Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• that our laser fluence did not enable carbon sublimation. Stable gold colloids have been produced by reactive nanosecond laser irradiation of aqueous [AuCl4]– solutions [29][30]. Colloidal gold nanoparticle formation occurred by nucleation of reduced (metallic) gold atoms [25][31][32]. As in pulsed

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• to the two simultaneously occurring and commonly accepted nanoparticle formation mechanisms happening during the plume phase of LAL (picosecond to longer nanosecond time scale) [57][58]. Recent spatiotemporal, large-scale molecular dynamic simulations show that the thermal history of nanoparticles

• carbonate and alcohol might influence the occurring interactions and reactions between the solvent and the Cu and Fe particles the most during nanoparticle formation, which then leads to a difference in phase preference of the formed nanoparticle fractions. Yet, this remains highly speculative and neglects

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• alginate solution, and the nanoparticle formation reaction is initiated by adjusting the pH. During the reaction, sodium alginate acts as a reducing agent, as it contains carboxylic groups that can interact with the divalent cations and reduce them to form nanoparticles. After the formation of metal nuclei

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• [36]. Depending on the process, gas formation can be attributed to different redox reactions that contribute to nanoparticle formation. For the laser ablation, fragmentation, and melting processes, the nanoparticles are found to be at least partially oxidized, ranging from a surface oxidation of 5–10

• the formation of reducing agents for metal nanoparticle formation during irradiation of metal salt solutions with ultrashort pulses. Several LRL syntheses of nanoparticles, which provide either noble metals, base metals, or oxides, are available and, given the recent review of Frias Batista et al

• . Interestingly, solvent decomposition could be connected to the chemical behavior of the solvent during pyrolysis, although laser ablation is not a thermodynamically driven process [107]. However, hydrogen is not the only gas observed during nanoparticle formation processes. Kalus et al. reported the formation

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• coalescence and Ostwald ripening of the particles. Growth by coalescence and Ostwald ripening is a fundamental process that plays a dominant role in nanoparticle formation. In coalescence, two or more particles combine to form a larger particle, whereas in Ostwald ripening, small particles dissolve in a

• reactions are demonstrated in Figure 6b. Conclusion We investigated the utility of a silica-binding peptide (SiBP) on SiO2 nanoparticle formation and self-assembly. We demonstrated that the SiBP can function in multiple ways in the synthesis and assembly processes (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure

Antimicrobial and mechanical properties of functionalized textile by nanoarchitectured photoinduced Ag@polymer coating

• Jessica Plé,
• Marine Dabert,
• Helene Lecoq,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Lydie Ploux and
• Lavinia Balan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 95–109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.11

• seconds of exposure in the case of the Ag@PEG600DA coating (Figure 2a). As can be seen in Figure 2, AgNP synthesis is much faster in Ag@PEG600DA coatings than in the case of the PEG600DA/PETIA matrix. Indeed, as a diacrylate, PEG600DA offers less cross-linking sites than PETIA, which promotes nanoparticle

• formation and coalescence during UV exposure. When comparing the absorbance spectra for both coatings after 15 s irradiation, the full-widths at half maximum (FMWH) are calculated to be 134 and 131 nm, for Ag@PEG600DA and Ag@PEG600DA/PETIA, respectively (Figure 2c). Consequently, the nanoparticle size

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• for Ag nanoparticle formation using extracts from Cucurbita maxima, Moringa oleifera, and Acorus calamus. The FTIR results are shown in Figure 5. The spectra of the precursor salt and pineapple peel extract are shown for signal comparison. In the spectrum of the AgNO3 salt, some signals were observed

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

• overview of the properties and applications of the produced NPs. Keywords: low-pressure plasmas; magnetron; nanoparticles; nanoparticle formation; sputtering; sputtering onto liquids; Introduction According to the general terminology, nanoparticles (NPs) are objects that have a size of less than 100 nm

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• inertness is due to metallic gold formed upon reduction of Au3+ during nanoparticle formation. However, there is also the possibility of Au0 oxidation that is influenced by size, shape, and stabilizing/capping agents. For instance, commonly used citrate and thiolate ligands result in a partial polarization

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• AgNO3 [36] and suggests an accelerated reduction of AgNO3 into metallic silver (compared to phase III). The corresponding TEM image (at 505 °C) indeed confirms a significant presence of Ag-NPs, indicating that most of the nanoparticle formation occurs during phase IV. This hypothesis is further

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• nanoparticles were used to locally etch the silicon substrate. This work demonstrates a bottom-up self-assembly approach for noble metal nanoparticle formation and the subsequent silicon wet etching. The macroscopic wafer patterning has been done by using a poly(methyl methacrylate) masking layer. Different

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• retaining their properties for several months. The transmission electron microscopy image shows core–shell particles, Janus-like nanoparticles, and individual particles SiOx (Figure 6). The modelling of the nanoparticle formation from the original nanoscale droplets described above suggests that Cu–SiOx

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• three days. The crudes were purified by dialysis against water, and the final products (A4-)PEGx-PCLy-Many were lyophilized, achieving moderate to high yields. Nanoparticle formation and size characterization Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• nanoparticle formation resulting in smaller particle diameters [38]. Emulsion diffusion resulted in PLA nanoparticles of 246.2 ± 2.9 nm and solvent displacement in PLA nanoparticles of 192.1 ± 2.5 nm. The detailed reason for this is not clear, but in the case of the emulsion diffusion technique the resulting

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

Synthesis of nickel/gallium nanoalloys using a dual-source approach in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazole ionic liquids

• Ilka Simon,
• Julius Hornung,
• Juri Barthel,
• Jörg Thomas,
• Maik Finze,
• Roland A. Fischer and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1754–1767, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.171

• (CN)3] no nanoparticle formation was observed. Catalysis Previously reported NiGa nanoparticles synthesized in [BMIm][BF4] with a size distribution of 14 ± 5 nm were used successfully in the semihydrogenation reaction of the terminal alkyne 1-octyne and the internal alkyne diphenylacetylene, with

• nickel with 5 ± 1 nm and of gallium with 40 ± 5 nm, see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S9 and Figure S10. d) No nanoparticle formation in [EMIm][FB(CN)3] from Ni(COD)2 and GaCp* after 24 h of dispersion and 30 min of microwave-induced decomposition. Top: Hydrogen uptake as a function of the time

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• . Therefore, a nanoparticle formation of FluPep ligand or analogous peptides offers a route to new treatments for influenza and other respiratory pathogens. Experimental Materials Peptides FluPep WLVFFVIFYFFRRRKK, FluPep ligand CVVVTAAAWLVFFVIFYFFRRRKK and the ligand shell matrix peptidol CVVVT-ol were

Gold nanoparticles embedded in a polymer as a 3D-printable dichroic nanocomposite material

• Lars Kool,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 442–447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.43

• change during the synthesis hints that the dichroic nanoparticle formation is not just seeded growth, but a more complex mechanism. Therefore, we studied the evolution of the nanoparticle formation over time using UV–vis spectroscopy and TEM (Supporting Information File 1, Figures S3 and S4). The time

The nanoscaled metal-organic framework ICR-2 as a carrier of porphyrins for photodynamic therapy

• Jan Hynek,
• Sebastian Jurík,
• Martina Koncošová,
• Jaroslav Zelenka,
• Ivana Křížová,
• Tomáš Ruml,
• Kaplan Kirakci,
• Ivo Jakubec,
• František Kovanda,
• Kamil Lang and
• Jan Demel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2960–2967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.275

• preparation of nanoICR-2. The use of pure formamide (FA) or mixtures with DMF of more than 50 vol % FA at 100 °C led to the formation of nanoparticles with approximately 30 nm in diameter. The origin of the nanoparticle formation is probably the suppression of the crystallization along the c-axis leading to a

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• for hepatoma targeted delivery of docetaxel with lactose as the targeting molecule [7]. Curcumin-loaded organically modified silica nanoparticles (ORMOSIL) were studied to check the potential anticancer property of ORMOSIL nanocarriers [8]. However, in some instances, after nanoparticle formation, the

• (pre-sonicated for homogenization) were measured in separate cuvettes. Fourier-transform infrared analysis FTIR analysis was performed on both the CaP@5-FU NPs and CaP NPs to understand the chemistry of the functional group. The nanoparticle formation was confirmed by FTIR vibrational frequency

• value of calcium phosphate nanoparticles was found to have a direct association with Ca/P molar ratio [30]. The molar ratio of the formed nanoparticles in the current study was 3.88. The synthesized CaP@5-FU NPs were found to have a zeta potential of −25.5 mV (Figure 2B). This confirms the nanoparticle

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• platinum nanoparticles does not allow for a “back” transfer of electrons. Hence, charge separation is promoted, which allows further reduction of hexachloroplatinate to Pt(0) on one of the existing platinum nanoparticles rather than in new locations. As a result, the initial platinum nanoparticle formation

Cryochemical synthesis of ultrasmall, highly crystalline, nanostructured metal oxides and salts

• Elena A. Trusova and
• Nikolai S. Trutnev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1755–1763, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.166

• oxide nanoparticle formation under of sol–gel synthesis in combination with cryotreatment of the sol is presented in Figure 3 using the example of the ceria nanopowder. The process under consideration involves the interaction of hydrolyzed Ce3+ ions with DMOA to form the sol intermediate, A. Then, the

• nanoparticle formation, including the cryotreatment step (liquid N2, −196 °C ) on the as-prepared sol. A is the sol intermediate formed from the interaction of hydrolyzed Ce3+ ions with DMOA. B is the cryogel formed from the interaction of liquid nitrogen with A. XRD pattern (DRON-3M, Russia) and TEM image

Atomic-level characterization and cilostazol affinity of poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles conjugated with differentially charged hydrophilic molecules

• María Francisca Matus,
• Martín Ludueña,
• Cristian Vilos,
• Iván Palomo and
• Marcelo M. Mariscal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1328–1338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.126

• reported when testing drugs with comparable hydrophobicity [54], which could be explained by NP–drug interactions calculated by these predictive tools. Conclusion In the present study, MD simulations provided a comprehensive understanding of the factors that contribute to PLA–PEG nanoparticle formation. To

• the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the reactive force field ReaxFF was used to simulate polymer nanoparticle formation. We have characterized the structure of differentially charged (anionic, neutral and cationic) polymeric DSPE–PEGylated nanoparticles. We detected a self