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Search for "in situ" in Full Text gives 508 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54
- beamline at Elettra is capable of in situ and operando analysis regardless of sample morphology. The review presents three different case studies illustrating the capabilities of SPEM in the investigation of catalytic materials in different conditions and processes. Keywords: nanostructured materials
- combining XPS, submicron spatial resolution, and chemical imaging capabilities. The instrument hosted at the Elettra synchrotron research center, in operation since 1993, has been recently upgraded to fulfil the increasingly demanding needs of in situ and operando experiments. The examples of materials
High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53
- deposition chamber, and a turbo pump was used to pump the gas out during film deposition. The films were transferred to the analysis chamber to characterize them in situ by XPS. Varying the N2 pressure, pN2, in the chamber and analyzing the films, we obtained TaN thin films at 90 mTorr of N2. XPS data were
Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in CdxZn1−xO composite thin films
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43
- not been previously conducted, as the B2 phase has only been reported through hydrostatic pressure techniques using the in situ diamond anvil cell (DAC) technique [14]. Our study is facilitated by the successful achievement of the B2 phase at atmospheric pressure for CdxZn1−xO (x = 0.40) composite
Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40
- profiles. In order to improve these results, the CoNiZIE catalyst was subjected to in situ reduction at 500 °C for 2 h under H2 flow prior to the catalytic test. However, this high reduction temperature resulted to be deleterious to the catalytic performance. While the catalytic performance of CoNiZIE in
Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28
- rate. The mucoadhesive characteristic of the system was tested in situ and in vitro. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity and internalization of the nanoparticles by mucus-secreting gastric cells were also investigated. We believe that usage of the developed system may increase the retention time of
- site. In situ mucoadhesion studies The ability of nanoparticles to stick to mucus, known as mucoadhesion, is important for retention at mucus-bearing sites and, thus, prolonged drug release into the environment [52]. The mucus interaction of the EudAlg NPs was first studied by DLS measurements, where
- -labeled peptide and the corresponding FI values. The encapsulation efficiency was calculated by the following formula: In situ release of the model drug from EudAlg nanoparticles The in situ release of the model drug from the nanoparticles was studied as mentioned elsewhere [32][51]. Nanoparticles (2 mg
Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26
- was reported as 3.0 × 10−6 s−1 [25]. This suggests that pristine graphite surfaces, generated by the in situ decontamination and activation by nanosecond laser cleaning, can exist for Au embedding during the pulsed laser grafting process. However, this microscopic surface decontamination and
- nanoparticles on supports. We surmise that our in situ decontaminated/activated carbon surfaces enabled immediate embedding of small nucleation sites, at which the laser made nanoparticles grow, resulting in superior physical and electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface (shown below). We used
- , which is especially problematic with precious catalysts, and it does not require binders. The pulsed laser grafting process is predicated on in situ nanosecond pulsed laser decontamination and activation of the support surface to create short-lived pristine graphite surfaces, at which gold is seeded and
Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20
- modify the nanomaterials in situ via chemical reactions of the nanoparticles with the molecules or solutes of the liquid. Particularly when organic solvents are used as liquids, photothermally induced C–C cleavage, addition or dehydrogenation reactions of the solvents, as well as (carbon
A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14
- cross-linking [126] or MOF geometry tuning [127] are needed to address this issue properly. Furthermore, the study by Maleh and Raisi found that in situ MOF-based MMM synthesis resulted in negligible plasticization compared to ex situ MMM fabrication [91], suggesting that MOF distribution and MOF
- functionalization, Figure 7c,d, reducing filler sizes, in situ MOF growth, or applying annealing treatments. Interfacial adhesion can also be improved using ionic liquids (Figure 7e). MOF functionalization is commonly employed in MMM research. For example, in the study by Katayama et al. [113] mentioned earlier
- -case basis. An entirely different approach to improving the MOF–polymer interface is shown in the study by Maleh and Raisi [91], where ZIF-8 MOFs were grown in situ in a Pebax® 2533 polymer matrix. The authors prepared a polymer solution in ethanol containing well-dispersed zinc nitrate hexahydrate and
Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10
Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128
- give rise to the surface reactions for the growth of the films. In the reaction mechanisms reported for the growth of SiO2 films, the role of intermediate •H and •OH and •O2 radicals has been pointed out through in situ Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. These species react with silane-derived
Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124
- +, Pb2+, and Cd2+ was achieved via ʟ-carnosine–metal interaction [20][21]. With this study, an attempt has been made to address the issues associated with traditional environmental monitoring and remediation systems. This article aims to develop a metal ion sensing and catalyst platform with in situ
Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117
- film through in situ ion irradiation, observed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy [16]. The gold sample was irradiated with 2.8 MeV Au4+ ions at 200 °C with a fluence of approximately 1014 ions·cm−2 (equivalent to a dose of 10 dpa). A combination of surface- and radiation-induced
Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113
- approximately 30% compared to non-coated counterparts, where this derivative was chosen because of its solubility at physiological nasal pH [97]. Additionally, the powder form of the formulation showed stronger mucin adhesion and better enzymatic degradation protection [98]. Moreover, researchers developed in
- situ esculin-loaded nanoliposomes for intranasal administration for treating Parkinson’s disease. Ex vivo studies further confirmed the enhanced permeation of the nanoliposomal formulation compared to the suspension form by approximately 40% [99]. Solid lipid NPs and nanostructured lipid carriers Solid
Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106
Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99
- metallic ions onto the nanogel and the subsequent reduction [22][23]. In recent studies, in situ reduction of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has been explored to enhance synthetic efficiency and streamline procedures by employing disaccharides such as lactose [24][25]. However, the potential of monosaccharides
- (e.g., glucose, fructose, and glucosamine (GluN)) for the in situ synthesis of metallic nanoparticles onto alginate-based nanogels remains unexplored. Toxic organic dyes, including nitrophenols and methyl orange (MO), pose a significant environmental threat because of their persistence in water. This
- excess of NaBH4. Initially, 3.0 mg of the AuNPs@GluN/Alg solid was placed in a quartz cell with 1 cm path length, along with an aqueous solution of the organic dyes (2.5 mL, 0.1 mM). Then, 0.5 mL of NaBH4 solution (0.06 M) was added to start the reaction. The reduction process of the dyes was in situ
Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO2/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92
- Information File 1, Figure S2. The contact angle between horizontal sample surface and the perimeter of the water drop was measured after 10 s of interaction. The in situ photocurrent measurements were carried out in the presence of gaseous reactants (CH4/air = 4.5/0.5) ranging from −2 V to +3 V under dark
Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89
- the FDA up to 2019 [46]. They consist of PLGA microparticles, solid implants, and in situ gels; none of them is a PLGA NP formulation. This fact indicates that there are some challenges, including poor drug entrapment efficiency and drug release kinetics from PLGA nanoformulations [47]. Regarding
Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88
- -aminophenyl boronic acid)/sodium alginate nanogel (Ag@PABA-SA) was synthesized using a green, in situ chemical oxidative polymerization approach for detecting hydrogen peroxide in lake water [115]. When this experiment was carried out without alginate, it showed unsuccessful results. Importantly, with
Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85
- deposition (PVD), and in situ formation through laser treatments. CVD offers several advantageous features such as a high degree of control over the deposition process. CVD involves the deposition of a thin film of material onto a substrate through homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions [79]. Homogeneous
Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81
- cooling, is still hindered by several factors. For instance, observing NPs under real working conditions remains a challenge for experimentalists, as the capability to conduct in situ experiments has not yet been fully realized [21]. Experimental methods, such as confocal microscopy [22], laser light
- have been some promising theoretical models [27] and in situ observations [28], crucial elements that can harmonize thermodynamic and kinetic controls remain unclear at the nanoscale. The plentiful theoretical efforts to understand and interpret structural modifications in metals upon thermal treatment
Recent progress on field-effect transistor-based biosensors: device perspective
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 977–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.80
- good sensitivity detection via a label-free procedure, real-time electrical signal in situ amplification, and cost-effective mass production, achieved through microelectronic manufacturing processes and a small size for portable point-of-care testing [34][35]. Additionally, the application of
Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61
- structures to protect the surface. Cross section specimens for transmission electron microscopy investigation were prepared using in situ lift-out [39]. Final polishing was performed at the glancing incidence angles of the ion beam through the gradual decrease of the accelerating voltage from 30 to 2 kV. The
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Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO2/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60
- composite (TiO2/GQDs) obtained by in situ synthesis of GQDs, derived from coffee grounds, and peroxo titanium complexes was used as electrode modifier in the simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine. The TiO2/GQDs material was characterized by photoluminescence, X-ray
Elastic modulus of β-Ga2O3 nanowires measured by resonance and three-point bending techniques
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 704–712, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.58
- the mechanical properties of Ga2O3 nanowires (NWs). In this work, we investigated the elastic modulus of individual β-Ga2O3 NWs using two distinct techniques – in-situ scanning electron microscopy resonance and three-point bending in atomic force microscopy. The structural and morphological properties
- for studying the mechanical properties of NWs, such as nanoindentation [15], three-point bending tests using an atomic force microscope (AFM) [16], and in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) resonance [17]. However, challenges of obtaining consistent and comparable elastic modulus values across
- ]. Different growth mechanisms could potentially lead to variations in the NW structural properties, as was also indicated by the TEM study. The mechanical characteristics of Ga2O3 NWs were first examined using in-situ SEM resonance tests. Figure 3a–c presents a series of SEM images depicting an excitation of
Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54
- laser ablation, fragmentation, or melting in liquids (RLAL, RLFL, or RLML), which refers to the synthesis of nanoparticles wherein molecular or galvanic replacement precursors, such as metal salts, are added to react in situ [7]. The added precursors take part in chemical reactions leading to the
- ., will not be listed here [43]. Overall, LSPC in aqueous liquids is characterized by in situ water splitting. More precisely, highly reactive radicals and free electrons are formed, which act as reducing agents for metal precursor salts during LRL, as well as molecular hydrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
- at a given fluence, which decreases afterward because of faster graphitization steps or in situ destruction of the generated polyyne structure. Marabotti et al. performed ablation processes at different fluences, quantified the concentration of different C8 polyynes and found the previously mentioned
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