N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• subsequent alterations in the material properties. As indicated by the TRIM simulations, a single nitrogen ion with this energy can produce 95 displacements, that is, 95 vacancies and no replacement collisions, before coming to a stop, as illustrated in Figure 1D. This significant level of displacement

Biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces: from nature to theory and applications

• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Thies H. Büscher,
• Manuela Rebora,
• Poramate Manoonpong,
• Zhendong Dai and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 418–421, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.32

• environmental pressures. Such pressures involve intricate interactions between surface structures and the environment across different scales, including nano-, micro-, and macroscales. Biomimetics aims at making use of understanding how these adaptations and the particular material properties of these surfaces

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• development cycles and high cost. The rapid advancement in AI and machine learning is revolutionizing material design and screening processes [219]. Machine learning has achieved significant success in predicting various material properties, including morphology, toxicity, photothermal characteristics

Comparison of organic and inorganic hole transport layers in double perovskite material-based solar cell

• Deepika K and
• Arjun Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 119–127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.11

• perfect material properties, such as uniformity in thickness, defect density, and material interfaces, which do not represent real-world conditions. Further, complicated interfacial effects between the active layer and the HTLs, such as chemical interactions, degradation, or the existence of intermediary

Modeling and simulation of carbon-nanocomposite-based gas sensors

• Roopa Hegde,
• Punya Prabha V,
• Shipra Upadhyay and
• Krishna S B

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 90–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.9

• is made up of a carbon nanocomposite material, and the material properties considered in this project are as shown in Table 1. Gas chamber modeling The sensor is placed within an enclosed chamber which consist of two outlets and a single inlet at the top of the chamber. This chamber is specifically

Integrating high-performance computing, machine learning, data management workflows, and infrastructures for multiscale simulations and nanomaterials technologies

• Fabio Le Piane,
• Mario Vozza,
• Matteo Baldoni and
• Francesco Mercuri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1498–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.119

• ]. The digital twin serves as a powerful tool for predictive modelling, optimization, and design of materials, allowing researchers to assess performance under different conditions, predict degradation mechanisms, and optimize material properties. It also facilitates virtual experimentation, reducing the

• the material, capturing real-world behavior and enabling better calibration and validation of the models. This integration allows researchers to refine and improve the models, making them more accurate and reliable in predicting material properties, performance, and behavior under different scenarios

• . Physics-based models are built upon fundamental principles and equations, capturing the underlying physics or chemistry of materials. These models describe the interactions between atoms, molecules, or particles, allowing researchers to simulate and predict material properties and behavior at different

Lithium niobate on insulator: an emerging nanophotonic crystal for optimized light control

• Midhun Murali,
• Amit Banerjee and
• Tanmoy Basu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1415–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.114

• , DBRs are expected to play an increasingly important role in realizing the promise of quantum technologies. Lithium niobate (LN) is a compelling choice for DBRs due to its unique combination of material properties as it has a high refractive index and exhibits unique optical and electro-optic properties

• Supporting Information File 1) should also simultaneously consider the cost of computation time and quality. Electromagnetic wave frequency domain solves a modeling problem involving Maxwell’s equations under the assumption that all material properties are constant concerning field strength, and the fields

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• applied to the foretibial grooming structures. We interpreted the final images and described the material properties of the cuticle as follows: (1) Red areas are likely well-sclerotized, (2) green-to-yellow areas are less sclerotized in comparison to red ones and mechanically stable, but relatively

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• area with the substrate. Keywords: adhesion; attachment pads; friction; locomotion; morphology; material properties; wear; Introduction Ageing inexorably affects most living organisms, does not exclude insects, and makes different organs or tissues susceptible to wear or fatigue of material [1

• euplantulae of older animals. The wear patterns included scarred scratches (Figure 7E), scarred tissue from larger wounds (Figure 7F), and deformations of the pad surface that potentially arose from inhomogeneous changes of the material properties of the cuticle (Figure 7G). Other wear marks were found on the

• , damage, contaminations, and changes of material properties of the integument of the attachment pads. Geckos, however, continuously shed their skin throughout their life, in contrast to insects; this was shown to enable regeneration of the adhesive properties of the attachment system to some extent [62

Enhancing higher-order modal response in multifrequency atomic force microscopy with a coupled cantilever system

• Wendong Sun,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Yanan Chen,
• Zhipeng Dou,
• Rui Lin,
• Peng Cheng,
• Xiaodong Gao,
• Quan Yuan and
• Yifan Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.57

• ; Introduction Multifrequency atomic force microscopy (AFM) has become an important tool for nanoscale imaging and characterization [1][2]. This technique involves the excitation and detection of multiple frequencies to improve data acquisition speed, sensitivity, and resolution, as well as to enable material

• properties mapping with additional contrast [3]. Among the various multifrequency AFM methods, bimodal AFM is the most commonly used, which relies on the excitation and detection of two resonant frequencies [4]. Most studies have focused on the first two eigenmodes of the cantilever, with the fundamental

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , especially in Phasmatodea. Recent investigations of the ultrastructure and material properties of the smooth tarsal attachment pads of phasmids complement our information on the morphology of the droplets [38], biomechanics of their attachment performance [28][46][47][48][49][50][51], and the complementarity

•  5 (euplantulae)). In general, the hierarchical organization of the fibres enables local deformation to adjust to the surface profile of the substrate (e.g., [20][45][70]). This results in anisotropic material properties (i.e., the pads are soft during compression); however, those withstand high

• the arolium and euplantulae of the cockroach G. portentosa. The hollow spaces between fibres within the primary rod layer and the branching rod layer can also be important for adjusting the material properties of the attachment pads. Adhesive secretion kept within the spaces could impact the

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• affinities for the drug molecule at different pH values. Hence, the observed differences in drug release profiles between pH 5.5 and 7.4 can be plausibly attributed to these pH-dependent interactions [57]. Factors such as pH value, coating material properties, coating thickness, and drug binding capacity

Ion beam processing of DNA origami nanostructures

• Leo Sala,
• Agnes Zerolová,
• Violaine Vizcaino,
• Alain Mery,
• Alicja Domaracka,
• Hermann Rothard,
• Philippe Boduch,
• Dominik Pinkas and
• Jaroslav Kocišek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 207–214, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.20

• of various factors concerning material properties and the parameters of the impinging ion beam [22][23][24][25]. While crucial for modern nanotechnology, SHI cause severe damage to DNA [26][27][28]. This challenges the use of DNA-based nanomaterials for combined top-down and bottom-up nanoprocessing

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• material properties [17][18][19][20][21][22]. AFM companies included variations of the pulse force mode in their microscopes, such as PeakForce™ Tapping (Bruker), Digital Pulsed Force Mode™ (WITec), HybriD mode (NT-DMT), and WaveMode (Nanosurf). While these implementations have subtle differences, we refer

• led to a significant increase in the achievable ORT frequency [24]. The other speed-limiting factor is the snap-off ringing of the cantilever, especially for applications in air and vacuum [27]. Although this physical phenomenon can be used to extract material properties [28], it slows down the

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• achieve precise optical characterization, one could employ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) with more refined division into sub-layers [26] and consider additional material properties, such as the anisotropy of PAAO [27] and the optical dispersion of the refractive index (RI) of Al2O3 [28]. However, for

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• overruling material properties. The tissue distribution can be important regarding active and passive targeting of different tissues, such as tumors or inflammation sites. It also gives an idea about possible side effects as high nanoparticle concentration usually correlates with high drug concentration

• potentially cause undesired side effects [31]. Nevertheless, effective cellular uptake of the majority of soft nanoparticles can be improved either by tuning the material properties or by active targeting. The usage of nanoparticles with high deformability for enhanced passive tumor targeting seems to be a

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• effect of gravity on the displacement is taken into account. The voltage excitation signal is introduced to the LNO terminals as shown in the inset of Figure 2. The material properties of PZT and LNO thin films were derived from the literature and are summarized in Table 1. The strain-charge form is

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• nanoscale material properties of the fiber surface, though they present additional challenges versus stiffness maps that must be addressed. In particular, tip wear has to be carefully monitored to ensure that the tip radius is well characterized in each scan. Here we focused ET analysis on small fiber

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• potential is modified by the presence of surface states induced by surface defects since we know that KPFM is a surface technique and that the simulated VCPD variation at this stage is based solely on bulk material properties and is not affected by any surface defects. Therefore, the experimental surface

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• conductivity, tunability of materials for realizing broadband energy absorption, appearance of new mechanisms of photon absorption, and improved prospects of preserving material properties [4][5][6]. Nanoparticle heating can result also due to the conversion of optical absorption by plasmons into heat. This

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• device provides complementary information about desirable material properties intrinsic to the active plasmonic element. Only the combination of both experimental methods discussed here provides the complete set of information required for an optimised design of the element. An AFM image of a 10 × 10 μm2

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• biorecognition arrays or be transferred to the underneath Au layer for metallic structure creation. By combining CLL process with this gap phenomenon, soft material properties that are previously thought as demerits can be used to achieve sub-10 nm features in a straightforward sketch. Keywords: chemical lift

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• seamlessly transferred from fundamental research to routine applications. Example of nanomechanical profiling strategy of patient tissues for medical diagnosis. Multiple non-invasive and invasive indentation-based strategies are proposed to characterize the frequency-dependent material properties of multiple

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• quite significantly from spider silk fibers regarding diameter and material properties (e.g., Young’s modulus). In this work, we present a theoretical model of the interaction of nanofibers with a sinusoidal surface based on an energy approach. This model allows for a prediction of the adhesive

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• material properties on propolis adhesion, further adhesion experiments were performed. The morphology of real mandibles including the microstructures were successfully replicated in mandible replica made from Spurr’s epoxy resin (Figure 11A). Propolis adhesion was subsequently tested on these replicated