Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• ) and Bradford reagent (Cat. No. 19219) were purchased from SRL Chemicals (India). NIST-grade standards of arsenic (As3+), aluminium (Al3+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr3+), lead (Pb2+), iron (Fe3+), and cobalt (Co2+) (Cat. No. 041865), as well

Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts

• Yunus Ahmed,
• Keya Rani Dutta,
• Parul Akhtar,
• Md. Arif Hossen,
• Md. Jahangir Alam,
• Obaid A. Alharbi,
• Hamad AlMohamadi and
• Abdul Wahab Mohammad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21

• endeavors have been undertaken, including the creation of heterojunctions or the introduction of metal doping. Wang et al. [84] synthesized BiOCl/Mt photocatalysts in which montmorillonite (Mt), which is naturally rich in iron, was combined with bismuth nitrate. According to the authors, the composite

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• , changing the polarity of the non-polar solvent phase for the laser ablation of copper. Iron and copper stand in the middle of the investigated standard electrochemical reduction potential metal series and show quite interesting phase selectivity behavior. Moreover, cupreous nanoparticles are relevant for

• be in the less polar alcohol phase. In contrast to this behavior, copper and iron were not exclusively in one of the phases, but rather in both. With this, copper and iron represent the turning point in which the phase preference swaps from the more polar to the less polar liquid. Copper showed a

• higher mass concentration of nanoparticles in the more polar propylene carbonate phase, while iron preferred the less polar alcohol phase. If correlated to the standard electrochemical reduction potential E° (Figure 1b), a change in phase preference is visible after E° = 0 V is reached, resulting in

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• , aggregation behavior, oxidation status, and metal impurities (e.g., iron) in correlation with the cell type and concentration of CNs to which the cells are exposed. The results of the actual study in which the cytotoxicity of blank and TMZ-loaded dual-functionalized CNs was evaluated by the MTT test are

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• damage to surrounding tissues due to inadequate control over the heat distribution [100][101][102][103][104][105]. Innovations in this field have led to the development of transparent polylactic acid (PLA) thin films with embedded iron oxide nanoclusters prepared via spin coating [51]. The efficient

• photothermal conversion of iron oxide minimizes the necessary laser energy. The mechanical force generated by laser-induced VNBs enables the selective destruction of single corneal cells. The PLA films aid in precisely positioning the photothermal therapy, restrain the dispersion of iron oxide nanoclusters

• , and can be easily removed post-laser treatment. The spatially selective single-cell killing capability of iron oxide PLA bubble films has great potential for ocular tumor therapy. However, clinical treatment of tumors requires the application of films on surfaces with “odd” tissues. Using a

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• such as iron and gold [4][5]. Each material is chosen for its unique properties, such as size, hydrophilicity, and charge, that make it suitable for acting as a drug carrier. NCs can be functionalized on their surface to improve the stability and solubility of high-payload encapsulated cargos, promote

• production, effectively reducing collagen type I deposition and mitigating fibrosis. Additional nanomaterials such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) and chitosan-based NPs are engineered with liver-cell-specific ligands like lactose or galactose, enhancing their specificity for treating

Theoretical study of the electronic and optical properties of a composite formed by the zeolite NaA and a magnetite cluster

• Joel Antúnez-García,
• Roberto Núñez-González,
• Vitalii Petranovskii,
• H’Linh Hmok,
• Armando Reyes-Serrato,
• Fabian N. Murrieta-Rico,
• Mufei Xiao and
• Jonathan Zamora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 44–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.5

• ][40] in bodies of water, addressing a pressing environmental concern. Also, iron-modified zeolites have shown variations in both electric and magnetic properties that allow one to generate catalysts based on zeolites [41]. Among these types of composites consisting of zeolites modified with magnetic

• Safe” [50] by the United States Food and Drug Administration [51]. Also, iron-based magnetic compounds have the advantage of being a widely available and relatively cheap material, as well as being biocompatible and environmentally friendly [52][53]. While the potential of magnetic clusters to impart

• . The trigonal cell has two α-cages and one β-cage, whereas the cubic cell has eight α-cages and four β-cages. In both cell representations, magnetite clusters are hosted in only half of the α-cages. The red and brown spheres in both clusters represent oxygen and iron atoms, respectively. Band structure

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• carbides by LAL in aromatic solvents was reported previously with transition metals such as iron and cobalt [54][55][56]. Kanitz et al. [55] have reported the formation of pure (i.e., with a clean surface) iron nanoparticles when the target was ablated with femtosecond pulses (5 kHz repetition rate, though

• ) in different solvents. They observed that the choice of the surrounding liquid environment allowed them to tune the properties of the iron-based NPs, for example, the generation of iron oxides or carbides. In the present case, the surrounding liquid possibly had a huge influence on the formation of

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• Biochemistry, Koryun St 2, Yerevan, Armenia Ghitu Institute of Electronic Engineering and Nanotechnologies of Technical University of Moldova, Chisinau, Moldova 10.3762/bjnano.15.125 Abstract Thanks to their simple synthesis, controlled physical properties, and minimal toxicity, iron oxide nanoparticles

• samples on the liver of Wistar rats was identified. Keywords: biocompatibility; hepatotoxicity; iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle; rutin; Teucrium polium (T. polium); Introduction Leveraging nanotechnology, personalized medicine, and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for overcoming the complex

• in most biological and chemical reactions involved in the production of medical materials [10][11][12][13]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), such as iron oxides, not only exhibit superparamagnetism and high magnetic susceptibility, they also possess unique physical properties, biocompatibility

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• with a NIST-grade metal standard including arsenic (As3+), aluminum (Al3+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr3+), iron (Fe3+), molybdenum (Mo2+), and lead (Pb2+) were acquired from CDH Fine Chemicals. The chemicals were used without further

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

• confirmed by calculations for iron particles under irradiation. Substances characterized by high vacancy migration energy, small diffusion coefficients of defects, and low temperatures of first-order phase transitions can serve as suitable candidates for radiation-induced phase transitions in nanosystems

• necessary to exclude the concentration of vacancies in the β phase (Cvβ) and the energy contribution of vacancies in the β phase (ΔGpd(β) = 0). Model of an iron-like nanomaterial with polymorphic phase transitions As an example, in this work we consider a model of an iron-like nanomaterial with a

• polymorphic phase transition, for which we will subsequently generalize to other cases by varying parameters. Bulk thermodynamic data for pure iron have been sourced from various references to compile the set of parameters [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. At low and intermediate

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• -nitrophenol are both dangerous to humans [10][11]. Contamination with toxic heavy metal ions, including zinc, arsenic, aluminium, chromium, iron, cobalt, copper, nickel, mercury, cadmium, and lead, causes significant chronic damage to organ systems, beginning at the cellular level [12]. Toxic heavy metal ions

• also leads to undesirable side effects such as iron overload (hemochromatosis) and acute iron poisoning [14]. Similarly, other metals, including copper and cobalt, significantly damage different body parts above a threshold limit. Heavy metal ions pose a severe risk to human and environmental health

• chemicals, Finar and SRL chemicals, respectively. National Institute of Standard and Technology grade metal standards (1000 ppm) of arsenic (As3+), aluminum (Al3+), cadmium (Cd2+), zinc (Zn2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+), copper (Cu2+), chromium (Cr3+), lead (Pb2+), iron (Fe3+), and cobalt (Co2+) were

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• C. elegans [35][54]. Oxidative stress is one of the central mechanisms and, in fact, the main cause of the toxicity outcomes discussed above. It is associated to changes in the function or expression of superoxide dismutase, “Rieske” iron-sulfur protein, mitochondrial complex I, and the ubiquinone

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• challenge has spurred extensive research into various remediation methods. Recently, there has been growing interest in catalytic degradation using oxidizing agents such as H2O2 and iron in Fenton reactions [26], as well as reducing agents such as NaBH4 with nanometal catalysts. Additionally, the reduction

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• , iron oxide, copper sulfide), and rare earth-based usNPs (cerium oxide, gadolinium oxide) [22]. Ultrasmall NPs have dimensions comparable to those of a typical globular protein of 3 to 6 nm in diameter [22][25], although the precise size criteria can vary among researchers. For the purpose of this

• comparison of the impact of NP size on the tumor accumulation and retention of actively targeted particles was undertaken by Xu and colleagues [87]. The authors synthesized transferrin-coated iron oxide NPs with core sizes of 3 and 30 nm and assessed their binding to transferrin receptors overexpressed in a

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• development of nanotechnology, more and more MONPs including zinc, iron, titanium, and copper are being explored in therapeutic applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, bioelectronics, and tissue engineering applications [4][5][6]. Simultaneously, many of these particles also presented

Bolometric IR photoresponse based on a 3D micro-nano integrated CNT architecture

• Yasameen Al-Mafrachi,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Sascha Preu,
• Jörg J. Schneider and
• Oktay Yilmazoglu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1030–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.84

• reduction as well as sensitive and versatile thermal detection devices suitable for a wide range of high-tech applications. Fabrication process of the pixel-based CNT microbolometer. (a) AlOx deposition, (b) lithography process and metal contact evaporation, (c) iron catalyst evaporation, and (d) CNT growth

Entry of nanoparticles into cells and tissues: status and challenges

• Kirsten Sandvig,
• Tore Geir Iversen and
• Tore Skotland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1017–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.83

• degradable nonendogenous molecules [90]. It should be mentioned that there is not much data showing biodegradation/excretion of NPs. Iron oxide-based NPs have, however, been used as safe contrast agents for MRI for many years and have been shown to be degradable both in solutions in vitro [91] and after

Identification of structural features of surface modifiers in engineered nanostructured metal oxides regarding cell uptake through ML-based classification

• Indrasis Dasgupta,
• Totan Das,
• Biplab Das and
• Shovanlal Gayen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 909–924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.75

• iron oxide nanocore decorated with organic compounds and investigated their cellular uptake across various human cell types [18]. However, determining the cellular absorption of functionalized nanoparticles in different human cell types is a laborious, expensive, and time-consuming task. Computational

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• . Importantly, this route opens a new approach to utilizing Fe2O3-based waste materials from the iron and steel industry in manufacturing Fe-based MIL-100 materials. Keywords: CO2/N2 separation; Fe2O3 nanoparticles; hydrothermal reaction; IAST-predicted CO2/N2 selectivity; MIL-100(Fe); Introduction Metal

• removed from the termini of iron octahedra in the secondary building units (SBUs) through an activated-thermal process in a vacuum-controlled environment [9][10]. Notably, density and oxidation states of the formed unsaturated Fe sites (Fe(II) and Fe(III)) are temperature-dependent, influencing the

• strength of the Lewis acid properties. Lower temperatures (approx. 150 °C) favor Fe(III), while higher temperatures up to 250 °C promote Fe(II) [9][10]. The MIL-100(Fe) structure is built from oxo-trimers of iron octahedra as SBUs together with bridges of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, yielding a hybrid

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• , during electron beam exposure, successful purification of the deposited material occurs only if the deposited metal is inherently resistant to oxidation, such as Au, Pt, and Ru [34]. In the case of iron [35], the removal of carbon is accompanied by a large incorporation of oxygen in the deposit

A review on the structural characterization of nanomaterials for nano-QSAR models

• Salvador Moncho,
• Eva Serrano-Candelas,
• Jesús Vicente de Julián-Ortiz and
• Rafael Gozalbes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 854–866, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.71

• coordination numbers [24]. Alternatively, Kotzabasaki et al. also codified the composition of iron oxide nanoparticles with a single categorical descriptor that encodes the crystal structure of the main component (in this case as maghemite or magnetite) [25]. Alternatively, some descriptors are focused on the

• ]. Additionally, focusing on the role of the NM as contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging, the authors added the specific property of cellular internalization of iron, measured as the amount of iron inside the cells [25]. Zhang et al. [79] created a predictive model that uses regression trees to predict the

• such as those of Liu et al. [76] and Fourches et al. [44] that describe a series of NMs with different compositions, including different iron oxides and quantum dots, only on the basis of their size, magnetic values, and zeta potential, without any direct consideration of the composition (i.e., no

When nanomedicines meet tropical diseases

• Eder Lilia Romero,
• Katrien Van Bocxlaer and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 830–832, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.69

• , Morilla and collaborators presented a critical review on nanomedicines and Chagas disease, highlighting the potential of oral nanocrystals and parenteral nano-immunostimulants to treat this NTD [3]. Moving to leishmaniases, Verçoza et al. evaluated the therapeutic potential of green superparamagnetic iron

Electron-induced ligand loss from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate

• Hlib Lyshchuk,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Thomas F. M. Luxford,
• Miloš Ranković,
• Jaroslav Kočišek,
• Juraj Fedor,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• Pamir Nag

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 797–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.66

• and Technology, Technická 5, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States 10.3762/bjnano.15.66 Abstract We probe the separation of ligands from iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4(C4H6O2) or Fe(CO)4MA) induced by

• . Interesting differences also appear when this precursor is compared to structurally similar iron pentacarbonyl. The present findings shed light on the recent electron-induced chemistry of Fe(CO)4MA on a surface under ultrahigh vacuum. Keywords: electron collision; focused electron beam-induced deposition

• (FEBID); FEBID precursor; iron tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate; Introduction In recent years, a wave of interest in the electron-induced loss of ligands from organometallic and coordination compounds appeared, which has been motivated by the need to understand focused electron beam-induced deposition

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reduction step [120]. LML of iron oxide in ethyl acetate and ethanol was reported to yield ethyl aldehyde and butane. The aldehyde was proposed to form via dehydrogenation of ethanol, while butane forms via dimerization of formed C2H5 radicals [125]. Van’t Zand et al. investigated the pyrolysis of

• . These carbides might form in situ but decompose during the process to yield an oxide core. Iron oxide is not the only phase formed in organic liquids during laser ablation of iron (Table 2). Amendola et al. ablated iron in six different solvents and found different core compositions. Ablation in toluene

• gave rise to an amorphous iron core, while tetrahydrofuran and dimethyl sulfoxide formed magnetite/maghemite or metallic iron. Oxides were detected for acetonitrile and dimethylformamide, and ablation in ethanol resulted in iron carbides [100]. Iron carbide formation was also found for ablation in