Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• different components, fiber material composites, nanoscale fibers, and immersion in NPs solutions with a binder. Nanoparticles such as Ag, Au, TiO2, ZnO, Se, SiO2, CuO, and Pt are widely used for textile functionalization [25]. Common methods for incorporating Ag and Cu NPs into cotton textiles involve

• increased inhibition of E. coli and S. aureus using washed Cu/CBV-600-bramante may be attributed to the removal of excess material, which could lead to an increase in surface area and active sites [45]. Most importantly, these results demonstrate that the fabrics retain their antimicrobial activity even

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• of light. As a consequence, light does not differentiate between the constituting materials and only “sees” them as a single material. To study the interaction of light with these metamaterials, we use the effective media approximation to calculate the optical properties of these materials. These

• permittivity that is always positive, and a metal, which has a negative real part of the permittivity below the plasma frequency. The properties of the new material depend on the constituting materials and the geometry of the design. The property of this type of materials we are interested in for this work is

• refractive index because n2 ∝ 1/n02. Various structures exhibiting hyperbolic dispersion have been fabricated and analyzed. The first experimental realization of a layered hyperbolic material took the form of a hyperlens [6]. In 2012, a significant advancement was made by Subramania et al., who fabricated

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• wood to withstand high stress. This structural resilience makes wood a versatile material for applications ranging from construction to advanced composites. However, a detailed understanding of how delignification affects softwood tracheid and hardwood fiber morphology is crucial for predicting

• material behavior and developing modified wood products. This study investigated the overall structural changes due to delignification, in five wood species, namely, spruce, beech, balsa, Douglas fir, and poplar. It additionally provides detailed morphology of delignified single tracheids and fibers

• moves between adjacent fibers and tracheids. Pits are distinguished between simple pits and bordered pits, which are surrounded by a thickened rim of wall material [6][7]. Several plants, such as conifers, have a torus–margo structure with a thin, porous mesh-like region (margo) and a thickened central

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• its reaction product N-methyl-2,3-dihydropyridin-4(1H)-one is highly valuable (>1000 €·g−1) in contrast to the inexpensive starting material (0.15 €·g−1). Various synthesis methods were employed to prepare AuNPs supported on different carbon materials, including reduced graphene oxide (rGO), activated

• biological activities, including anti-cancer and anti-bacterial effects [22]. The pharmaceutical relevance of this compound is further underscored by its high market value (>1000 €·g−1), in stark contrast to the low cost of the starting material. The novelty of this work lies primarily in the use of reduced

• then deposited onto the carbon material. The synthesis of the Au@SiW9/carbon composites was done by the DP method as shown in Figure 1c. The POM salt (SiW9), the gold precursor (KAuCl4), and the carbon material were combined in a solution–dispersion, and the reduction was induced with NaBH4. Synthesis

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06121 Perugia, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.17.14 Keywords: adhesion; bioengineering; functional morphology; material properties; medical coatings; microstructures; nanostructures; optics; structure–function relationships; Micro- and

• hierarchical structures aids in understanding the principles of biological design and inspires advances in biomimetics, mechanical engineering, and materials science. Biomimetics seeks to obtain knowledge on how these structural and material property adaptations affect surface performance and to draw

• coloration [13]. Piersanti et al. [12] described the functional morphology and material composition of the cleaning devices of a damselfly species and experimentally investigated their performance. This species bears specialized grooming structures on the tibiae of its forelegs with dedicated micro- and

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• substrate, depending on processing conditions employed and the chemical species present on the surface. This has implications for the gas permeation barrier properties of this material, graphene transfer mechanisms, as well as the effectiveness of using the oxidation of the copper foil as a rapid graphene

• of the material and lead to a step change in terms of high speed [11][12][13], transparent [14] and flexible electronic devices [15], membranes [16][17], and sensors [18][19]. A large amount of work has been dedicated to the optimisation of the growth process to aid in the formation of large area

• diffusion of material present in the copper foil before growth [36][37], which could lead to variations in the properties of graphene once transferred from the Cu foil to an alternative substrate. We also explore the gas permeation properties of the CVD graphene on Cu [38] by examining the oxygen detected

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• thin layers subjected to thermal treatment at temperatures up to 300 °C. Particular attention is given to the changes in absorption features and spectral shifts that may arise from structural rearrangements within the material. To rationalize the experimental findings, density functional theory (DFT

• direction, resulting in birefringence. The ability of chromophores to isomerize and reorient is strongly influenced by the free volume (unoccupied space) available within a material. The free volume (critical volume) (i.e., the space available for molecular motion within a material) is influenced by both

• thermal treatment. This ensured that the recorded spectra reflect the state of the material right after the treatment. Spectral measurements A Varian Cary 5E UV–vis–NIR spectrometer was employed to analyze absorption spectra of samples (thickness 200–300 nm) in the 250–800 nm spectral range before and

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• considerations into the earliest stages of material development. Advances in machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) have further enhanced the effectiveness of SSbD by providing predictive modelling, risk assessment, decision-making tools, and the ability to computationally screen candidate

• development – one that secures both innovation and safety. Perspective Safe and sustainable by design Safe and sustainable by design can be defined as “a pre-market approach to chemicals and materials design that focuses on providing a function (or service), while avoiding volumes and chemical and material

• climate change, resource use, and protecting ecosystems and biodiversity, adopting a lifecycle perspective” (adapted from [12]). Emphasis on early-stage risk assessment contrasts with more reactive approaches [29], which often identify and attempt to address safety issues only after a material or product

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• tumour photodynamic therapy. The study highlights the excellent light absorption and ROS generation capacity of the material, allowing targeted tumour cell damage while sparing healthy tissues [56]. Similarly, a study reports thermo-responsive gold nanorod vesicles (USGRV-17-AAG) integrate NIR-II

• nuclear delivery in HeLa cells, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and improved tumour inhibition over free DOX, showing promise for cervical carcinoma therapy [72]. Cheah et al. developed a charge-responsive CPH material enabling electrically controlled protein release, reducing off-target effects through

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• material, which could be cut and applied with precision. A control test using a PHB–EL gel (without DFO) confirmed no harmful interaction with the bare steel substrate. Cleaning performance was evaluated for 10, 20, and 30 min of application, and effectiveness was found to increase. Multimodal

• years, the importance of cultural heritage applications has been recognized [45], and material science advancements are being applied in the field of prevention, instead of restoration, of the cultural heritage. At the 15th General Assembly of International Council of Museums (ICOM), held in Buenos

• [46][47]. Over the years, to these established criteria, another aspect has been increasingly, though not yet formally, acknowledged within the conservation community, namely, the sustainability of the material. Along these lines, with broader environmental awareness, coatings are now often expected

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• superconductors has long served as a fundamental criterion for their classification into distinct types. Traditionally, two types are recognized, namely, type I, in which magnetic fields are completely expelled from the material (the Meissner state), and type II, with magnetic flux penetration in the form of

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• electrode material in lithium-ion cells. Mildly reduced graphene oxide paper underwent further thermal reduction steps. The structural and chemical properties of the obtained materials were determined using Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies and elemental combustion analysis. The morphology

• and thickness were determined with scanning electron microscopy imaging. This paper also reveals electrical and electrochemical properties of the material. The conductivity of the material obtained at 800 °C reached ≈70 S/cm, and the discharge capacity reached ≈160 mAh/g at 100 mA/g current density

• . Keywords: electrode material; graphene paper; lithium-ion batteries; reduced graphene oxide; thermal reduction; Introduction Electrode materials comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) for energy storage in lithium-ion-based or sodium-ion-based technologies have been the subject of over 3800 publications

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• employed as a way to detect the spin–orbital coupling (SOC) type of the material [72]. Typically, such devices require three ingredients for achieving the nonreciprocity of the critical current, including lack of inversion and time-reversal symmetries and the presence of the superconducting order parameter

• [1]. However, it should be emphasized that the lack of inversion symmetry is the implication of the gyrotropy in the structure of the material that supports nonreciprocal transport [39]. On the microscopic level, the lack of inversion symmetry is expressed by the SOC term. In this regard, systems

• in the dirty limit. h = (hx, 0, 0) is the exchange field due to the adjacent ferromagnetic material. The matrices τ and σ are 2 × 2 Pauli matrices in the particle–hole and spin spaces, respectively. The superconducting pair potential matrix is defined as , where the transformation matrix is . The

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• two fluorescence bands centered at 525 and 550 nm, respectively; ∆E is the energy difference between the 2H11/2 and 4S4/2 levels, k is Boltzmann’s constant (0.695 cm−1·K−1), T is the absolute temperature in Kelvin (K), and C is a constant associated with the host material and determined by the

• lumen, which may be influenced by ingested material and microbial activity, rather than the metabolic heat production of the intestinal cells themselves. To probe intracellular temperatures, a surface coating engineered for active cellular uptake would be required. Conclusion We successfully

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• discrepancy with the calculations at frequencies over 500 GHz (see Figure 6a). We studied the possible reasons for this and found that the performance deterioration at high frequencies is likely caused by the attenuation in the CPW. We performed calculations of the CPW with the same material parameters as the

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• properties of the nanoparticles [6]. A significant amount of research has focused on CoFe2O4 as a shell material to enhance the magnetic properties of core–shell nanoparticles due to its high coercivity and magnetic anisotropy [7]. The formation of CoFe2O4 shells on Fe3−δO4 cores has been shown to increase

• material to eliminate the cytotoxicity concerns associated with cobalt. Furthermore, we demonstrate size control through synthesis by varying the concentration of oleic acid, a surfactant that influences particle size and morphology. This approach enables the synthesis of NPs with sizes ranging from 5 to

• [dT/dt]t=0 is the derivative function of the temperature at t = 0 (K·s−1). Results and Discussion X-ray diffraction analysis The XRD pattern (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1) displays sharp and intense peaks characteristic of a well-crystallized material. The most intense peak is located at

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• material. The application of confocal microscopy, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, and conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to a supramolecular peptide material has been shown to allow for sub-diffraction resolution imaging of fibre morphology in situ without covalent

• result in phase separation whereby the water freezes, first expelling the ethanol into concentrated domains, which alters microscale material morphology. Such a phenomenon has been exploited for the fractional freezing of water–ethanol mixtures and in liposomal formulations containing water and DMSO [36

• confocal conditions. Importantly, no material is seen in between the fibres, indicating that the ZnPc is bound to the gelator. There is little observable difference in the gel morphology between the gel containing ZnPc and that containing DPP-BC, with both exhibiting long, curving fibres characteristic of

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• Gennes equations; normal metal–superconductor junction; order parameter; proximity effect; superconductivity; Introduction When a superconductor (SC) is brought into contact with a normal metal (NM) or a ferromagnet (FM), Cooper pairs penetrate the adjacent material, imparting superconducting properties

• to it. This phenomenon, known as the proximity effect, enables normal material to support supercurrents and to exhibit a reduced density of states near the Fermi level, where a gap opens in the single-particle spectrum as electrons form into Cooper pairs [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, unpaired

• superconducting correlations in the NM is a hallmark of the proximity effect [14][15][16]. The pair correlations continuously decrease from their bulk value deep inside the superconductor, leak into the normal material, and eventually vanish at a distance much larger than ξn far inside the NM [7][17][18]. The

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• -induced growth of cPNSs in the same year [20]. CPL offers several advantages over the chiral chemical precursors used in the seeded growth approach. First, CPL is traceless. Turning off the CPL removes its influence on the material system, which can simplify the characterization of the material’s

• magnetic fields, respectively. Derived by Tang and Cohen [119], the optical chirality is relevant to gλ, the fractional difference in rates of excitation of a small molecule between LCPL and RCPL at wavelength λ through Equation 2, where gCPL is the material dissymmetry factor, c is the speed of light, Ue

• orientation of the polarization plane of linearly polarized light when traveling through a chiral medium. It is related to the real part of the material refractive index, and a chiral material has a different index for LCPL and RCPL. CB is measured through ORD expressed by Equation 3: where nRCPL and nLCPL

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• -based AuNP colorimetric biosensors In this sensing system, the recognition material is the RNA aptamer, the indicator material is the gold nanoparticle (AuNP), and the sensing signal is colorimetric. The excellent optical-electronic characteristics of AuNPs have been recently considered in point-of-care

• significant difference in the detected amounts of MeCbl among the utilized diagnostic assays [78]. Small-molecule-based colorimetric chemosensors for cobalt/VB12 detection In this class, the recognition material is a small-molecule receptor (chemosensor), the indicator material is its intrinsic chromophore or

• phenols in a diazotization-like process produced a range of azo derivatives, 3-(diazenyl)-2-(styryl)quinazolin-4(3H)-one for detecting metal ions of Co2+ and Fe2+, where the azo-quinazolinone acted as the recognition material, the azo chromophore acted as the indicator, and the sensing readout was a

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• technology to catch up with his ideas, his foresight catalyzed a profound shift in the way scientists approached the material world. What was once philosophical became increasingly feasible and eventually tangible. Since then, various aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology have evolved, ranging from the

• acceleration after the discovery of fullerene by Kroto and co-workers in 1985 and witnessed an even more rapid surge following the discovery of graphene and the award of the Physics Nobel Prize in 2010 [6][7]. Graphene is often referred to as a “wonder material” due to its seemingly infinite potential in

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• , attack the polymer chains of MPs. They either break the chains into smaller pieces or mineralize them into CO2 and water. A lot of research is being done on the photocatalytic properties of nanomaterials like TiO2, graphene oxide (GO), and ZnO. An excellent material for breaking down MPs in water systems

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• perpendicular to the layers in the stacking direction. We compared the decay of the current with the number of layers and evaluated the ability of h-BN to filter currents as a material coating. To investigate the effect of disorder, we included two major defects in the graphene lattice, namely, nitrogen doping

• ) is a material that shares many structural and electronic properties with graphite. It is isoelectronic to graphene with N contributing two electrons to the π-conjugated bond and B contributing zero electrons, as opposed to graphene, where each C atom contributes one electron. The h-BN structure is

• composed of polar bonds with N acting as electron donor and B acting as electron acceptor. Unlike graphene and graphite, h-BN shows high resistivity and is a large-bandgap semiconductor [17]. h-BN has a wide range of applications due to its unique properties [18]. It is used as a substrate material for

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• quantitatively evaluate these risks. A three-level interdependence scale (1: low, 3: medium, 9: high) was applied to assess the relationship between the QTPP and CQAs (Supporting Information File 1, Table S1), as well as between the CQAs and the critical material attributes (CMAs) and critical process parameters

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• reducing capacity. Conclusion Ag-based materials, which are well known for their antibacterial properties, have been the subject of many studies. Therefore, in this study, AgSbS2 NCs belonging to the Ag-based chalcogenide material family were produced using the hot-injection method to examine their