Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• aptamer-tagged gold nanoparticle/Cu-MOFs conjugates to produce sensitive signals. This resulted in a highly effective sandwich sensor capable of detecting AβOs in a linear range from 1 nM to 2 μM, demonstrating a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and a low detection limit of 0.45 nM [75]. Phan and team

• sandwich assay utilizing gold nanoparticles for sensitive detection of AβO, achieving a low detection limit of 100 pM, which is crucial for early AD diagnosis [89]. A novel SPR-based immunosensor, enhanced with gold NPs and antibodies, was developed for ultrasensitive detection of Aβ1–40. The sensor

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• . Electrochemical techniques comparatively offer quick, portable, sensitive, and inexpensive basic equipment for heavy metal detection. The interactions between Ag@ZnO NRs and lead were studied using electrochemical methods. The prepared lead sensor using Ag@ZnO NRs show a very low detection limit and a very high

• that prolonged exposure to lead ions can result in a range of health problems, it is crucial to identify the presence of lead for the sake of public health and environmental preservation. The lead chemical sensor exhibited exceptional sensitivity and a remarkably low detection limit. The synthesized

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• . Notably, the method provides a broad detection range and a low detection limit for SDS, demonstrating significant sensitivity and selectivity. Specifically, the method effectively detects SDS concentrations across a wide range (0–200 µg/mL) with a detection limit of 26.14 µg/mL. This allows the method to

Electrochemical nanostructured CuBTC/FeBTC MOF composite sensor for enrofloxacin detection

• Thi Kim Ngan Nguyen,
• Tien Dat Doan,
• Huy Hieu Luu,
• Hoang Anh Nguyen,
• Thi Thu Ha Vu,
• Quang Hai Tran,
• Ha Tran Nguyen,
• Thanh Binh Dang,
• Thi Hai Yen Pham and
• Mai Ha Hoang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1522–1535, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.120

• coefficients of determination of 0.9990, 0.9954, and 0.9992, respectively, depending on the accumulation duration. The sensor achieved a low detection limit of 3 nM and demonstrated good reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation of 3.83%. Furthermore, the sensor demonstrated effective performance in

• 13 µM, a low detection limit of 3 nM, and high selectivity. Under the experimental conditions, the sensor provided satisfactory recoveries ranging from 90.2% to 121.3% in both tap water and lake water samples. Experimental Reagents and apparatus Reagents Enrofloxacin (ENR, C19H22FN3O3, 98%) was

Simultaneous electrochemical determination of uric acid and hypoxanthine at a TiO₂/graphene quantum dot-modified electrode

• Vu Ngoc Hoang,
• Dang Thi Ngoc Hoa,
• Nguyen Quang Man,
• Le Vu Truong Son,
• Le Van Thanh Son,
• Vo Thang Nguyen,
• Le Thi Hong Phong,
• Ly Hoang Diem,
• Kieu Chan Ly,
• Ho Sy Thang and
• Dinh Quang Khieu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 719–732, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.60

• the performance of TiO2/GQDs-GCE is better than or comparable with other electrodes with low detection limit. Repeatability, stability and reproducibility The parameters for validity of the proposed approaches are the within-run precision (repeatability), reproducibility, and the within-laboratory

New application of bimetallic Ag/Pt nanoplates in a colorimetric biosensor for specific detection of E. coli in water

• Azam Bagheri Pebdeni,
• Mohammad N. AL-Baiati and
• Morteza Hosseini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 95–103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.9

• bacterial concentration. By utilizing paper-based analysis, we were able to achieve naked-eye detection without the need for instruments. Additionally, the peroxidase-like activity of the NPLs paper-based colorimetric sensor was suggested for the first time. With a low detection limit of 10 CFU·mL−1, this

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• transfer [46]. In order to measure the hormone 17β-estradiol in complex sample matrices (milk, urine, or environmental water), Zhang et al. [43] developed a practical FRET-based turn-on fluorescence aptasensor with high selectivity, a low detection limit of 0.35 nM, and an efficient recovery rate of 92.4

• able to attain a very low detection limit of 0.11 μM and a Stern–Volmer quenching constant value of 1.2 × 104 M−1, which demonstrated the accuracy and precision of the MOF’s sensitivity towards the detection of antibiotics. They noticed that the MOF’s (fluorophore) excitation peaks are superimposed

Design of surface nanostructures for chirality sensing based on quartz crystal microbalance

• Yinglin Ma,
• Xiangyun Xiao and
• Qingmin Ji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1201–1219, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.100

• = benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate), Cu(BPDC) (BPDC = biphenyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate), UiO-66, UiO-67, and UiO-68-NH2. The sensing system showed a very low detection limit of 1 ppm for each pure isomer and can discriminate between 16 different xylene mixtures with 96.5% accuracy at a concentration of 100 ppm

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• performed to achieve excellent nanosensor performance, such as higher sensitivity, low detection limit (10.9 pM), linear response range (3 × 10−11–11 × 10−6 M), and fast response time. The proposed ERGO/GCE nanosensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity, long-term storage stability, reproducibility

• detection limit and long-term stability at room temperature. Graphene oxide (GO), consisting of a monolayer of sp2-hybridized carbon atom network, has already been used in electrocatalysis, nanoelectronics, bionanosensors, and sustainable energy storage systems due to its larger active surface area

• samples. Thus, the primary goal of this report was to showcase the fabrication of a more effective, economical, electroactive surface in a simplified way to selectively detect PT residues in real samples. Thus, a robust sensing matrix can be used for designing a nonenzymatic POC device with a low

A non-enzymatic electrochemical hydrogen peroxide sensor based on copper oxide nanostructures

• Irena Mihailova,
• Vjaceslavs Gerbreders,
• Marina Krasovska,
• Eriks Sledevskis,
• Valdis Mizers,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Andrejs Ogurcovs

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 424–436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.35

• . Currently, the electrochemical method is most widely used due to its simplicity, selectivity, and low detection limit. Modified (with enzymes) and unmodified electrodes are used as working electrodes. In the case of modified electrodes, the surface is functionalized by redox-active enzymes (the most popular

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• immunosensor could operate within a wide range from 12.5 to 1111 fg·L−1, with a low detection limit of 0.062 fg·L−1. Multidimensional projections combined with feature selection allowed for the distinction of cell lysates with different levels of PSA, in agreement with results from the traditional enzyme

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• ultrahigh sensitivity and a fast response to NOx gas at room temperature in air, leading to a low detection limit even down to 10 ppb, probably due to the synergic effects of the unique electronic conduction of black phosphor and the heterostructure of the Co3O4 nanoparticles. The inclusion of other

Electrospun one-dimensional nanostructures: a new horizon for gas sensing materials

• Muhammad Imran,
• Nunzio Motta and
• Mahnaz Shafiei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2128–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.202

• annealing and calcination [83]. A very low detection limit (9.7 ppb NOx) with an optimal response time (20 s) is achieved with nanocrystalline (5–10 nm) SnO2 NTs at room temperature [141]. Similar behaviour is exhibited by p-type NiO and CuO toward CO and NO2 [111][112]. The gas sensing behaviour also

Gas sensing properties of MWCNT layers electrochemically decorated with Au and Pd nanoparticles

• Elena Dilonardo,
• Michele Penza,
• Marco Alvisi,
• Riccardo Rossi,
• Gennaro Cassano,
• Cinzia Di Franco,
• Francesco Palmisano,
• Luisa Torsi and
• Nicola Cioffi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 592–603, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.64

• repeatability, and a low detection limit, where all of these sensing properties were controlled by the type and loading of the deposited metal catalytic NPs. Specifically, in the NO2 gas sensing experiments, MWCNTs decorated with the lowest Au content revealed the highest sensitivity at 150 °C, while MWCNTs

Nanostructured SnO₂–ZnO composite gas sensors for selective detection of carbon monoxide

• Paul Chesler,
• Cristian Hornoiu,
• Susana Mihaiu,
• Cristina Vladut,
• Jose Maria Calderon Moreno,
• Mihai Anastasescu,
• Carmen Moldovan,
• Bogdan Firtat,
• Costin Brasoveanu,
• George Muscalu,
• Ion Stan and
• Mariuca Gartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2045–2056, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.195

• compared to its response to CO2, CH4, and C3H8, thus the sensor is considered to be selective for CO under these test conditions. Keywords: composite thin film sensor; dip coating; low detection limit; miniaturized alumina transducer; selective CO detection; sol–gel; Introduction For the past decade, the

A novel electrochemical nanobiosensor for the ultrasensitive and specific detection of femtomolar-level gastric cancer biomarker miRNA-106a

• Maryam Daneshpour,
• Kobra Omidfar and
• Hossein Ghanbarian

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2023–2036, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.193

• methodology and reached a low detection limit for miRNA [29], most of the label-free miRNA biosensors are developed using molecular probes such as methylene blue [30], Oracet blue [21], and ferrocene boronic acid [31]. In spite of the quicker and more accurate results offered by the label-free methods, it

• agreement. It is worth noting that commonly used miRNA determination techniques such as northern blot and qRT-PCR provide a significantly low detection limit (aM-nM) and excellent selectivity [21]. However, their complex time-consuming procedure along with the need for amplification steps has made them

• reproducibility, low detection limit, wide linear range, considerable selectivity, and especially no need for sample pretreatment, present this miRNA biosensing procedure as an ideal way to detect and evaluate miR-106a in biological samples for clinical application. It is believed that this miRNA-nanobiosensor

Layered composites of PEDOT/PSS/nanoparticles and PEDOT/PSS/phthalocyanines as electron mediators for sensors and biosensors

• Celia García-Hernández,
• Cristina García-Cabezón,
• Fernando Martín-Pedrosa,
• José Antonio De Saja and
• María Luz Rodríguez-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1948–1959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.186

• of 10−6 mol·L−1. Conclusion Owing to their unique electrochemical properties, layered composite PEDOT/PSS/EM and PEDOT/PSS/EM-Enz electrodes offer efficient electron transfer, low detection limit, high sensitivity and good reproducibility toward the oxidation of catechol and hydroquinone. Furthermore

Hydrophilic silver nanoparticles with tunable optical properties: application for the detection of heavy metals in water

• Paolo Prosposito,
• Federico Mochi,
• Erica Ciotta,
• Mauro Casalboni,
• Fabio De Matteis,
• Iole Venditti,
• Laura Fontana,
• Giovanna Testa and
• Ilaria Fratoddi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1654–1661, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.157

• by tyrosine and the heavy metal sensing performance was measured by observing the shift of SPR band. In this case the low detection limit for Cu(II) is attributed to the high quality of the AgNPs. From the perspective of optimizing the properties of metal nanoparticles, research groups have focused

Highly NO₂ sensitive caesium doped graphene oxide conductometric sensors

• Carlo Piloto,
• Marco Notarianni,
• Mahnaz Shafiei,
• Elena Taran,
• Dilini Galpaya,
• Cheng Yan and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1073–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.120

• electrodes. They reported a very low detection limit (20 ppb), which is attributed to the high quality of their GO samples (large and highly oxidized flakes). Robinson et al. [46] demonstrated that by increasing the level of reduction it is possible to improve the response time and 1/f noise. It has also

• the GO resulting in the reduction of oxygen groups. The developed GO-Cs based conductometric sensor exhibits a very low detection limit for NO2 (down to ≈90 ppb) at room temperature. This can be attributed to the p-character of the GO film, due to the intercalation of Cs atoms leading to the reduction

Pyrite nanoparticles as a Fenton-like reagent for in situ remediation of organic pollutants

• Carolina Gil-Lozano,
• Elisabeth Losa-Adams,
• Alfonso F.-Dávila and
• Luis Gago-Duport

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 855–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.97

• amperometric microsensor (ISO-HPO-100, World Precision Instruments, Inc.). These sensors contain a flexible, activated carbon-fiber sensing electrode coated with a proprietary membrane that enhances the low detection limit (LDL) of H2O2 to a value of 10 nM (ten times lower than in the bare Pt electrode; LDL

A catechol biosensor based on electrospun carbon nanofibers

• Dawei Li,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Xiaodong Chen,
• Lei Luo,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 346–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.39

• carbonization techniques. And the ECNFs were employed to design a novel laccase-based biosensor, which displayed outstanding sensitivity to catechol with a wide linear range, a low detection limit and a fast response. Furthermore, the biosensor also displayed good repeatability, reproducibility and stability