The role of a tantalum interlayer in enhancing the properties of Fe₃O₄ thin films

• Hai Dang Ngo,
• Vo Doan Thanh Truong,
• Van Qui Le,
• Hoai Phuong Pham and
• Thi Kim Hang Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1253–1259, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.101

• . Sample 3, grown on the MgO/Ta/SiO2 multilayer structure, reveals the largest value of 31.4 ± 1.4 nm. In addition, the Fe3O4 samples present quite different root-mean-square (RMS) roughness values of 0.94 ± 0.09 nm, 1.29 ± 0.14 nm, and 3.58 ± 0.58 nm for samples 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Sample 3 with the

• highest value has the roughest surface among the three. These results indicate that the substrate type does have an effect on grain size and roughness of Fe3O4 thin films. Tantalum in the multilayer structure prevents the diffusion of oxygen atoms from SiO2 into MgO leading to enhanced stability of MgO

• ) peak at 43.07° (red line). This indicates the epitaxial growth of the Fe3O4 thin film on MgO(100). To our surprise, the Fe3O4 thin film deposited on the multilayer structure shows the two peaks Fe3O4(311) and Fe3O4(400) at 35.68° and 43.36°, respectively (blue line). This implies that the tantalum

Level set simulation of focused ion beam sputtering of a multilayer substrate

• Alexander V. Rumyantsev,
• Nikolai I. Borgardt,
• Roman L. Volkov and
• Yuri A. Chaplygin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 733–742, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.61

• semiconductor heterostructures [13]. Metal and dielectric layers can be used as hard masks for achieving high resolution and throughput of the FIB nanofabrication process [14]. Modification of integrated circuits [15] is an industrially relevant application of multilayer structure processing. Effective

• of them is the flux of sputtered particles. For a multilayer structure, it can be presented by the extension of the well-known expression [21] as where denotes the flux of sputtered atoms of the i-th material with i = 1 for SiO2 and i = 2 for Si. In the case considered, it is equal to where μi = [Yr

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• manufacturer for graphene nanomaterials (refer to Table 3) is consistent. The diameter value is a common characteristic value encountered in the literature for graphene nanomaterials [25]. Moreover, Figure 4b shows the multilayer structure of graphene nanoplates. The EDS was performed on the graphene sample to

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• a study about the capability of cross-sectional KPFM for the study of a III–V multilayer stack under ambient conditions. In particular, we have investigated an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer structure with layers of different widths and doping concentrations. The first objective of this analysis is the

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• dealloying was performed in HCl for 10, 30, 60, and 120 min. The lamellar structure in the as-prepared sample is due to the rotation of the substrate during deposition. The film presents a multilayer structure composed of Ag-rich and Ag-poor layers which are formed due to distance variation between the

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• the MoS2 phase in the composite from the XRD pattern of MoS2/TNAs. The (002) plane indicates the multilayer structure of MoS2 materials, the (001) plane indicates a monolayer structure of MoS2 [37][46]. Therefore, the disappearing (002) reflection and the remaining (001) reflection show that the

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• can be implemented as a multilayer structure FM1–s–FM2–s–FM1–s–FM2 with several ferromagnetic layers FM1 and FM2 of different thicknesses dFM1,2 (dFM1 = 0.15ξ, dFM2 = 0.1ξ, exchange energy H = 100 kBTC in calculations, separated by thin spacers of a superconductor or normal metal (N) (ds = 0.5ξ for

• kinetic inductance. An example is a multilayer structure consisting of a superconducting “source”, a current-carrying layer and a spin valve with at least two magnetic layers with different thicknesses. The proposed tunable inductance does not require suppression of superconductivity in the source layer

• 100 μA and φb = 0.05π than Edis ≈ 0.01 aJ for tRF = 6 ns (corresponds to approx. 1700tC). Sketch of the tunable kinetic inductance based on multilayer structure in the (a) closed and (b) open states. Blue solid arrows reveal magnetization orientation of FM1 and FM2 layers, and dashed yellow arrows

Mapping the local dielectric constant of a biological nanostructured system

• Wescley Walison Valeriano,
• Rodrigo Ribeiro Andrade,
• Juan Pablo Vasco,
• Angelo Malachias,
• Bernardo Ruegger Almeida Neves,
• Paulo Sergio Soares Guimarães and
• Wagner Nunes Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 139–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.11

• functions are performed by the male by displaying its strongly iridescent hind wings. The phenomenon of iridescence results from both diffraction and interference in the damselfly wings, and all observed colors result from a multilayer structure, that is, these wings are natural one-dimensional photonic

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• This work is a study of the formation processes and the effect of related process parameters of multilayer nanosystems and devices for spintronics. The model system is a superconducting spin valve, which is a multilayer structure consisting of ferromagnetic cobalt nanolayers separated by niobium

Absorption and photoconductivity spectra of amorphous multilayer structures

• Oxana Iaseniuc and
• Mihail Iovu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1757–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.158

• ), Ge0.09As0.09Se0.82 (2), As0.40S0.30Se0.30 (3), and the HS As0.40S0.30Se0.30/Ge0.09As0.09Se0.82/Ge0.30As0.04S0.66 (4). The thin film layer Ge0.30As0.04S0.66 with the largest bandgap energy, Eg ≈ 3.0 eV [11], which was placed on the top of the multilayer structure, has a thickness of d ≈ 200 nm and was transparent to

Impact of fluorination on interface energetics and growth of pentacene on Ag(111)

• Qi Wang,
• Meng-Ting Chen,
• Antoni Franco-Cañellas,
• Bin Shen,
• Thomas Geiger,
• Holger F. Bettinger,
• Frank Schreiber,
• Ingo Salzmann,
• Alexander Gerlach and
• Steffen Duhm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1361–1370, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.120

• π-stacked organic multilayer thin films [101][102][103]. The shift to higher BE could, in part, be attributed to the screening effect [50], and the broadening could be ascribed to the intermolecular band dispersion [18]. The multilayer structure of F4PEN on Ag(111) is unknown, but the comparison of

• PFP on Cu(111), which were indeed distinctively different [9][63]. Moreover, the strong intramolecular polar C–F bond had an eminent impact on the multilayer structure of the pentacene derivatives on Ag(111), which were π-stacked for PFP and F4PEN, whereas PEN adopted a herringbone arrangement. For

Controlling the proximity effect in a Co/Nb multilayer: the properties of electronic transport

• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Andrey Schegolev,
• Roman Morari,
• Yury Khaydukov and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1336–1345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.118

• multilayer. We observe that the resistive transition of the multilayer structure has multiple steps, which we attribute to the transition of individual superconductive layers with the critical temperature, Tc, depending on the local magnetization orientation of the neighboring F-layers. We argue that such

• superconductor is significantly smaller than that of the ferromagnetic material (γ = 0.1). In this case, thin s-layers are protected from the superconductivity suppression due to the inverse proximity effect. Moreover, the s/F-multilayer structure acts as an additional source of superconductivity. However, the

• and Figure 3c) also have step-like shapes. Since the pair potential inside the multilayer structure has a superconducting source independent of the bulk semiconductor layer, the value of the pairing amplitude F1(x) is almost constant inside every s-layer. However, this value inside each layer is

Structural optical and electrical properties of a transparent conductive ITO/Al–Ag/ITO multilayer contact

• Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 695–702, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.57

• × 10−3 Ω−1). These highly conductive and transparent ITO films with Al–Ag interlayer can be a promising contact for low-resistance optoelectronics devices. Keywords: annealing; DC sputtering; figure of merit; indium tin oxide (ITO); multilayer structure; RF sputtering; Introduction Transparent

• importance. The inclusion of a thin metal film between a top and a bottom ITO layer to form a multilayer structure has been explored recently for efficient photoelectric devices [7]. The multilayer structure not only improves the conductivity of the contact but also make the device cost-effective since less

• heat treatment lowers the trade-off between transparency and conductivity by reducing structural defects in the films. The sheet resistance of the multilayer structure of the IAAI film can be expressed as [29]: where is the total sheet resistance of the IAAI film, RAl and RAg are the sheet resistance

Fabrication and characterization of Si_1−xGe_x nanocrystals in as-grown and annealed structures: a comparative study

• Muhammad Taha Sultan,
• Adrian Valentin Maraloiu,
• Ionel Stavarache,
• Jón Tómas Gudmundsson,
• Andrei Manolescu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Magdalena Lidia Ciurea and
• Halldór Gudfinnur Svavarsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.182

• study reveals that strain and its influence on the NCs/matrix interface morphology play a vital role in determining spectral features and sensitivity. Experimental A multilayer structure with stacking order of SiO2/SiGe/SiO2 was prepared by magnetron sputtering over a 12 × 12 mm2 Si(001) substrate

Subsurface imaging of flexible circuits via contact resonance atomic force microscopy

• Wenting Wang,
• Chengfu Ma,
• Yuhang Chen,
• Lei Zheng,
• Huarong Liu and
• Jiaru Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1636–1647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.159

• on the flexible circuit sample. (b) An enlarged sectional view of the contact between the AFM tip and the multilayer structure. Subsurface imaging of the flexible circuit sample with a top layer thickness of 52 nm measured via the CR-AFM method. (a) Topography. (b) The first contact resonance

Periodic Co/Nb pseudo spin valve for cryogenic memory

• Nikolay Klenov,
• Yury Khaydukov,
• Sergey Bakurskiy,
• Roman Morari,
• Igor Soloviev,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Thomas Keller,
• Mikhail Kupriyanov,
• Anatoli Sidorenko and
• Bernhard Keimer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 833–839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.83

• with the superlattice in the weak link region. The use of a multilayer structure has several advantages. Thanks to the collective effect of maintaining the superconducting state in the spacers, it is possible to use thinner layers. The thinning of the layers should be accompanied by a decrease in the

Performance analysis of rigorous coupled-wave analysis and its integration in a coupled modeling approach for optical simulation of complete heterojunction silicon solar cells

• Ziga Lokar,
• Benjamin Lipovsek,
• Marko Topic and
• Janez Krc

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2315–2329, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.216

• method (FMM), has been widely used in simulations of photovoltaic devices [2][3][15][16][17], including the structures similar to the ones explored in this paper [3]. It assumes lateral periodicity of the simulated structure. In the RCWA, an analyzed (multilayer) structure is sliced into thin sublayers

• [22] (see Figure 1) as an example of a multilayer structure with applied texture. Inside a sublayer, materials with different complex refractive indices are involved in lateral directions (x, y). No vertical dependence (z) of is assumed inside a sublayer, while lateral changes of are considered to

Growth model and structure evolution of Ag layers deposited on Ge films

• Arkadiusz Ciesielski,
• Lukasz Skowronski,
• Ewa Górecka,
• Jakub Kierdaszuk and
• Tomasz Szoplik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 66–76, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.9

• ) Transmission spectra of Ge/Ag multilayer structure with total thickness of 20 nm. (b) Imaginary part of permittivity for 20 nm thick silver film deposited on 2 nm thick Ge wetting layer, measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry at 1, 10 and 60 days after deposition (solid lines), as well as Maxwell–Garnett

Ta₂N₃ nanocrystals grown in Al₂O₃ thin layers

• Krešimir Salamon,
• Maja Buljan,
• Iva Šarić,
• Mladen Petravić and
• Sigrid Bernstorff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2162–2170, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.215

• [28] and roughness according to the Nevot and Croce model [29]. In the simulations we assumed a model with the nominal multilayer structure, while the periodicity, thickness of the metallic and spacer layers, their densities and roughness were varied. The last two columns of Table 1 show the results

Laser processing of thin-film multilayer structures: comparison between a 3D thermal model and experimental results

• Babak B. Naghshine and
• Amirkianoosh Kiani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1749–1759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.176

• can be modelled using regular laws of heat transfer and thermodynamics. A 3D transient model that was previously proven to be accurate for laser processing of the bulk materials [21] was customized for a multilayer structure and used in this paper. In this model, the 3D heat conduction equation

• Marla et al. who solved the 1D equation for temperature-dependent properties [20]. In this paper, a transient 3D model, which has been previously proven capable of precisely predicting the temperature and ablation zone for a bulk material [21], has been modified and used for a thin-film multilayer

• structure. In this model, the physical and thermal properties are assumed to be a function of temperature and space; plasma shielding and phase change are taken into account. The temperature field and ablated area will be for Si substrates that are coated with different thin-film layers at various laser

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• the materials. In particular, as confirmed by the Raman analysis, the GPs present a multilayer structure and no further exfoliation of the multi-layer GPs was observed. A useful extension of these synthetic approaches is the chance to reduce the P=O moiety to the corresponding phosphine. The

Laser irradiation in water for the novel, scalable synthesis of black TiO_x photocatalyst for environmental remediation

• Massimo Zimbone,
• Giuseppe Cacciato,
• Mohamed Boutinguiza,
• Vittorio Privitera and
• Maria Grazia Grimaldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 196–202, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.21

• , leading to the black-TiOx/Ti/PtNp multilayer structure depicted in Figure 1c. Methods SEM images were acquired by using a field emission SEM (Gemini Zeiss SUPRATM25) at a working distance of 5–6 mm, using an electron beam of 5 keV and SE detector. The UV–vis spectrum was collected using a Perkin-Elmer

• ; (b) synthesis of Pt nanoparticles via laser ablation in water; (c) schematic representation of the black TiOx/Ti/PtNp multilayer structure after the deposition of the Pt nanoparticles on the rear side of the irradiated Ti foil. Left: Photograph of the irradiated sample. Middle: low-magnification SEM

Electric field induced structural colour tuning of a silver/titanium dioxide nanoparticle one-dimensional photonic crystal

• Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy,
• Simone Callegari,
• Diana Gisell Figueroa del Valle,
• Andrea Desii,
• Ilka Kriegel and
• Francesco Scotognella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1404–1410, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.131

• charges added to the system. Without the applied voltage (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3), we used the parameters for the silver dielectric function as reported in [28] with the electron density of silver N = 5.76 × 1028 m−3 to simulate the optical properties of the multilayer structure. To get

Fabrication and characterization of novel multilayered structures by stereocomplexion of poly(D-lactic acid)/poly(L-lactic acid) and self-assembly of polyelectrolytes

• Elena Dellacasa,
• Li Zhao,
• Gesheng Yang,
• Laura Pastorino and
• Gleb B. Sukhorukov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 81–90, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.10

• structures for biotechnological and biomedical applications, such as biosensors and carriers for drug delivery, led researchers to extend this technique beyond multilayer structure fabrication based on electrostatic interactions [7][8][9][10][11]. Over the years, other interactions such as covalent bonding

• this work, we proposed the LBL assembly of PDLA/PLLA layers onto a (PSS/PAH)n/PLL precursor (PEM) [45][46]. This innovative configuration, involving both water-soluble and non-water-soluble polymers, could represent a promising drug carrier model. The multilayer structure was first characterized on

• diffraction (WXRD) analyses were also used to confirm the stereocomplex formation. The multilayer structure was then built on spherical sacrificial templates and then morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results and Discussion Chemical

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• continuous magnetic layer on top of the particle array [29]. Although no quantitative analysis of the amount of Co at the interconnection region was possible, exchange coupling between the particle caps is expected even if the multilayer structure of the Co/Pt film were disturbed, since Co–Pt alloys are