Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• . Emerging strategies, including stimuli-responsive polymers and advanced nanoparticle systems, offer potential solutions to these challenges. The review underscores the transformative potential of polymer-enhanced ASO delivery in personalised medicine, emphasising the importance of continued innovation to

• potential use in precision medicine over the past decade. Review Synthetic polymers for enhanced ASOs delivery Polymer-assisted platforms for enhanced delivery have attracted considerable attention because of their versatile drug delivery capabilities and their diverse chemical composition, which enables

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• medicine, electronics, environmental remediation, and energy [10][11]. The use of certain metal dopants to modify the chemical, optical, and electrical features of a material has gained considerable interest in the realm of semiconductor technology. A recent study has conducted thorough investigations into

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• nanoparticles (NPs) with defined particle sizes and narrow size distribution width is driven by the growing integration of nanomaterials into various industrial applications, such as medicine [1][2][3], catalysis [4][5], sensors [6][7], and additive manufacturing [8]. The performance of NPs typically depends on

• medicine for gold [9][29], strengthened ceramics and steels for high-temperature applications for Y2O3 [45][46][47], and catalysis and energy storage for HEAs [48][49]. The produced NPs are compared with those obtained with Gaussian beams. The evolution of the PLAL-generated cavitation bubble dynamics was

Fabrication and evaluation of BerNPs regarding the growth and development of Streptococcus mutans

• Tuyen Huu Nguyen,
• Hong Thanh Pham,
• Kieu Kim Thanh Nguyen,
• Loan Hong Ngo,
• Anh Ngoc Tuan Mai,
• Thu Hoang Anh Lam,
• Ngan Thi Kim Phan,
• Dung Tien Pham,
• Duong Thuy Hoang,
• Thuc Dong Nguyen and
• Lien Thi Xuan Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 308–315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.23

• -resistant bacteria and the associated adverse effects, such as allergies, have increased the prevalence of using natural compounds to treat bacterial diseases. Among these, berberine, a plant-based alkaloid traditionally used in medicine, has been recognized for its antibacterial, antiviral, and anti

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• from researchers [26]. It is abundantly found in the shells of crustaceans and is the most abundant biopolymer after cellulose [27]. Figure 2 shows the chemical structure of chitosan. Chitosan has been studied extensively and is recognized as a prominent material in the fields of medicine, food, and

Radiosensitizing properties of dual-functionalized carbon nanostructures loaded with temozolomide

• Radmila Milenkovska,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Petre Makreski,
• Dushko Lukarski,
• Igor Stojkovski,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska and
• Kristina Mladenovska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 229–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.18

• . 45, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Str. Arhimedova No. 5, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia University Clinic of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss

• . Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Blv. Mother Theresa No. 17, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Str. 50th Division No. 6, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia 10.3762/bjnano.16.18 Abstract In the present study

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• Jiayuan Zhuang Linhui Jia Chenghao Li Rui Yang Jiapeng Wang Wen-an Wang Heng Zhou Xiangxia Luo Clinical College of Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China School of Marine Science

• and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, P. R. China The first school of clinical medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China Gansu Provincial Hospital of TCM, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China 10.3762/bjnano.16.16

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• the Research Park of Saint Petersburg State University (Centre for X-ray Diffraction Studies; Interdisciplinary Resource Centre for Nanotechnology; Centre for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation; Centre for Diagnostics of Functional Materials for Medicine, Pharmacology and Nanoelectronics

Nanocarriers and macrophage interaction: from a potential hurdle to an alternative therapeutic strategy

• Naths Grazia Sukubo,
• Paolo Bigini and
• Annalisa Morelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 97–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.10

• Naths Grazia Sukubo Paolo Bigini Annalisa Morelli School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, Italy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, Milano, Italy 10.3762/bjnano

Instance maps as an organising concept for complex experimental workflows as demonstrated for (nano)material safety research

• Benjamin Punz,
• Maja Brajnik,
• Joh Dokler,
• Jaleesia D. Amos,
• Litty Johnson,
• Katie Reilly,
• Anastasios G. Papadiamantis,
• Amaia Green Etxabe,
• Lee Walker,
• Diego S. T. Martinez,
• Steffi Friedrichs,
• Klaus M. Weltring,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli,
• Claus Svendsen,
• Christine Ogilvie Hendren,
• Mark R. Wiesner,
• Martin Himly,
• Iseult Lynch and
• Thomas E. Exner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 57–77, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.7

• ). In medicine [7][8] and agriculture [9][10], loading of nanomaterials with active ingredients and targeting the materials to key sites for action are enabled through surface functionalisation and the small size of nanomaterials, which allows them to access all areas. An important consequence of the

Mechanistic insights into endosomal escape by sodium oleate-modified liposomes

• Ebrahim Sadaqa,
• Satrialdi,
• Fransiska Kurniawan and
• Diky Mudhakir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1667–1685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.131

• aurein 1.2 peptide (≥95% purity) was synthesized by GL Biochem (Shanghai, China). 4T1 mouse mammary carcinoma cells (ATCC® CRL-2539) were generously provided by Dr. Muhammad Hasan Bashari, Faculty of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. Preparation of liposomal formulations In this study, we

Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification

• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna,
• Alina E. Grigor’eva,
• Ilya S. Dovydenko and
• Elena I. Ryabchikova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130

• Julia E. Poletaeva Anastasiya V. Tupitsyna Alina E. Grigor'eva Ilya S. Dovydenko Elena I. Ryabchikova Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Lavrent’ev av., 8, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russian Federation 10.3762/bjnano.15.130 Abstract A

Biomimetic nanocarriers: integrating natural functions for advanced therapeutic applications

• Hugo Felix Perini,
• Beatriz Sodré Matos,
• Carlo José Freire de Oliveira and
• Marcos Vinicius da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1619–1626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.127

• strategy for personalized medicine. Keywords: cancer; drug delivery; human health; mimetics; nanotechnology; Introduction Human exposure to nanoparticles has naturally occurred for millennia, with a notable intensification following the industrial revolution [1]. The foundational concept of modern

Natural nanofibers embedded in the seed mucilage envelope: composite hydrogels with specific adhesive and frictional properties

• Agnieszka Kreitschitz and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1603–1618, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.126

• The increasing interests in natural, biodegradable, non-toxic materials that can find application in diverse industry branches, for example, food, pharmacy, medicine, or materials engineering, has steered the attention of many scientists to plants, which are a known source of natural hydrogels

• mucilage produced by plant diaspores became of high interest in diverse sectors, such as medicine, cosmetics, food, biomedicine, pharmaceutics, nanomaterials, and bioinspired nanotechnology [11][17][18][19][20]. Mucilage is a natural, biodegradable, non-toxic plant product, odourless, colourless, and

• as food, agriculture, and medicine [20][114][115]. Diverse other substances and systems with antimicrobial activity (antibiotics, essential oils, phenolics, and metal nanoparticles) can be incorporated into the mucilage hydrogels, which after some additional modifications can be used for the

Liver-targeting iron oxide nanoparticles and their complexes with plant extracts for biocompatibility

• Shushanik A. Kazaryan,
• Seda A. Oganian,
• Gayane S. Vardanyan,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko and
• Ashkhen A. Hovhannisyan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1593–1602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.125

• samples on the liver of Wistar rats was identified. Keywords: biocompatibility; hepatotoxicity; iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle; rutin; Teucrium polium (T. polium); Introduction Leveraging nanotechnology, personalized medicine, and interdisciplinary collaboration is essential for overcoming the complex

• challenges associated with human health. Nanotechnology offers great opportunities in medicine because of the physicochemical properties at the nanoscale. There are efforts to apply unique quantum phenomena at the nanoscale in the fields of medicine, biomedical sciences, bioengineering, food technology

• , biochemistry, biophysics, and other disciplines within biology and medicine [1][2][3][4][5]. The development of nanotechnology has provided resources for various applications in the medical field, leading to significant advances in diagnosis, biological detection, therapy, and drug delivery [6][7][8][9]. An

Polymer lipid hybrid nanoparticles for phytochemical delivery: challenges, progress, and future prospects

• Iqra Rahat,
• Pooja Yadav,
• Aditi Singhal,
• Mohammad Fareed,
• Jaganathan Raja Purushothaman,
• Mohammed Aslam,
• Raju Balaji,
• Sonali Patil-Shinde and
• Md. Rizwanullah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1473–1497, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.118

• Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, P.O. Box 71666, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia Department of Orthopaedics, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai-602105, Tamil Nadu, India Pharmacy Department, Tishk

• therapeutic efficacy [44]. The development of PLHNPs for phytochemical delivery holds significant promise across various biomedical applications. PLHNPs can be utilized in cancer therapy, cardiovascular disease management, neurodegenerative disorder treatment, and other areas of medicine where phytochemicals

• in Ayurvedic and Chinese medicine because of its numerous health benefits. CUR is known for a wide range of therapeutic effects, which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic, and anti-arthritic properties [77][78]. Despite

Interaction of graphene oxide with tannic acid: computational modeling and toxicity mitigation in C. elegans

• Romana Petry,
• James M. de Almeida,
• Francine Côa,
• Felipe Crasto de Lima,
• Diego Stéfani T. Martinez and
• Adalberto Fazzio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1297–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.105

• ; toxicity mitigation; Introduction Graphene oxide (GO) has many potential applications in electronics, advanced materials, bio-medicine, energy, agriculture, and environmental technology [1][2][3]. It consists of a graphene sheet with surface oxygen functional groups such as epoxide, ketone, hydroxy

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• concentrated red blood cell (RBC) (type B+) plastic bags, collected according to their consent form for blood donation, were provided by the Hemocenter from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. First, the RBCs were washed three times with PBS (pH 7.4, 10 mM) followed by

Realizing active targeting in cancer nanomedicine with ultrasmall nanoparticles

• André F. Lima,
• Giselle Z. Justo and
• Alioscka A. Sousa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1208–1226, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.98

• . Keywords: active targeting; cancer; nanoclusters; renal clearance; ultrasmall nanoparticles; Review 1 Introduction Nanotechnology has opened new avenues for tackling unmet challenges in medicine [1][2][3]. In the field of oncology, a notable application involves the use of engineered nanoparticles (NPs

A low-kiloelectronvolt focused ion beam strategy for processing low-thermal-conductance materials with nanoampere currents

• Annalena Wolff,
• Nico Klingner,
• William Thompson,
• Yinghong Zhou,
• Jinying Lin and
• Yin Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1197–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.97

• Xiamen Medical College, Fujian, China School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast QLD 4222, Australia 10.3762/bjnano.15.97 Abstract Ion beam-induced heat damage in thermally low conductive specimens such as biological samples is gaining increased interest within the scientific

AI-assisted models to predict chemotherapy drugs modified with C₆₀ fullerene derivatives

• Jonathan-Siu-Loong Robles-Hernández,
• Dora Iliana Medina,
• Katerin Aguirre-Hurtado,
• Marlene Bosquez,
• Roberto Salcedo and
• Alan Miralrio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1170–1188, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.95

• in pharmacy and medicine is carbon-based nanomaterials because of their physicochemical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties [19][20], as well as their capacity to modify existing drugs. Fullerene derivatives have been proposed recently, particularly those obtained from fullerene

• C60 [21]. The unmodified fullerene C60 is known as a “free radical sponge” because its double bonds tend to accept free radicals [22]. Because of its size, surface area, and capacity to extinguish or generate reactive oxygen species, C60 is very promising in medicine and clinical therapy [23][24]. It

Introducing third-generation periodic table descriptors for nano-qRASTR modeling of zebrafish toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles

• Supratik Kar and
• Siyun Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1142–1152, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.93

• Supratik Kar Siyun Yang Chemometrics and Molecular Modeling Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Physics, Kean University, 1000 Morris Avenue, Union, NJ 07083, USA 10.3762/bjnano.15.93 Abstract Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are widely used in medicine and environmental remediation because

Recent updates in applications of nanomedicine for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis

• Damai Ria Setyawati,
• Fransiska Christydira Sekaringtyas,
• Riyona Desvy Pratiwi,
• A’liyatur Rosyidah,
• Rohimmahtunnissa Azhar,
• Nunik Gustini,
• Gita Syahputra,
• Idah Rosidah,
• Etik Mardliyati,
• Tarwadi and
• Sjaikhurrizal El Muttaqien

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1105–1116, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.89

• ), LAPTIAB 1, PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), LAPTIAB 1, PUSPIPTEK, Tangerang Selatan 15314, Indonesia 10.3762/bjnano.15.89 Abstract Over recent decades, nanomedicine has

• regenerative medicine. Aiming to improve the treatment outcomes, new nanomedicinal drugs and formulations have been reported on an almost daily basis for targeting various diseases. Until now, most nanomedicine applications have focused primarily on drug delivery and theranostic nanoplatforms for cancer

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• applications. Biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymers are an excellent choice for a variety of innovative drug delivery systems (DDSs). Biopolymers are also used in cutting-edge scientific applications such as gene expression, tissue engineering, smart drug delivery, and biosensors [11][19]. Modern medicine

• contamination with heavy metals are good examples of the need for sensors [23]. In addition, incurable diseases such as cancer can be detected by biosensors, and the application of biosensors is also very important for medicine and pharmaceuticals [18][24][25]. Natural biopolymers are abundant and exhibit

• ease discomfort. Gastric dressing occurs when sodium alginate and hydrochloric acid are combined in the stomach. Additionally, alginate can prevent obesity by lowering body weight [30]. All the qualities make sodium alginate indispensable for a wide range of applications in medicine and sensing. As a

Atomistic insights into the morphological dynamics of gold and platinum nanoparticles: MD simulations in vacuum and aqueous media

• Evangelos Voyiatzis,
• Eugenia Valsami-Jones and
• Antreas Afantitis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 995–1009, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.81

• , from medicine and engineering to the environment and energy. Because of their small size, nanoparticles (NPs) have only been discovered relatively recently, although they have been present in the environment throughout earth’s and human history, emerging from various sources including biological