Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• synthesis–attachment are long preparation times, the generation of hazardous organic solvent and ligand waste [15], and poor electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface, particularly for nanoparticles with surfactant-terminated surfaces [16]. Conventionally made nanoparticles rely on

• nanoparticles on supports. We surmise that our in situ decontaminated/activated carbon surfaces enabled immediate embedding of small nucleation sites, at which the laser made nanoparticles grow, resulting in superior physical and electrical contact at the nanoparticle–support interface (shown below). We used

• evidence for Au–C bonds in the XPS data, likely because the generated gold nanoparticles obscured any Au–C bonds that may have formed at the gold–carbon interface. XPS is surface-sensitive, with a typical probe depth limited to the top few nanometers of a material [63]. Therefore, underground (under the

Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• than 5.78 eV, that is, the sum of CdTe electron affinity (4.28 eV) and bandgap (1.5 eV), would be required. Such a material is not available; therefore, the formation of a Schottky barrier is unavoidable. Because of the small 0.1 eV valance band offset at the CdTe/ZnTe interface, which is best for

• the interference of two beams, one reflected from the surface and the other from the film–substrate interface. The occurrence of interference fringes in the transmittance spectra implies that there is a well-defined boundary between film and substrate and that films with uniform thickness were grown

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• are desired. When exposed to visible light, electrons at a lower CB location on SC2 interact with holes on the VB of SC1 via the heterojunction interface (Figure 5e) or an intermediary conducting medium (Figure 5f). This enables the photocatalyst to maintain high redox capacity. Efficiency of

• heterojunction interface matching, and limited carrier transfer routes [85]. Bi-based materials for the degradation of antibiotics include various compounds such as Sillén-type BiOX, scheelite structures (BiVO4, BiOIO3, Bi2O3, and Bi2S3), Aurivillius-type Bi2MO6 (M = Mo, Cr, and W), and other composites

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• photodynamic therapy can be obtained [1][2][3][4][5]. It has been shown that CNs have an anti-amyloid aggregation activity, and some of them (i.e., carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene) are able to interface with neurons and neuronal circuits and play an important role in the modulation of neurobiological

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• functional groups can drastically enhance MOF-membrane polymer compatibility [24]. Last, the rich MOF chemistry and tunability pave the way to advanced MMMs with specialized functionality for CO2 separation. For MOF-integrated MMM fabrication, the MOF–polymer matrix interface is crucial to its CO2 separation

• performance (as detailed further in section 3.5). Although the organic linkers within the MOF typically offer support to the membrane polymer matrix, the interface between the MOF and the matrix may still be suboptimal. In this case, the CO2 separation performance of the finalized MOF-based MMM may be

• considerably impaired compared to that of the pristine MOF [86]. The major issue arising from such incompatibility is the formation of void defects within the MMM due to insufficient adhesion between the MOF interface and the polymer matrix. Such voids act as non-specific permeation sites [80]. Consequently

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• PEDOT:PSS are the two HTLs that are analyzed concerning the double perovskite material LNMO. The HTL needs better conductivity, better electron blocking, and more hole mobility for better carrier transportation at the perovskite/HTL interface. It is hydrophobic with a wider bandgap and does not easily

• important part of a PSC. It blocks electrons, and only holes are captured to make carrier transportation feasible across the perovskite/HTL interface. Here, the impact of both inorganic Cu2O and organic PEDOT:PSS as HTLs is studied. The simulation of the FTO/WS2/LNMO/Cu2O/Au device with increasing thickness

• both HTL materials (Table 3 and Figure 3). The increase of the PCE with Cu2O signifies a better absorption of light with minimum reflection and, hence, increased carrier transportation across the interface. Cu2O is inorganic, and the high temperature leads to improved hole mobility and better charge

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• (reaction engineering, transport of diluted species, laminar flow, and chemistry interface), create the geometry of the sensor within a gas chamber, and select the materials. We then set up the physics with boundary conditions, mesh the geometry using tetrahedral and triangular elements, and define study

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• test users were engaged in assessing the tool’s usefulness and interface usability. Regular feedback during all phases of the development was crucial in guiding the development process with regards to defining and prioritising the requirements in terms of nodes and edges. An instance map can be created

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• , 15, 30, 35 and 40 °C using a self-made cryo-stage made from copper and equipped with a heater. The stage was cooled via a thick strand of copper wires connected to a Meissner trap cooled with liquid nitrogen. The temperature was controlled via a heating element inserted as an interface layer between

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• ). After a reaction time of six hours, the surface is coated with a micrometer layer of SNFs. The surface reaction is proceeded by hydrolysis of TCMS due to water in the solvent. Subsequently, hydrolyzed TCMS molecules react with surface hydroxy moieties at the interface and thereby induce the

• interfaces, the flow velocity is assumed to be zero when modeling viscous drag, on super-hydrophobic surfaces the shear is reduced, leading to slip of the liquid across the surfaces and a non-zero flow velocity [26]. Flow at the material interface can hinder or prevent settling, nucleation, and growth of

• calcium carbonate scale at the interface. Conclusion In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of biomimetic approaches to address the industrial challenge of scaling on steel surfaces. By drawing inspiration from the unique water-repelling properties of Collembola skin, we have fabricated

A nanocarrier containing carboxylic and histamine groups with dual action: acetylcholine hydrolysis and antidote atropine delivery

• Elina E. Mansurova,
• Andrey A. Maslennikov,
• Anna P. Lyubina,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Anzhela A. Mikhailova,
• Polina V. Mikshina,
• Albina Y. Ziganshina and
• Igor S. Antipin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 11–24, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.2

• molecules. Within a microemulsion system, they self-assemble at the interface between water and oil. The hydrophilic groups face the aqueous phase, while the resorcinarene scaffold with tails on the lower rim points towards the dispersed (oil) phase. Under slightly basic conditions (pH 8.5), resorcinarenes

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• membrane structure and dynamics. In contrast, the density profile for AUR (Figure 6c) shows a peak near the water–membrane interface, indicating a more superficial insertion compared to OLA. AUR’s density decreases significantly toward the bilayer center, highlighting its preference for interacting with

• within the membrane interface. AUR’s strong interaction with the membrane surface, coupled with its shallow insertion depth, suggests that it may play a role in modulating membrane surface properties without causing extensive disruption to the bilayer’s hydrophobic core. The differential interaction

• engagement and extensive hydrogen bonding highlight its role in stabilizing and potentially modulating the membrane interface, possibly facilitating controlled membrane perturbations such as localized thinning. These findings align with previous studies that have demonstrated AUR’s primary action through

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• conditions. The direct consequence of the temperature increase is the oxidation of phenolic molecules and the accumulation at the air–water interface of the mucilage envelope. This process also has an influence on the frictional properties of basil seed mucilage. As our experiments showed, the oxidised

• phenolic molecules, which are concentrated on the mucilage surface, can be maximised [98]. Thus, we assume that increased concentration of phenolic compounds at the mucilage interface has an important antimicrobial function for the seed. The mucilage envelope supports the germination through speeding it up

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• combines code execution, rich text, and multimedia elements into a single document [77]. Scientists can leverage Jupyter notebooks to develop, document, and share computational workflows. These notebooks serve as an interface where theoretical concepts are transformed into executable code, enhancing

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• typically involve parameters such as activation energies and defect concentrations, and they can be solved to obtain the steady-state concentrations of defects. According to chemical rate theory, which incorporates the effect of particle interface sinks, steady-state concentrations of interstitials and

• vacancies in a material can be determined by considering two extreme cases, namely, (i) the case of vacancy–interstitial recombination, where defects are annihilated through recombination reactions, and (ii) the case of particle interface sinks, where defects are trapped and annihilated at external

• described by kinetic equations taking into account recombinations [22][23][24]: Here, Kv is the defect generation rate (or atomic displacement rate, displacements per atom per second), Re is the recombination coefficient, Kd is the sink strength at the interface or external boundary (assumed equal for both

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• of these materials further enhance the potential for applications such as frequency conversion and signal processing. However, successful implementation requires addressing fabrication challenges to ensure precise layer deposition and interface quality. Overall, combining lithium niobate and titanium

• functionalities. However, it introduces challenges in fabrication complexity, interface effects, and material compatibility [26][27]. Lithium niobate film on insulator (LNOI) is a promising photonic platform due to its large transparency window, strong second-order nonlinear optical properties, and ultralow-loss

• interface engineering are crucial for success [25][26][27]. The primary motivation for choosing lithium niobate is to utilize materials whose optical properties are sensitive to one or more externally controllable factors, such as electric or magnetic fields, enabling the manipulation of the structure

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• considered a challenge because of the existence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB, Figure 1), which is composed of several cell types [7]. The BBB is a dynamic and selective interface between the systemic circulation and the brain [8]. The structure of the healthy BBB relies on the endothelial cells and the

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• pitcher-like feature, where they are digested by the plant. Like the pitcher plant surfaces, SLIPS can repel adhesion through the formation of a liquid–liquid interface, unlike more standard surface passivation techniques that consist of a solid–liquid interface [16]. Within a SLIPS coating, a lubricant

• , which has the ability to probe vibrational modes at an interface, thereby, providing insight into the order and confirmation of molecules at an interface [26][27]. XPS is a surface-sensitive technique to determine the atomic composition of the outer ca. 10 nm of a surface [28]. As mentioned above, SLIPS

• in the bulk. A final mode was assigned to the CF3 asymmetric stretching at 1370 cm−1 [46]. Observed changes across the SFG spectra collected with different polarization combinations provide information about the orientation of molecular bonds at the interface [26][27]. Here, by collecting SFG spectra

Green synthesis of carbon dot structures from Rheum Ribes and Schottky diode fabrication

• Muhammed Taha Durmus and
• Ebru Bozkurt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1369–1375, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.110

• temperature (Figure 7). The interface between Au and CDs exhibited a nonlinear rectification behavior, indicating the formation of a Schottky diode [24]. The electrical properties of the Si/CDs/Au diode were determined using standard thermionic emission theory [25]. According to this theory, where n, IRs, V

• , it exhibits a non-ideal diode behavior with a high ideality factor. This study, in which CDs obtained from a completely natural product were used as an interface, showed that it may be possible to obtain CDs-based electronic devices for advanced technology in the future. Schematic representation of

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• interface between small molecules and conventional NPs, and so they provide a unique opportunity to leverage distinctive properties inherent to both domains [25][29][30]. On one hand, usNPs and their conjugates can behave as biomolecules in terms of biomolecular interactions and physiological behavior [31

• proteins (Figure 2A) [52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. This occurs because of the small size and high surface curvature of usNPs, which restrict the binding interface for proteins. As a result, protein spreading and denaturation on the usNP surface are minimized, and fewer non-covalent interactions form

• /koff, where kon and koff are the association and dissociation rate constants of the binding reaction, respectively, and tr is the residence time of the complex. The value of koff (or tr) is determined by short-range non-covalent interactions at the binding interface, reflecting the stability of the

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• interface normal. The static refractive indices for monolayer Ge2Se2 in the direction parallel to the plane (XX) and normal to the plane (ZZ) are approximately 2.5 and 1.4, respectively, as shown in Figure 5. These refractive indices could enable the use of the investigated material as an inner layer

• recombination at the interface of HTL and absorber layer and better surface cleavage because of the thick HTL [55][56]. Figure 7a indicates that 1 nm of HTL yields superior performance in terms of PCE, Voc, Jsc, and FF with values of 28.148%, ≈1.11 V, 28.70 mA·cm−2, and ≈87.77% FF, respectively. Effect of ETL

• performance. This is due to the decrement in the lifetime of the charge carriers because of the shorter diffusion length, which results from the higher defect densities [62]. We can observed that the performance parameters decrease significantly above defect densities of 1015 cm−3. Effect of interface defects

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• formed at the interface have emerged, which effectively force charge carriers to move in opposite directions and hinder recombination [31][32][33]. Very recently, Cu2O/BiVO4, Ag2O/Bi12O17Cl2 and CuFe2O4/Bi4Ti3O12 composite powders have shown improved efficiencies in water treatment based on p–n

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• varying compositions of the deposit and internal inhomogeneities such as the formation of a layered structure consisting of a pure silver layer at the interface to the substrate covered by a deposit layer with low silver content. Imaging after the deposition process revealed morphological changes such as

• magnification were adapted to match the high-resolution SEM (HRSEM) image above. The deposit structure turned out to be extremely non-uniform with a continuous layer of elemental silver at the interface between deposit and silicon substrate (cf. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4, for more details on the

• and deposition of the ligands at high fluxes was observed. Together with a high mobility of the silver in the shape-forming carbonaceous matrix and possible further reaction pathways, this leads to the formation of a pure silver layer at the interface to the substrate. Although such a rich chemical

Signal generation in dynamic interferometric displacement detection

• Knarik Khachatryan,
• Simon Anter,
• Michael Reichling and
• Alexander von Schmidsfeld

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1070–1076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.87

• a Michelson interferometer. Experiments reported here are performed with the dielectric/vacuum interface of the bare fiber end acting as the first mirror and a metal-coated silicon cantilever as the second mirror. We keep the fiber–cantilever distance d always large enough to work in the Michelson

• beams with almost identical power. The first part is directed to a power meter for control purposes, while the second part is guided to the interferometer in the UHV [11]. The fiber end in the interferometer is carefully cleaved to achieve high optical quality for the dielectric/vacuum interface having

Effect of wavelength and liquid on formation of Ag, Au, Ag/Au nanoparticles via picosecond laser ablation and SERS-based detection of DMMP

• Sree Satya Bharati Moram,
• Chandu Byram and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1054–1069, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.86

• decomposition of the metal surface. This results in an explosive ejection of vapor and liquid from the surface. The metal plume cannot freely expand in water and is slowed down, forming a hot metal layer at the water interface. The hot metal layer heats the water to a supercritical state, mixing metal atoms