Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• CasaXPS (version 2.3.26PR1.0) with Shirley-type backgrounds for the high-resolution spectra, and elemental composition was calculated from the wide scans using the NPL transmission functions and average matrix relative sensitivity factors after removal of a Tougaard or linear background [45]. Results and

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• function and various bodily processes. Certain enzymes, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), hyaluronidases (HAases), γ-glutamyltransferases (GGTs), aminopeptidases (APNs), esterases, and others, are found more regularly in cancer cells [32][47][48][49]. By encapsulating specific enzyme substrates in

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• matrix [33]. The Gauss neuron represents a two-junction interferometer that is also shunted symmetrically to generate the output signal. This type of circuit was considered for the first time in [34][35][36][37] and named the quantum flux parametron (QFP). In [38], it was demonstrated that the energy

• of the neuron’s receiving parts with respect to receiving the input signal. The corresponding component of the inductance matrix is quite small; however, it significantly affects the shape of the TF. Therefore, the designs proposed in [26][27] require further refinement. In this work, we study sigma

• on averaging the 3D current over the thin thickness of a superconductor film [49][50]. In contrast to InductEx and SuperVoxHenry, it leads to a set of 2D integro-differential equations instead of three-dimensional ones. As a result, 3D-MLSI can work without the large matrix procession techniques

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• , changes in relative intensity and slight shifts in the amide and carbonyl bands were noted, suggesting intermolecular interactions between R-PE, 5-FU, and the lipid matrix. These spectral shifts are indicative of hydrogen bonding and rearrangement of the molecular microenvironment, phenomena commonly

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• ) layer. Subsequently, the authors incorporated the PCA-coated VCMs into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix, significantly reducing the thermal conductivity of the coatings and improving their surface hydrophobicity. The coating provided robust protection for concrete, enhancing abrasion resistance and

• hydrocarbon chain length and halogen content, which influenced their interaction with the geopolymer matrix. Both materials showed increased hydrophobicity, particularly when using long-chain or halogenated alkoxysilanes, which helped chemical bonding between the hybrid coatings and the geopolymer structure

• labeled F-WPU@ZIF-8/ Ti3C2Tx. The two nanomaterials (the MOF ZIF-8 and the 2D MXene Ti3C2Tx), synthesized and dispersed uniformly before being incorporated into the WPU matrix and sprayed onto the bronze substrates, were aimed to fill microcracks and structural defects in the polymer matrix, improving

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• -neighbor hopping amplitude, and g > 0 denotes the onsite attraction strength. An external magnetic field is incorporated via the Peierls substitution in the hopping matrix elements as where A(r) is the vector potential associated with the magnetic field B = ∇ × A. Within the mean-field approximation, the

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• in the dirty limit. h = (hx, 0, 0) is the exchange field due to the adjacent ferromagnetic material. The matrices τ and σ are 2 × 2 Pauli matrices in the particle–hole and spin spaces, respectively. The superconducting pair potential matrix is defined as , where the transformation matrix is . The

• constant, and τz is the Pauli matrix in the particle–hole space. In the general case, the operator . The Green’s function matrix is also transformed as . To facilitate the solution procedures of the nonlinear Usadel equations, we employ θ parametrization of the Green’s functions [82]: Substituting the

• above matrix into the Usadel equation (Equation 4), we obtain in the superconducting S parts |x| > L/2: where the indices i = 1, 2 refer to the superconducting parts S1 and S2, respectively, qi = q + 2hi/α, and in the normal N part −L/2 < x < L/2: where θs(N) means the value of θ is the S(N) of the TI

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• photonic UC of multiple NIR photons into visible luminescence [38]. As an example, in the NaYF4:Er3+/Yb3+ composite (such as that used in this work), the NaYF4 crystal matrix is co-doped with Yb3+ acting as the sensitizer to enhance the NIR absorption cross section, whereas the Er3+ ion acts as the emitter

• outer tissues. Aldehyde fixatives act at the organism’s surface without significantly altering the internal optical environment where the UC nanoparticles are located. Because upconversion luminescence arises from lanthanide ions shielded within the nanoparticle matrix, its emission is largely

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• may be structurally perturbed. In contrast, DPP-BC enables high-resolution imaging across both techniques with minimal structural disruption. This divergence underscores the importance of selecting fluorophores not merely for brightness, but also for compatibility with the gel matrix and the imaging

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• solving the Bogoliubov–de Gennes matrix equations [5][47][48][49]: where u and v are eigenvectors, and E the corresponding eigenvalues, μ represents the chemical potential of the system, which is adjusted to have the electron density below half-filling, , where N is the number of lattice sites, to avoid

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• support matrix for these composites, stabilizing the photocatalyst and enhancing its interaction with MPs [78]. Another novel strategy is the use of multifunctional nanomaterials, such as ZnO–CuO composites, which have both antibacterial and strong photocatalytic activity. These substances provide long

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• advanced and the retarded Green’s function, respectively. ΓL and ΓR are the broadening functions of the electrodes. The Green’s function of the electrode–conductor–electrode system is given by Equation 4. HC is the Hamiltonian matrix of the conductor, with HL and HR representing the Hamiltonian matrices of

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , and linoleic acids) are physiologically relevant to skin health. Oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids are the major components of the epidermal and dermal lipid matrix [15]. The balance among these fatty acids is associated with skin homeostasis, influencing the activity of enzymes that regulate

• the oil matrix. A second thermal event began (Tonset = 384 °C) corresponding to the thermal degradation of the oil (Figure 1). This thermal behavior is consistent with that reported for P. edulis seed oil, which exhibited a similar decomposition profile [20]. Quality by design approach Defining the

• ]. To further assess potential formulation and process risks, an Ishikawa (fishbone) diagram was constructed to visualize and categorize possible sources of variability affecting the identified CQAs (Figure 2) [22]. Following this qualitative analysis, a risk estimation matrix (REM) was employed to

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• structure similar to a fiber-reinforced elastomer, with a fibrillar nature that leads to anisotropic mechanical properties [40][41][42]. Rather than explicitly resolving individual fibers and the surrounding amorphous matrix, we represented the spatula with a coarse-grained bead network whose anisotropic

• these nodes becomes Here, KFE is a diagonal matrix representing spring contributions assembled over ΩBD. The remaining nodes of the finite element mesh adjusted their positions in response to the displacement of the top and the forces transmitted from the molecular dynamics domain at the bottom by

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• established technique, an obvious advantage is that countless compounds contain NMR-active nuclei, and the interested reader is referred to one of the excellent review articles by Kärger and coworkers [21][22][23]. However, the solvents and the matrix of the porous host can also be NMR-active, which makes

• SerNH10SIL where values higher than αs = 2 are reached. Investigations on an independent chiral matrix Chiralpak IG-3 is a commercially available type of chiral stationary phase used in HPLC for the separation of enantiomers [66]. Chiralpak IG-3 consists of a chiral selector that is based on cellulose

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• applications and naturally occurring in vertebrates [26][27]. It is a key element of the extracellular matrix, providing a gelatinous structure where collagen and elastin fibers are embedded. As an endogenous molecule, it demonstrates ideal biocompatibility and full absorption by human tissues. Its natural

• of the encapsulated drug also impacts its release profile. Uncontrolled crystallization of the drug can affect its distribution, leading to the formation of crystals on the fiber surface. In contrast, an amorphous form tends to be more uniformly incorporated into the fiber matrix. Such nonuniform

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• and that of the cement suggests that the inclusions of the heterogeneous granules would inflate through a still unexplained process to form hollow spheroids dispersed in the cement matrix, leading to the formation of a complex composite material. Keywords: adhesive protein; Annelida; biological

• TEM (Figure 2F,G). The cement matrix is homogeneous and of medium electron density. It encloses hollow spheroids of various sizes, as well as small electron-dense granules and small lacunae (Figure 2F). The exception is the periphery of the cement spot, which is made up entirely of the matrix, giving

• . The sizes of the electron-dense granules and lacunae are 50–700 nm and 50–1400 nm in diameter, respectively. They are homogeneously distributed in the matrix between the hollow spheroids (Figure 2F,G). Morphology and ultrastructure of the adhesive glands The body of S. alveolata measures approximately

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• (SEM EDX) together with machine learning-based hyperspectral data processing, which uses non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to separate the EDX signals of structures from the ones of the substrate. As already shown, this type of analysis greatly enhances the applicability of SEM EDX for the

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• load (for example, for ground and balloon observations), such detectors are combined into matrices; the power of incoming radiation is distributed between the matrix elements and, accordingly, the dynamic range of the detecting device can be significantly increased. Deployment at “Big Telescope Alt

• (IMPATT diode) of the detecting matrix in the 75–110 GHz range were carried out. Photos from the expedition are presented in Figure 8. The ratio of resistances on the presented current–voltage characteristic is about 30, which, according to Equation 3, corresponds to an electron temperature of 0.5 K with

• characteristics of the SINIS detector matrix installed inside the cryostat with a closed optical window and under irradiation by the source; The lower part demonstrates a PT2 temperature of 2.6 K and a 3He pot temperature of 263 mK. Transmission spectrum of the cold mesh filter. (a) I–V curves and dynamic

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• achieve a diode effect, enabling non-reciprocal soliton propagation. Building upon these foundational concepts, we then propose two specific architectural solutions: a programmable switch and a versatile routing matrix, which we term the “WayMatrix”. We suggest that these architectures provide a framework

• , which can be represented in matrix form: The resulting system of N ordinary differential equations is expressed in the matrix form shown in Equation 7. In this equation, is the vector of nodal phases, N is the total number of non-ground nodes, and is the N × N mass matrix (also known as the

• capacitance matrix), which is defined by the capacitive coupling coefficients from Equation 6. A key property of is its sparsity, which arises directly from the local connectivity of the circuit topology; each node is connected to a small subset of other nodes. To increase computational efficiency, we

Self-assembly and adhesive properties of Pollicipes pollicipes barnacle cement protein cp19k: influence of pH and ionic strength

• Shrutika Sawant,
• Anne Marie Power and
• J. Gerard Wall

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1863–1872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.129

• , apparently requiring days to several weeks, this likely prevents premature cement curing within the gland – this is the post-secretion process of enzymatic and oxidative crosslinking of adhesive proteins to transform them into a hardened, insoluble matrix that enables permanent underwater adhesion of the

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• different electronic stopping behavior, which results in a distinct ionization of the surrounding matrix. Furthermore, the chemical reactivity of Ag towards functional groups in polymers differs from that of Cu or C, potentially leading to unique structural modifications and functional responses. Among

• surface electrical resistivity [8]. During implantation, the kinetic energy of the implanted particles is transferred to the matrix, causing local crystallization and carbonization of the polymer structures. This process is associated with the destruction of the original covalent bonds (e.g., C–N, C=O

• carbonized matrix, conjugated bonds, and silver cluster structures exhibits dramatically higher conductivity than the unmodified material, which can be exploited, for example, for the fabrication of flexible optoelectronics, thin-film electrodes, or electroactive sensors [12]. In addition to the increase in

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• (Figure 2C), surrounded by a polymeric shell that regulates its release profile; alternatively, the drug may be adsorbed onto the polymeric wall (Figure 2D). In contrast, nanospheres are formed when the drug is either adsorbed onto the surface of the polymeric matrix (Figure 2B) or retained inside it

• encapsulating either hydrophilic or hydrophobic drugs, depending on the physicochemical compatibility between the drug and the polymeric matrix. The distribution of the drug within the matrix is influenced by drug–polymer interactions, as well as by the type of polymer and the manufacturing method employed

• . Release from nanospheres is generally governed by a combination of polymer degradation and drug diffusion through the matrix. Additionally, when hydrophilic polymers are employed, swelling-induced release becomes relevant, wherein polymer chain relaxation significantly influences the diffusion rate and

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• ), making it a promising ingredient for NE formulations [31][32][33]. Clinical studies have demonstrated that fatty acids derived from linseed oil are effective in alleviating DED, primarily by modulating inflammatory responses and downregulating key molecular markers, such as interleukin-1 beta, matrix