Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• dependency on the phase preference could be observed. The copper nanoparticles in propylene carbonate were smaller than those in the alcohol phase (Figure 3c,d), while the iron nanoparticles in the propylene carbonate phase were larger than those in the alcohol phase (Figure 3e,f). This could be attributed

• that chemical reactions may also occur on longer timescales, during the cavitation bubble phase (microsecond time scale) [60]. The smaller iron nanoparticles are found in the alcohol phase, while the smaller copper nanoparticles prefer the propylene carbonate phase. Hence, another explanation for the

• cycling, the distribution of colloidal copper and iron nanoparticles over the PC and alcohol phase was quantified via UV–vis extinction measurements afterward (Figure 4). Figure 4 shows the mass fraction of colloidal nanoparticles in the propylene carbonate phase (bottom phase of the TMS) for the

Fabrication of hafnium-based nanoparticles and nanostructures using picosecond laser ablation

• Abhishek Das,
• Mangababu Akkanaboina,
• Jagannath Rathod,
• R. Sai Prasad Goud,
• Kanaka Ravi Kumar,
• Raghu C. Reddy,
• Ratheesh Ravendran,
• Katia Vutova,
• S. V. S. Nageswara Rao and
• Venugopal Rao Soma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1639–1653, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.129

• carbides by LAL in aromatic solvents was reported previously with transition metals such as iron and cobalt [54][55][56]. Kanitz et al. [55] have reported the formation of pure (i.e., with a clean surface) iron nanoparticles when the target was ablated with femtosecond pulses (5 kHz repetition rate, though

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• hepatotoxicity and cause inflammatory reactions [31][40][41][42][43]. Askri et al. demonstrated the weakness of the antioxidant barrier against these iron nanoparticles [31]. When Fe3O4 NPs accumulate in lysosomes and release iron ions from their structure, this leads to the dysfunction of mitochondria

Effect of radiation-induced vacancy saturation on the first-order phase transformation in nanoparticles: insights from a model

• Aram Shirinyan and
• Yuriy Bilogorodskyy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1453–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.117

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• alkanes (pentane, hexane, and decane) in an inert atmosphere by Matsue and coworkers [102]. Hence, the formed phase of iron nanoparticles is determined by the chemical properties of the organic solvent and the used atmosphere, which is closely related to the formed decomposition species, which can be of

Classification and application of metal-based nanoantioxidants in medicine and healthcare

• Nguyen Nhat Nam,
• Nguyen Khoi Song Tran,
• Tan Tai Nguyen,
• Nguyen Ngoc Trai,
• Nguyen Phuong Thuy,
• Hoang Dang Khoa Do,
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran and
• Kieu The Loan Trinh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 396–415, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.36

• is not an ideal method because it can be painful. In response, antioxidant nanomaterials coupled with hydrogels provide a promising method to topically deliver antioxidant nanomaterials into the body [154][155]. Nanoantioxidants (such as fullerene, cerium, gold, silver, and iron nanoparticles) and

Heating ability of elongated magnetic nanoparticles

• Elizaveta M. Gubanova,
• Nikolai A. Usov and
• Vladimir A. Oleinikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1404–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.104

• magnetic hyperthermia. Basically, iron oxide nanoparticles were studied [5][6][7][8][9][10] because of their low toxicity and high saturation magnetization, although nanoparticles of other chemical compositions, such as metallic iron nanoparticles [11][12][13], and various ferrites [14][15][16][17] were

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• emerged as a promising candidate for industrial applications. Silver nanoparticles synthesized using carrageenan as a reducing and stabilizing agent showed promising results in removing organic dyes such as methylene blue and rhodamine B [111]. Magnetic iron nanoparticles were synthesized using κ-, ι-, or

Towards 3D self-assembled rolled multiwall carbon nanotube structures by spontaneous peel off

• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1865–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.168

• of the structures (Figure 3a–d) and the fact that the outer part of the rolled MWCNTs is made of particle-like structures (Figure 3e). These iron nanoparticles formed as catalyst from ferrocene, under certain reaction conditions [21], appear in the SEM micrographs as brighter features and are

• of iron catalyst particles. (a–d) TEM characterization of a N1/C2 interface marked by the presence of metal (iron) nanoparticles before and after a clear change in the typical structure of N (larger inner diameter and corrugated structure) and C (smaller inner diameter) sections. Panels (a,d) were

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

• weight [127]. In an extensive toxicology experiment on iron nanoparticles, Volkovova et al. [171] found that the lethal dose for 50% of rats is 36 mg Fe/kg body weight. Their study was focused on the SPION effects on the liver, where they found only mild necrosis and lipidosis, but the paper did not

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• achieved via sequential growth of primary CNTs and secondary CNTs by CVD and finally Pt electrodeposition. CNT growth was carried out over electrodeposited iron nanoparticles. By varying the growth time, gas flow rate and ratio of H2/Ar, it was shown that the structural properties of the primary and

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• increases, more iron precursor will be able to reach and interact with a larger number of defects on the MWCNTs side walls. Therefore, the density of the formed iron nanoparticles will increase. However, the average particle size of those nanoparticles will be the same because the side defects have the same

Accurate control of the covalent functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes for the electro-enzymatically controlled oxidation of biomolecules

• Naoual Allali,
• Veronika Urbanova,
• Mathieu Etienne,
• Xavier Devaux,
• Martine Mallet,
• Brigitte Vigolo,
• Jean-Joseph Adjizian,
• Chris P. Ewels,
• Sven Oberg,
• Alexander V. Soldatov,
• Edward McRae,
• Yves Fort,
• Manuel Dossot and
• Victor Mamane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2750–2762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.257

• electrolyte), and a platinum wire auxiliary electrode. A working electrode (WE) incorporating the f-SWCNTs deposited on the GCE surface. a) HRTEM micrographs of the raw HIPCO material. The arrows point out residual iron nanoparticles. b) HRSTEM BF image showing carbonaceous impurities at the surface of SWCNTs

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• growth of short SiNWs via the above-described ICP process occurs through the VLS mechanism catalyzed by iron nanoparticles. The origin of the nanoparticles is the impurities present in the initial Si powder feedstock (containing 0.18 atom % Fe impurities), while the Si core of the NSs acted as the local

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• in studies on pristine SWCNTs as compared to ionic surfactants such as SDBS [19]. This effect resulted from better access of the water molecules to the nanotube surface, especially to the end of the CNT, where the residual iron nanoparticles are mainly located. The helically wrapping non-ionic

Structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles fabricated through a reduction reaction

• Marcin Krajewski,
• Wei Syuan Lin,
• Hong Ming Lin,
• Katarzyna Brzozka,
• Sabina Lewinska,
• Natalia Nedelko,
• Anna Slawska-Waniewska,
• Jolanta Borysiuk and
• Dariusz Wasik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1652–1660, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.167

• 10.3762/bjnano.6.167 Abstract The main goal of this work is to study the structural and magnetic properties of iron nanowires and iron nanoparticles, which have been fabricated in almost the same processes. The only difference in the synthesis is an application of an external magnetic field in order to

• , saturation magnetization as well as Curie temperature differ for both studied nanostructures. Higher values of magnetizations are observed for iron nanowires. At the same time, coercivity and Curie temperature are higher for iron nanoparticles. Keywords: iron nanoparticles; iron nanostructures; iron

• way for many research works in the field of iron nanoengineering. Recently, it has been published plenty of articles about different studies of iron nanowires (Fe NWs) and iron nanoparticles (Fe NPs), including preparation, chemical functionalization and investigation of physical and chemical

The convenient preparation of stable aryl-coated zerovalent iron nanoparticles

• Olga A. Guselnikova,
• Andrey I. Galanov,
• Anton K. Gutakovskii and
• Pavel S. Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1192–1198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.121

• Federation, Institute of Semiconductor Physics, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation 10.3762/bjnano.6.121 Abstract A novel approach for the in situ synthesis of zerovalent aryl-coated iron nanoparticles (NPs) based on diazonium salt

• analysis were performed in order to characterize the resulting material. Keywords: arenediazonium salts; chemical reduction; covalent modification; surface-modified nanoparticles; zerovalent iron nanoparticles; Introduction Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) have aroused great interest recently

Review of nanostructured devices for thermoelectric applications

• Giovanni Pennelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1268–1284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.141

• ][79][80], and rapidly diffused and applied by several other groups [81][82][83][84][85]. The VLS growth is based on the catalytic effect of metal (gold or iron) nanoparticles, deposited on a silicon substrate. At high temperatures, an eutectic alloy is formed among metal and Si, supplied by a silane

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to aromatic hydrocarbons by using an iron/iron oxide nanocatalyst

• Hongwang Wang,
• Jim Hodgson,
• Tej B. Shrestha,
• Prem S. Thapa,
• David Moore,
• Xiaorong Wu,
• Myles Ikenberry,
• Deryl L. Troyer,
• Donghai Wang,
• Keith L. Hohn and
• Stefan H. Bossmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 760–769, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.88

• supernatant was decanted, and the iron nanoparticles accumulated on the magnetic stir bar were washed with hexane (5 × 10 mL) and ethanol (5 × 10 mL). The product was then dried in vacuum. Based on iron, the yield of the reaction was 95%. Catalytic reduction of CO2/H2 mixtures to aromatic hydrocarbons The CO2

• product, based on the GC–MS results obtained at 440 °C, 480 °C, 500 °C, and 520 °C and our calibration data using chemical standards. The results obtained for all reaction products that were clearly identified are summarized in Figure 7. Experimental Synthesis of the Fe/Fe3O4 nanocatalysts Iron

• nanoparticles were prepared with slight modification of a literature procedure described by Lacroix et al [49]. A 250 mL, three-necked, round-bottom flask equipped with a magnetic stir bar, one cold water cooled jacketed condenser on the middle neck, one septum and one temperature probe on each of the outer

Influence of particle size and fluorination ratio of CF_x precursor compounds on the electrochemical performance of C–FeF₂ nanocomposites for reversible lithium storage

• Ben Breitung,
• M. Anji Reddy,
• Venkata Sai Kiran Chakravadhanula,
• Michael Engel,
• Christian Kübel,
• Annie K. Powell,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 705–713, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.80

• iron nanoparticles in the carbon matrix, their specific capacity was about 250 mAh/g, which is only one third of the theoretical value. To improve the capacity and to still benefit from a stabilizing and tightly attached carbon matrix, a new solid-state chemical synthesis, which is based on a reaction

A facile synthesis of a carbon-encapsulated Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite and its performance as anode in lithium-ion batteries

• Raju Prakash,
• Katharina Fanselau,
• Shuhua Ren,
• Tapan Kumar Mandal,
• Christian Kübel,
• Horst Hahn and
• Maximilian Fichtner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 699–704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.79

• ) → Fe(s) + 5CO(g)} [16]. Subsequently, CO reacts with the active Fe nanoparticles to yield Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon {Fe(s) + CO(g) → Fe3O4–Cx(s) + gaseous material}. The iron nanoparticles catalyze the formation of nanotubes and shells from the in-situ generated carbon. Meanwhile, the Fe3O4

Functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Eloise Van Hooijdonk,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Rony Snyders and
• Jean-François Colomer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 129–152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.14

• aligned CNTs from acetylene chemical vapor deposition (CVD) catalyzed by iron nanoparticles embedded in mesoporous silica. In that work, the growth direction of not very straight, entangled-CNTs was related to the direction of the pores in the silica substrate, being perpendicular to the substrate surface

Influence of the diameter of single-walled carbon nanotube bundles on the optoelectronic performance of dry-deposited thin films

• Kimmo Mustonen,
• Toma Susi,
• Antti Kaskela,
• Patrik Laiho,
• Ying Tian,
• Albert G. Nasibulin and
• Esko I. Kauppinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 692–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.79

• as well; Lbundle 750 °C = 1.13 µm, Lbundle 800 °C = 4.56 µm, and Lbundle 880 °C = 9.80 µm. The corresponding Lbundle distributions are presented in Figure 3a. Both the decrease in the relative amount of amorphous material and the increase in Lbundle were expected, since the catalytic activity of iron

• nanoparticles and diffusion rate of carbon are both more suitable for SWCNT production at higher temperatures [25][26]. This was also clearly evidenced by an increase in the reactor output concentration as confirmed with the DMA measurements: the number concentration (NC) increased steadily from NC650 °C = 6

Generation and agglomeration behaviour of size-selected sub-nm iron clusters as catalysts for the growth of carbon nanotubes

• Ravi Joshi,
• Benjamin Waldschmidt,
• Jörg Engstler,
• Rolf Schäfer and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 734–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.80

• employing size-selected sub-nm iron clusters as catalyst or precatalyst precursors for CNT growth. Agglomeration of sub-nm iron clusters to iron nanoparticles with a median size range between three and six nanometres and the CNT formation hence can be observed at CVD growth temperatures of 750 °C. Below 600

• parameters, led to an agglomeration of the small sub-nm iron clusters to form iron nanoparticles and hence allowing their subsequent detection under the microscope (Figure 2). This cluster growth process occurs by Ostwald ripening, which takes place as a fast process in a matter of minutes at this

• exhibit a distinct bamboo-like structure showing traversal of the inner cavity by graphitic layers that cap the inner tubes (Figure 4c). Different CNT morphologies exist in parallel to one another in similar samples, indicating the presence of differently sized catalytically active iron nanoparticles in

Structure, morphology, and magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles deposited onto single-crystalline surfaces

• Armin Kleibert,
• Wolfgang Rosellen,
• Mathias Getzlaff and
• Joachim Bansmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 47–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.6

• ) RHEED to get access to their crystallographic structure and orientation and (iii) STM to observe their real space morphology on the substrate. The goal of the manuscript is to correlate the structure and the morphology of deposited iron nanoparticles with their magnetic properties. Experimental