Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• precision in determining the pore morphologies [29][40]. The method involved fitting two-dimensional (2D) scattering patterns to a conical pore model utilizing a series of images with different tilts of the sample with respect to the incident X-ray beam, corresponding to the alignment of the parallel pores

• SiO2 (≈26°). As described in our track etching model [13], the cone angle depends only on the ratio of the track-etch rate to the bulk-etch rate. Hence, the different angles indicate different etch-rate ratios for PECVD and thermal SiO2. This discrepancy is not unexpected because PECVD-deposited films

• . Since the cone shape depends only on the ratio of track to bulk etch rate, the significantly different cone angles cannot be explained solely by the variation in bulk etch rates. Therefore, the track etch rate must also differ between the two types of SiO2. Using our track etching model [13] and the

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• appropriate physical model is designed and fitted using different ellipsometry parameters to obtain the least root mean square error. The thickness of the as-grown ZnO films was found to be around 296 ± 6 nm. Moreover, the thickness of ZnO films calculated using cross-sectional FESEM images was of the same

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• applications, examining the application of high-brilliance light sources on model systems such as supported thin films and epitaxial nanostructures. We review selected studies exploiting the high energy resolution and sensitivity of synchrotron radiation-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray

• , materials are often studied as model systems, such as well-controlled supported thin films or nanostructures with simplified complexity compared to real systems, allowing the results from advanced experimental methods to be directly compared with theoretical simulations [7][8]. Thanks to their remarkable

• applications. Studies on cerium oxide nanostructures and powders prepared by chemical synthesis methods are quite numerous, and they are typically carried out on systems with a marked and often unexplored complexity [14][15][16][17]. For studies on cerium oxide as model systems, such as low-index surfaces

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• . In this work, to reveal the effect of carbon coating on the interaction of sodium with the MoS2 layers located vertically relative to the substrate, model experiments were carried out using synchrotron-radiation-induced X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Sodium vapor obtained by heating a sodium

• resulting hybrid and individual films of MoS2 and PyC were placed on the same sample holder to study the interaction with sodium vapor in the ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber of the experimental station of the Russian–German beamline at the BESSY-II synchrotron radiation facility. Such model experiments make

• it possible to differentiate the diffusion rate of sodium in the hybrid and to identify the possible synergistic effect of the components in their interaction with sodium. Previously reported similar model experiments on lithiation of graphene [28], MoS2 crystals [29][30][31], and MoS2–graphene

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• impurities on the target surface. The second harmonic output wavelength (532 nm) was employed to irradiate the FeS2 target positioned in the beaker in a vertical configuration of the experiment. For the ablation, a pulsed Nd:YAG laser (Model LQ 629, Solar Laser System) with pulse width of 10 ns, pulse

• SEM analysis of pyrite thin films was performed using a Hitachi Model SU 8020. The NPs were deposited on carbon-coated copper grids for TEM analysis and on silicon substrates for SEM analysis. Using monochromatic Al Kα radiation with an energy of 1486.68 eV, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• the gathered data plotted as lnτ(ΤΜΑΧ−1) dependence, the below relaxation model was fitted [32]: where τ = f−1, kB is the Boltzmann constant, τ0 is the characteristic relaxation time, and EA is the activation energy of a nanoparticle. The fit gave the value τ0 ≈ 6.8 × 10−12 s, which is in the

• for the blocking process of superparamagnetic nanoparticles [35]. This means that the iron compound in the studied sample has a form of noninteracting nanoparticles; thus, the proposed model of microcapsules seems to be correct. Also, the coercivity presented in Figure 6b, which significantly

• round of the fitting procedure was done for fixed and σ values, which allowed obtaining the remaining fitting parameters. In Figure 7a, which presents the M(H) relations for the FS0 sample at 70, 100, 150, 200, and 250 K, the lines present the fitted model to the experimental data for = 4 nm and

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• adsorption process followed second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Under optimal experimental conditions, a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 123.2 mg·g−1 was estimated using the Langmuir isotherm model. These findings indicate that PGC demonstrates strong potential as an

• , compromising the material’s stability. This interaction significantly influences the model (p-value < 0.05), particularly through the GA volume (X3). The interaction of the mole ratio between Ca2+ and Mg2+ (X4) with other factors also has a significant effect on the model, yielding an optimal value of

• adsorption test was conducted at pH 6–7 using a 40 mg adsorbent dosage with varying initial TC concentrations. Linear regression analysis was applied to Ce/qe and Ce for the Langmuir model (Figure 5a) and to ln qe and ln Ce for the Freundlich model (Figure 5b). To assess whether TC adsorption onto PGC

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• laser fragmentation in liquids with ultrashort-pulsed lasers was studied in a circular jet reactor using curcumin and cannabidiol as model substances and single-pulse-per-volume element conditions to compare the fragmentation efficiency for these two nutraceuticals. Fragmentation efficiency based on the

• fenofibrate [42] by LFL is possible; however, depending on the applied power and irradiation time, an inversely proportional relationship between particle size and the portion of degradation products was reported. Previous studies using naproxen and fenofibrate as model drugs showed that using nanosecond

• , the use of the CJ allows for a more uniform fluence distribution and better control over the number of pulses-per-volume element (PPV) than batch setups. For example, Friedenauer et al. described the superior fragmentation efficiency in a CJ compared to the batch setup using the model drug naproxen

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• difference profile reflects the relative competition of the two junctions on either side of the perovskite to efficiently extract charges [48], as described by our model in Figure 4. By applying a forward bias of approximately Voc, we bring our cell into the same configuration as the open-circuit and

• illuminated case and we have a sufficient diffusive current flowing through the two junctions, but smaller in magnitude compared to the current flowing through an ohmic contact. Therefore, the junction exhibiting the more pronounced rectifying behavior will still limit the current flow. For our model, the

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• hydrogen bonds and coat various surfaces [23]. Our results are compatible with a model where adsorbed TA molecules create a partially active antioxidant layer on the FLG surface, maintaining bioactivity while enhancing graphene colloid stability. Unfortunately, the zeta potential of the FLG–TA material in

• -mimetic conditions. The observed spectral changes suggest selective oxidation of phenolic moieties within the tannic acid component. Although this experimental model represents a simplified approximation of cellular ROS generation, it provides mechanistic insights into FLG–TA susceptibility to oxidative

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• release (98.89% ± 4.11%) in PBS (pH 7.4) and followed the Higuchi release model (with exponent n = 0.542), indicating non-Fickian diffusion (anomalous transport). The maximum concentration of drug in plasma and the bioavailability of optimal formulation APT-CD-NP4 were higher than those of pure APT

• using various kinetic models, that is, zeroth-order, first-order, Higuchi, and Korsemyer–Peppas models by applying Microsoft Excel (DD Solver). Table 2 shows that APT-CD-NP1, APT-CD-NP2, APT-CD-NP3, APT-CD-NP4, APT-PX-NP5, and APT-PX-NP6 followed the zeroth-order model in acidic medium (pH 1.2) with R2

• values of 0.9962, 0.9901, and 0.9771, respectively (Table 3). APT-CD-NP1 and APT-PX-NP8 follow the first-order model with R2 values of 0.9859 and 0.9719, while APT-CD-NP2, APT-CD-NP3, and APT-CD-NP4 followed the Higuchi model with R2 values 0.9876, 0.9923, and 0.9936, showing that the drug release is

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• its performance with established techniques through capacitance imaging of a model microcapacitor system and a perfluoroalkyl-alkane F(CF2)14(CH2)20H (F14H20) sample. Theory Multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy The electrostatic force FES between tip and sample can be understood in terms of

• generate structures with a defined dielectric response, we prepared a series of microcapacitors. We used these structures to compare the C′ and C″ distance dependencies from several force–distance curves with model calculations using tip–sample models from the literature, as well as for dielectric

• from the tip cone. The direct comparison of the model and the data of the second and first capacitance gradients can be found in Figure S16 and Figure S17, Supporting Information File 1, respectively. These results clearly show that the MFH-EFM method produced an electrostatic force signal that is

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• stress, and n is the flow index. The flow curves showed a linear correlation (n close to 1). For 25 °C, n was 1.08, while for 37 °C, it was 0.99 (i.e., Newtonian behavior). R2 was greater than 0.996 for both tests, indicating that the data fit this model. This is expected for a microemulsion system [18

• of the chemical constituents of EOCF To identify the chemical components, the EOCF was examined in a Thermo Scientific gas chromatograph (GC), Bremen, Germany, model TRACE 1310 coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) model TSQ-9000, with TriPlus RSH automatic sampler. A NA-5MS column (60 m × 0.25 mm DI

• investigated using a polarized light microscope (Olympus model BX51) equipped with a digital camera (Evolution LC Color). For analysis, a drop of the sample, undiluted, was placed on a glass slide, covered with a coverslip and analyzed under polarized light at 20,000× magnification [24]. The rheological

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• ion beam interactions [15]. In addition, the extension of the continuum model has proven useful in predicting the outcomes of ion beam milling processes in multilayered systems, as demonstrated in the case of the Si/SiO2/Pt system [16]. To identify the current state of the technology and routes

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• ) on these scaffolds and adding CGF. The results demonstrated that the SF/CS/nHA scaffold combined with CGF promoted better cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs than other groups. In vivo, a rabbit model with major bone defects was used to assess the scaffold’s

• . explored the usage of an electrospun SF scaffold cellularized with human Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (Wj-MSCs) in a murine excisional wound splinting model. The finding showed that Wj-MSCs on SF scaffolds improved wound healing by increasing neoangiogenesis and re-epithelization while reducing

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• also contributes to the percolation threshold, which is a fundamental parameter controlling electrical conductivity and crucial for certain applications such as sensors, where accurate modulation is required [9]. An initial work by Naha et al. developed a model to enhance the understanding and

• optimization of CNT/CNF synthesis in flame environments. An ethylene/air co-flow, non-premixed flame was used with a catalyst substrate of iron, nickel, and platinum wires of 0.1–0.25 mm diameter. The study found that carbon monoxide is a major contributor to CNT formation in flames, and the model also showed

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• process, as illustrated in Figure 1. The first two pathways fall under the “on-pathway” model, which includes nucleated polymerization and nucleated conformational conversion. These models suggest that oligomers are transient species that form as intermediates during the transition from monomers to mature

• AβFs. In this context, AβOs are considered stepping stones on the pathway to fibril formation. In contrast, the third model, known as the “off-pathway” formation of AβOs, asserts that oligomers represent a separate class of aggregates that do not progress to form fibrils. This model highlights the

• in a mouse model, these MNSs rapidly targeted AβOs under in vivo conditions, providing strong MRI contrast, thus supporting their potential for non-invasive diagnostic imaging of early-stage AD [51]. In another study, a similar approach was utilized by Wang et al.; they developed a AβO-targeting

Retrieval of B1 phase from high-pressure B2 phase for CdO nanoparticles by electronic excitations in Cd_xZn_1−xO composite thin films

• Arkaprava Das,
• Marcin Zając and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 551–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.43

• described through two primary models: the Coulomb explosion model, which relies on electrostatic repulsive forces [10][11], and the thermal spike model, where energy is transferred to lattice atoms, resulting in melting and subsequent quenching to form tracks [12][13]. The latter model has been more widely

• spectrometer (Bruker), equipped with an Ar ion laser (532 nm) with 0.2 mW laser operating power. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was carried out with a HITACHI SU8020 model, using an electron beam energy of 3.0 keV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using an ESCA-5000 Versa Probe

• significantly affected by O ion irradiation. In contrast, Ag ion irradiation results in complete amorphization of the Zn2SiO4 phase at the film surface. The XPS spectra for the CZ900_Pris sample are reproduced from previous research [1]. Track diameter calculation from inelastic thermal spike model The

Functionalized gold nanoflowers on carbon screen-printed electrodes: an electrochemical platform for biosensing hemagglutinin protein of influenza A H1N1 virus

• Carlos Enrique Torres-Méndez,
• Sharmilee Nandi,
• Klara Martinovic,
• Patrizia Kühne,
• Yifan Liu,
• Sam Taylor,
• Maria Lysandrou,
• Maria Ines Berrojo Romeyro Mascarenhas,
• Viktoria Langwallner,
• Javier Enrique Sebastián Alonso,
• Ivana Jovanovic,
• Maike Lüftner,
• Georgia-Vasiliki Gkountana,
• David Bern,
• Abdul-Raouf Atif,
• Ehsan Manouchehri Doulabi,
• Gemma Mestres and
• Masood Kamali-Moghaddam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 540–550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.42

• electrode (Figure 4). In general terms, the elements of an electrochemical biosensor are analogous to the elements of an electric circuit [45]. A Randles equivalent circuit model was found to fit the experimental data obtained from the EIS analysis. This circuit contains a resistor (Rs) to represent the

• − employed as redox probe in this study. The magnitude of the Rct of the electrodes at different modification stages was calculated by fitting the experimental Nyquist plots to the Randles equivalent circuit model. The commercial CSPE showed a high Rct of 12.90 kΩ (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• and desorption mechanisms. Comparison with other precursors confirms that the β-ketoesterate family has the highest ligand removal percentage and constitutes thus an interesting model chemistry for further high-metal-content FEBID studies. The possibility of growing nanopillars makes this complex a

• diffusion process taking place. TEM analysis revealed metal nanograins embedded in a carbonaceous matrix. The deposits contained up to 30 atom % Pd, with a prominent reduction of about 90% of the 23 carbon atoms in the precursor. Using a continuum model, the calculated upper limit of the desorption rate

N₂⁺-implantation-induced tailoring of structural, morphological, optical, and electrical characteristics of sputtered molybdenum thin films

• Usha Rani,
• Kafi Devi,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 495–509, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.38

• + implantation and thickness of films significantly influence the surface morphology of Mo thin films. Optical properties Spectroscopic ellipsometry Figure 6 depicts the fit of the spectroscopic ellipsometry data in which the parameters of the Drude–Lorentz oscillator model were adjusted. In ellipsometry, the

Performance optimization of a microwave-coupled plasma-based ultralow-energy ECR ion source for silicon nanostructuring

• Joy Mukherjee,
• Safiul Alam Mollick,
• Tanmoy Basu and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 484–494, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.37

• context of optimization of inert Ar-ion beam and subsequent ion-induced silicon nanopatterning. The TEM used for this work is a FEI Tecnai G2 12 Twin model, which operates at a voltage range of 20–120 kV. It employs a LaB6 emitter as the electron source and offers a line resolution of 0.2 nm with a

• surface instabilities, and consequently, the surface atoms are redistributed to stabilize the surface. These two effects jointly trigger nanopattern formation on the surface. A first theoretical model was proposed by Bradley and Harper [41], based on curvature-dependent sputtering of surface and near

Impact of adsorbate–substrate interaction on nanostructured thin films growth during low-pressure condensation

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 473–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.36

• study of the evolution of a monoatomic layer deposited on a substrate during low-pressure condensation in the framework of a continuous dynamical model of the reaction–diffusion type. This approach allows one to model deposition techniques such as low-pressure CVD (LPCVD) at sub-atmospheric pressures

• manner. In the section “Model”, we derive the one-layer model of reaction–diffusion type for the spatio-temporal evolution of adsorbate concentration on the substrate. In the section “Results and Discussion”, we initially discuss first-order transitions induced by the strength of adsorbate–substrate

• statistical properties of the surface structures. We conclude in the last section. Model We consider the two-layer model describing the spatio-temporal evolution of adsorbate on the substrate during condensation in adsorptive systems. We assume deposition of atoms of one type and exploit the formalism of

Synthetic-polymer-assisted antisense oligonucleotide delivery: targeted approaches for precision disease treatment

• Ana Cubillo Alvarez,
• Dylan Maguire and
• Ruairí P. Brannigan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 435–463, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.34

• cleavage to ligation. This shift promoted the isothermal assembly of long and complex RNA molecules from short fragments under mild conditions, offering a potential model for early catalytic processes in prebiotic environments. The study highlighted the ability of PLL to support and enhance ribozyme

• thermoresponsive PnPrOx interlayer, and an ASO/PLL polyion complex (PIC) core. These cationic micelleplexes exhibited enhanced stability in serum-containing media and prolonged blood circulation, leading to a more efficient accumulation of ASO payloads in a prostate cancer xenograft model. Notably, this approach

• model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) showed that specific dendrimer/ODN-1 complexes, particularly those formed with dendrimers 4 and 7, significantly inhibited CNV development, reducing the severity of vascular leakage for up to two months. Similarly, Eom et al. presented an

Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach

• Ravinder Lamba,
• Gaurav Bhanjana,
• Neeraj Dilbaghi,
• Vivek Gupta and
• Sandeep Kumar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33

• examination of morphological characteristics were performed on a 7610F Plus/JEOL. A benchtop Miniflex X-ray diffractometer, (Japan model) manufactured by Rigaku, was utilized to analyze the structural and crystal phases. The study was conducted using a wavelength of 1.54 Å and a 2θ angle ranging from 20° to

• 90°. The elemental compositions were analyzed using EDS and XPS (Model PHI 5000 Versaprobe III). The chemical states were assessed using FTIR spectroscopy with a Perkin Elmer spectrometer model. The spectrum data was acquired between the frequency range of 450 to 4000 cm−1 (resolution of 0.5 cm−1