Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• , which have been difficult to synthesize using the LRL. In addition, the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis has been dramatically improved, and the variety of materials that can be produced has increased. This expands the potential of nanoparticles synthesized by LRL to be used in industrial

• synthesis of various nanoparticles that maintain the crystal structure and composition of the source solid material. In contrast to those methods, laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a nanoparticle synthesis method based on reduction reactions induced by laser in solution. Synthesis of nanoparticles

• nanoparticle synthesis. It was assumed that the synthesis of nanoparticles would be promoted by removing the hydroxyl radicals formed by laser irradiation. Isopropyl alcohol acts as a radical scavenger, and reacts with •OH to produce a reducing radical (E0 = −1.8 V) [34]. Therefore, we added IPA to the

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• investigate the laser ablation of a solid target, not the liquid, and link the ablation beam’s donut shape to NP quality. Future studies may examine how these modified plume shapes, plume dynamics, and bubble lifetimes impact nanoparticle synthesis, particularly concerning their size distribution and

Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis

• Soni Prajapati and
• Ranjana Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29

• ]. Apart from that, quantitative and qualitative measurements of SDS in terms of laboratory use are necessary. The SDS is widely used in protein estimation via polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) [10]. Several research groups widely explore nanoparticle synthesis using SDS as a capping agent for

• surveillance and assessment. Schematic representation of PEG–PCL nanoparticle synthesis via ring-opening copolymerization (ROC). The diagram illustrates the stepwise chemical process of nanoparticle formation, highlighting key molecular transformations and reaction conditions involved in the polymerization

Development of a mucoadhesive drug delivery system and its interaction with gastric cells

• Ahmet Baki Sahin,
• Serdar Karakurt and
• Deniz Sezlev Bilecen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 371–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.28

• corresponding fluorescence intensity (FI) values (λex = 485 nm, λem = 530 nm) was used to calculate the amount of peptide within the nanoparticles. Based on the parameters used for the nanoparticle synthesis in this study, the encapsulation efficiency of the FAM-labeled peptide model within EudAlg NPs was (58.6

Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites

• Madeleine K. Wilsey,
• Teona Taseska,
• Qishen Lyu,
• Connor P. Cox and
• Astrid M. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26

• unattached catalyst material, which is especially problematic with precious catalysts. Overall, separate nanoparticle synthesis–attachment produces composites with adhesion, durability, electrical contact, and concomitant energy efficiency issues. Here, we report a new one-step pulsed laser grafting process

• directly on submerged hydrophilic carbon fiber paper supports. The laser grafting process took 60 min, significantly less time than typical chemical gold nanoparticle synthesis and subsequent support attachment of several hours [34]. The use of nanosecond pulses in the pulsed laser grafting process has the

• surfactant-free gold nanoparticles directly on carbon fiber paper supports by integrating nanoparticle synthesis and attachment, obviating typical laborious nanoparticle synthesis, separation, and immobilization procedures. Pulsed laser-grafted composites exhibited zero measurable charge transfer resistance

Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases

• Theo Fromme,
• Maximilian L. Spiekermann,
• Florian Lehmann,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Thomas Seidensticker and
• Sven Reichenberger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20

• nanoparticle synthesis was shown to produce gas phases consisting of hydrogen [11][12][13], carbon dioxide [12][14], and carbon monoxide [12][14], as well as carbon-based gases such as methane or C2 hydrocarbons [12][13][14][15][16]. In addition to gaseous by-products, the decomposition was found to produce

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• /bjnano.15.124 Abstract ʟ-Carnosine is a dipeptide with notable antioxidant, antiglycation, metal chelating, and neuroprotective properties. Despite its many biological roles, applying ʟ-carnosine as a capping agent in nanoparticle synthesis has remained underexplored. This study explores the potential of

• capping and stabilizing agent is required for silver nanoparticle synthesis. Maiti et al. demonstrated that the dipeptide ʟ-carnosine interacted highly with pristine silver nanospheres [6]. However, its role as a stabilizing/capping agent was never explored for nanoparticle synthesis and advanced

• purification. Before the experiment, glassware was cleaned with aqua regia and rinsed twice with double distilled (DD) water. Methods Tunable plasmonic silver nanoparticle synthesis using ʟ-carnosine Silver nanoparticles with tunable plasmon wavelength were synthesized using a wet-chemical reduction approach

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• reducing agent [34]. In this way, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has expanded in nanoscience and nanotechnology [35]. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using algae Green nanoparticle synthesis is the design and development of strategies for the production of nanoparticles to reduce the use or

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• NaCl (Figure 4g,h). Although centrifuged and as-prepared AuNR20.5 and AuNR21.0 showed a noticeable difference in the absorption spectrum compared to the control (Figure 4g,h). Previously, several reports confirmed the use of NaOH and NaCl in nanoparticle synthesis or surface modification for different

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• alginate from marine sources adds to its appeal as a sustainable and renewable material for nanoparticle synthesis [103]. These nanoparticles have demonstrated potential in sensing applications, including temperature, humidity, water level, and various environmental pollutants. Heavy metal and volatile

Laser synthesis of nanoparticles in organic solvents – products, reactions, and perspectives

• Theo Fromme,
• Sven Reichenberger,
• Katharine M. Tibbetts and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 638–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.54

• reports from Fojtik and Henglein on nanoparticle synthesis [1] and Patil et al. on reactive target modification [2], pulsed laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) has been shown to be a scalable [3][4][5][6] and versatile technique for nanoparticle synthesis, comprehensively reviewed regarding

• generation of inorganic particles is a physicochemical approach that claims to synthesize particles without surfactants or molecular additives. In contrast to other approaches of nanoparticle synthesis, LSPC only requires the neat (elemental) target materials while no other precursors or ligand exchange

• example, polyynes or alkanes, or permanent gases forming persistent gas microbubbles. There have been various reviews regarding nanoparticle synthesis (mainly addressing findings reported for aqueous media) [7][54][55][56], fundamental physical processes during LSPC [57][58][59], and the potential use of

Potential of a deep eutectic solvent in silver nanoparticle fabrication for antibiotic residue detection

• Le Hong Tho,
• Bui Xuan Khuyen,
• Ngoc Xuan Dat Mai and
• Nhu Hoa Thi Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 426–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.38

• Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.15.38 Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have recently emerged as an alternative solvent for nanoparticle synthesis. There have been numerous advancements in the fabrication of silver nanoparticles

Vinorelbine-loaded multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release study

• Zeynep Özcan and
• Afife Binnaz Hazar Yoruç

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 256–269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.24

• The chemicals used in nanoparticle synthesis, namely iron(III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, Mw = 270.30 g/mol), iron(II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, Mw = 198.81 g/mol), dopamine hydrochloride (Mw = 189.64 g/mol), tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane hydrochloride, (Tris-HCl, Mw = 157.60 g/mol

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

New trends in nanobiotechnology

• Pau-Loke Show,
• Kit Wayne Chew,
• Wee-Jun Ong,
• Sunita Varjani and
• Joon Ching Juan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 377–379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.32

• field of nanoparticle synthesis for medical treatments. The collection of comprehensive reviews and studies assembled in this thematic issue on nanobiotechnology trends provides useful and new scientific knowledge regarding the advancement of nanobiotechnology for science, technological, and engineering

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• comparison to monocytes. Keywords: cancer cells; cytotoxic behavior; green synthesis; pineapple extract; silver chloride nanoparticles; silver nanoparticles; structural characterization; Introduction The study of metallic nanoparticle synthesis by green methods is gaining importance, especially in cases

pH-driven enhancement of anti-tubercular drug loading on iron oxide nanoparticles for drug delivery in macrophages

• Karishma Berta Cotta,
• Sarika Mehra and
• Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1127–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.84

• the treatment of intracellular pathogens. Experimental Reagents FeCl2·4H2O, FeCl3·6H2O and NOR used in the nanoparticle synthesis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. 25% ammonia solution was purchased from Merck, Germany (GR grade). RPMI-1640 and fetal bovine serum (FBS) used for the culturing

• diluted cell suspension was then gently vortexed and 10 µL loaded on to a hemocytometer for cell counting. The relative viability of the sample was determined with respect to the non-treated control. A representation of the iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis followed by the steps for drug loading. NOR

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• potentials, neutralizing charge, and in particular, crystal face pacification, enabling preferential crystal growth. DESs are the medium where nanoparticle synthesis occurs in the presence of capping agent and reducing agents. Biocompatible capping and reducing agents, such as carbohydrates (i.e

• ., carrageenan), are suitable for nanoparticle synthesis intended for biological applications. Carrageenans are a group of oligosaccharides predominantly found in Rhodophyceae commonly known as red algae. They are sulfated linear oligosaccharides consisting of ᴅ-galactose residue units linked by (1→3)-linked β-ᴅ

• of DESs facilitates rapid nucleation yielding tiny particles that undergo Ostwald ripening through a slow process, allowing for the manipulation on the nanoscale with controlled crystal growth. Plasmonic metal nanoparticle synthesis using DESs Plasmonic metal nanoparticles, such as gold, silver, and

Silver nanoparticles nucleated in NaOH-treated halloysite: a potential antimicrobial material

• Yuri B. Matos,
• Rodrigo S. Romanus,
• Mattheus Torquato,
• Edgar H. de Souza,
• Rodrigo L. Villanova,
• Marlene Soares and
• Emilson R. Viana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 798–807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.63

• , and HNT-8 were recorded with TEM, while sample HNT-8 was also measured with XRD. (XRD was also performed for HNT-0 and HNT-4 but omitted from this report because it did not show any significant difference from HNT-8). Silver nanoparticle synthesis To synthesize silver nanoparticles, 10 g of HNT (from

• and DSC analysis, from room temperature up to 600 °C, at constant heating of 20 °C/min. In order to observe the phases identified in the DSC/TGA measurements, four 10 g samples of HNT-8 were loaded with AgNO3 using the process described in section “Silver nanoparticle synthesis” and heated up to 65

• were quantified by means of an antimicrobial surface activity test. First, two 10 g samples of Ag-NPs were prepared according the process described in section “Silver nanoparticle synthesis”. Then, one of the Ag-NP samples was coated with DIO to make its surface hydrophobic and therefore more

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• decomposition approach with rGO synthesized from reduced graphite oxide at 400 °C. It is extremely important that the used rGO is thoroughly dried because of the oxyphilic nature of nickel nanoparticles. Therefore, before the nanoparticle synthesis, the rGO was dried using a turbo molecular pump at 5 × 10−7

• oxidation and thermal reduction process using natural graphite (type KFL 99.5 from AMG Mining AG, former Kropfmühl AG, Passau, Germany) as starting material. Graphite was oxidized according to [67]. Reduction of the graphite oxide was performed at 400 °C. Before using rGO in the nanoparticle synthesis, it

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• deposition process. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) are among other chemical methods for nanoparticle synthesis. CVD is a method that allows production of nanoparticles on a substrate [241]. The process consists of three steps. First, the addition of a volatile precursor in

• surface. We have recently reviewed engineered TMV and its virus‐like‐particles (VLPs) for synthesis of biotemplated nanomaterials. We also discussed the recent advances on novel barely stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) and its VLP as a novel template for metal nanoparticle synthesis [273][274]. 3.4 Algae

Electrokinetic characterization of synthetic protein nanoparticles

• Daniel F. Quevedo,
• Cody J. Lentz,
• Adriana Coll de Peña,
• Yazmin Hernandez,
• Nahal Habibi,
• Rikako Miki,
• Joerg Lahann and
• Blanca H. Lapizco-Encinas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1556–1567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.138

• condition for the electrokinetic trapping of microorganisms in arrays of insulating posts, as well as to determine the empirical EP of the second-kind mobility by employing Equation 9 with eEEEC. The parameters of eEEEC and are reported in Table 2 for all the PNPs studied here. Experimental Nanoparticle

• synthesis, purification, and characterization Particles were synthesized using the EHD jetting method. The protein(s) of interest and 2kDa NHS-PEG-NHS copolymer were dissolved at 10% (w/v) and 1% (w/v), respectively, in a 90:10 (ultrapure H2O/EtOH) solution. They were subsequently flowed through a syringe

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• . Keywords: antimicrobial mechanism; antimicrobial nanoparticles; metallic nanoparticles; nanoparticle synthesis; nosocomial infections; Review Introduction In the last decades, the search for new antimicrobial substances against microbial contamination has been the focus of many research fields, in public

• to the environment, in addition to being cytotoxic and carcinogenic [72]. Several toxic chemicals adhered to the particles synthesized through these methods have been identified [13][73]. For these reasons, an interest in environmentally friendly nanoparticle synthesis methods, also called "green

Magnetic-field-assisted synthesis of anisotropic iron oxide particles: Effect of pH

• Andrey V. Shibaev,
• Petr V. Shvets,
• Darya E. Kessel,
• Roman A. Kamyshinsky,
• Anton S. Orekhov,
• Sergey S. Abramchuk,
• Alexei R. Khokhlov and
• Olga E. Philippova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1230–1241, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.107

• purified by the Millipore Milli-Q system (Burlington, MA, USA). Synthesis of nanoparticles A scheme of the experimental setup used for the nanoparticle synthesis is presented in Figure S4 (see Supporting Information File 1). The iron ion solution with a Fe3+:Fe2+ molar ratio of 2:1 was prepared by