery system with good hemocompatibility and release of riboflavin over a prolonged period [7]. In addition, HSA microparticles could be loaded

• , Bernburg, Germany; aqua ad iniectabilia (Ampuwa) from Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany, and sodium chloride (NaCl) from B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany. Human serum albumin, 200 g/L, Baxalta was obtained from Takeda Pharma Vertrieb GmbH & Co. KG, Berlin, Germany. EDTA, PBS

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• human serum albumin (HSA), fibrinogen and immunoglobulin (IgG), metallothionein (MT), and ceruloplasmin (CP), forming a protein corona (PC) during silver homeostasis [121][122]. The PC is a highly dynamic system and its composition dynamically changes over time, undergoing various transformations until

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• vaccines [5][6]. Significant advances in self-assembled PNPs via protein engineering techniques have also been observed [7][8]. PNPs have successfully reached the clinic with nab-paclitaxel (Abraxane®), a PNP made of human serum albumin, which is being used for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer

Key for crossing the BBB with nanoparticles: the rational design

• Sonia M. Lombardo,
• Marc Schneider,
• Akif E. Türeli and
• Nazende Günday Türeli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 866–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.72

• (e.g., human serum albumin) [28], gold nanoparticles [29] and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles [30]. This review aims to summarize (i) the different pathways to cross the BBB, (ii) the strategies that can be employed to increase nanoparticle BBB permeation without disrupting the BBB, as well

Luminescent gold nanoclusters for bioimaging applications

• Nonappa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 533–546, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.42

• importantly, the Au-BSA NCs are stable under ambient conditions and retain their PL even after drying (Figure 1G,H) allowing for long-term storage [64]. Several other proteins including lysozyme, human serum albumin (HSA) and insulin have been used to prepare inherently luminescent AuNCs [65][66][67][68][69

• are presented. In each section representative early examples along with the recent examples are discussed. Biosensing and imaging of pathogens Chan et al. reported human serum albumin (HSA)-stabilized gold NCs (Au-HSA) for sensing Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus

• : glutathione; NAC: N-acetylcysteine; MTU: 5-methyl-2-thiouracil). D) Structures of biomolecular ligands (HSA: human serum albumin, PDB ID IE78; BSA: bovine serum albumin, PDB ID 3VO3, and Lys: lysozyme, PDB ID 3WUN). E) Schematic representation showing Au-BSA NC synthesis. F) Absorbance and fluorescence

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• of 100 nm silica nanoparticles incubated with human serum were found to interact with their corresponding receptors, low-density lipoprotein receptor and Fc-gamma receptor I, respectively [17]. Similarly, lipid nanoparticles were efficiently targeted to the hepatocytes upon adsorption of apoE on

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• , the porphyrin photosensitizer was released and the size of the nanoobjects in solution increased (Figure 5d) [77]. For a combined photodynamic therapy/photothermal therapy (PDT/PTT) approach, indocyanine green (ICG) has been encapsulated in a protein, namely human serum albumin. First human serum

• ® use endogenous proteins such as human serum albumin (HSA) to take care of the drug traffic. In the case of PS and PDT, a first example has been described after a structural optimization of the PS (modified indocyanine) [131]. It is also noteworthy that human serum albumin has also been used in another

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• of the clumping of AuNP-siRNA, we used the known property of albumin to increase the dispersion of AuNP suspensions [29]. We added 3% human serum albumin (HSA) (corresponding to 10% serum commonly used in the cell cultivation) to samples ×1 and ×10 (freshly prepared and stored for one or eight days

• . Experimental Materials and methods We used RNA phosphoramidite synthons, dithiothreitol (DTT), sodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, USA); Cy-5.5 phosphoramidite (Primetech, Belarus); aurum hydrochloric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O, Aurat, Russia); human serum albumin (HSA, Reanal, Hungary); sodium chloride

• , storage for one day; 2, storage for eight days. Clusters of AuNP-siRNA in samples ×10 after two (A), three (В), and four (С) weeks. The same samples after the addition of 3% human serum albumin (HSA) in the DMEM medium (D, E, F). D–F – contrasting with uranyl acetate. Scale bars correspond to 100 nm. Data