Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• characteristics of cuticle cross sections, we prepared the samples by sectioning, allowing for the visualization of the underlying structures. Prior to SEM imaging, a thin layer of gold–palladium, 10 nm thick, was applied to the samples. We utilized a Hitachi S-4800 SEM, operating at 3 kV. Images were captured at

A biomimetic approach towards a universal slippery liquid infused surface coating

• Ryan A. Faase,
• Madeleine H. Hummel,
• AnneMarie V. Hasbrook,
• Andrew P. Carpenter and
• Joe E. Baio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1376–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.111

• Microscopy Sciences). Samples were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (Cressington 108A) and imaged on a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (FEI Quanta 600F). ImageJ was used to measure fiber diameter and clot density. Clot density was determined by drawing a line through the image and counting the number of

Nanoarchitectonics with cetrimonium bromide on metal nanoparticles for linker-free detection of toxic metal ions and catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1312–1332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.106

• laborious and requires precious metals such as palladium and platinum as catalysts [20]. Colorimetric detection methods have attracted attention because of their advantages, including simplicity, sensitivity, visualization, and real-time detection, while other methods often require expensive instrumentation

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• glycerin (descending) and ethanol (ascending) mixtures. Afterwards, samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series and dried using a Leica EM CPD300 (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) critical point drier. The tarsi were mounted on SEM stubs and sputter-coated with 10 nm gold–palladium in a Leica Bal-TEC

Synthesis of silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles using co-sputtering of independent sources: experimental and theorical study

• Maria J. Martínez-Carreón,
• Francisco Solís-Pomar,
• Abel Fundora,
• Claudio D. Gutiérrez-Lazos,
• Sergio Mejía-Rosales,
• Hector N. Fernández-Escamilla,
• Jonathan Guerrero-Sánchez,
• Manuel F. Meléndrez and
• Eduardo Pérez-Tijerina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 808–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.67

• functionalities in a single particle, making them extremely versatile and valuable in various scientific, technological, and industrial applications. In this work, bimetallic silver–palladium Janus nanoparticles were obtained for the first time using the inert gas condensation technique. In order to achieve this

• particle. A density functional theory structural aims to understand the atomic arrangement at the interface of the Janus particle. Keywords: bimetallic nanoparticles; inert gas condensation; Janus nanoparticles; silver–palladium nanoparticles; Introduction Janus-type nanoparticles are specific structures

• –palladium alloyed nanocrystals are currently materials of high interest in electronics, specifically because they can be used in the building of electrodes for multilayer ceramic capacitors, exhibiting better thermal performance than silver nanocrystals, partly, because Pd has a relatively high critical

Comparative analysis of the ultrastructure and adhesive secretion pathways of different smooth attachment pads of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata (Phasmatodea)

• Julian Thomas,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 612–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.52

• , the dry pretarsal arolium and tarsal euplantulae were dissected at the centre using two fine tweezers to achieve a clean breaking edge. The samples were mounted on aluminium stubs and sputter-coated with a 10 nm layer of gold–palladium (Leica BalTec SCD 500, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany). The images were

Sidewall angle tuning in focused electron beam-induced processing

• Sangeetha Hari,
• Willem F. van Dorp,
• Johannes J. L. Mulders,
• Piet H. F. Trompenaars,
• Pieter Kruit and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 447–456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.40

• , section S1 for more details on the simulation). Sidewall slope evolution under FEBIE To experimentally study the modification of the sidewalls of a FEBID structure, carbon structures were first deposited on a silicon substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The

• substrate with a 20 nm gold–palladium layer and a 5 nm titanium adhesion layer. The line was patterned in 500 passes with a dwell time of 500 µs, using a 5 keV beam and 100 pA current with a defocus of 100 nm. Prior to the FIB milling the line was covered with a protective layer of FEBID Pt/C from the

Insect attachment on waxy plant surfaces: the effect of pad contamination by different waxes

• Elena V. Gorb and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 385–395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.35

• up, avoiding any contact, for cutting off the legs. Air-dried samples (parts of plant organs and clean or contaminated insect legs) were mounted on holders, sputter-coated with gold–palladium (thickness 8 nm for plants and 10 nm for insects), and examined in a Hitachi S-800 scanning electron

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• extracted from a 65 decitex yarn. Fibers were mounted onto cardstock specimen holders, fixed with adhesive at two points approximately 15 mm apart from one another, and conductively coated with a gold–palladium mixture to mitigate sample drift, for example, due to sample charging effects inside the FIB

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• (PCE). However, studies report that gold nanorods suffer from poor photostability, and loss of shape and NIR LSPR upon laser irradiation [39]. By using palladium nanostructures, photothermal stability could be achieved to some extent as they did not change their shape upon laser irradiation. Palladium

• nanosheets exhibited a high PCE of 52% at 808 nm [40]. Palladium nanocorollae have shown a photothermal effect due to NIR LSPR with a temperature increase up to 50 °C [36]. Semiconductor nanomaterials: Generation and relaxation of electron–hole pairs are responsible for heat generation in semiconductor

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• (Hitachi High-Technologies Corp., Tokyo, Japan) at 3 kV acceleration voltage. Specimens were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (10 nm layer thickness). In a similar manner to a procedure from [33], for cryo-SEM, insect samples were either glued with Tissue-Tek® O.C.T.TM Compound (Sakura® Finetek Europe

• knife in the cryo-stage preparation chamber, were sputter-coated with gold/palladium (6 nm thickness) and examined under freeze conditions (−120 °C) in the SEM Hitachi S-4800 at 3 kV acceleration voltage. Sputter-coated samples were also used to demonstrate the modulation of the light reflection

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• were successfully synthesized by sequential coupling of CF3-substituted copper, cobalt, and palladium porphyrins on the surface. The assembly of different porphyrin oligomers combines multiple functional properties such as gas adsorption and magnetism in a one-dimensional structure. This approach could

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• elements, nanospheres of gold, silver, platinum, cobalt, zinc, nickel, titanium, copper, aluminium, molybdenum, vanadium, and palladium have been analysed [98]. Although there were assumptions of homogeneity, sphericity, and no interaction between particles, the Mie theory-based scattering cross sections

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• gold and palladium and inserted on metal stubs before being dried for a 24 h SEM analysis. Determination of encapsulation efficiency, drug loading and production yield The previously reported UV–vis spectrophotometric quantification method was used to determine the DCX encapsulation efficiency of the

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• unit to dehydrate the tissue prior to imaging. They were then placed on a double stick conductive carbon tape affixed to a stub and sputter coated with a platinum/palladium coating. Toes were then viewed using a ThermoFisher Scientific Quanta™ 3D 200i SEM in the Central Facility for Advanced Microscopy

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• process resulted in the growth of coaxial palladium nanowires/carbon nanotube composite structures (PdNWCNTs) using catalyzed palladium films deposited only near the tip of AFM suspensions in commercial tapping mode. The experimental results show that the PdNWCNT probe is sufficient for standard

Biomimetic chitosan with biocomposite nanomaterials for bone tissue repair and regeneration

• Se-Kwon Kim,
• Sesha Subramanian Murugan,
• Pandurang Appana Dalavi,
• Sebanti Gupta,
• Sukumaran Anil,
• Gi Hun Seong and
• Jayachandran Venkatesan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1051–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.92

• Bacillus cereus. The cytotoxicity behaviour was determined by an in vitro proliferation experiment with MG-63 cells. The findings indicate that the nontoxic substances are safe to be used in bone tissue engineering applications [69]. A new combination with palladium/zinc oxide/hydroxyapatite was fabricated

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• ) equipped with a camera (Leica DFC420) prior to further experiments. For the following anatomical studies, mandibles of nectar collector and hive bees were then washed with acetone and water. They were air-dried, mounted on holders (inside up), sputter-coated with a 10 nm thick layer of gold–palladium and

• bees were studied in the cryo-SEM in the frozen state so the resin contaminations did not dry out. They were placed on holders (medial surface up), rapidly frozen on the table in the preparation chamber at −140 °C, sputter coated with gold palladium (3 nm), and studied at −120 °C with a cryoSEM

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• ferromagnetic state causes a qualitative change of both the reflectivity and the magneto-optical Kerr effect transients. A nanoscale magnetic inhomogeneity of the ferromagnet/paramagnet type inherent in the palladium-rich Pd1−xFex alloys reveals itself through the occurrence of a relatively slow, 10–25 ps

• application. Among several candidates [1][2][3], palladium-rich Pd1−xFex alloys look attractive because of the noble-metal base robust against deterioration and the possibility to tune the magnetic properties of Pd1−xFex alloy films by varying the iron content x and the preparation conditions [29][30

• magnetic inhomogeneities are inherent in disordered Pd1−xFex alloys with a high palladium content, on the other hand, these inhomogeneities are extremely undesirable in MJJs. Indeed, within the frame of the percolation model of ferromagnetism in Pd1−xFex alloys with x < 0.1 [34][35], magnetic

Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions

• Elena V. Gorb,
• Iryna A. Kozeretska and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 807–816, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.71

• 2500 cryo-preparation system, Gatan Inc., Abingdon, UK). Frozen samples, either entire or fractured with a cold metal fracture knife in the cryo-stage preparation chamber, were sputter-coated with gold–palladium (6 nm thickness) and examined in frozen condition (−120 °C) in a cryo-SEM Hitachi S-4800

Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd_1−xFe_x films and an epitaxial Pd_0.92Fe_0.08/Ag/Pd_0.96Fe_0.04 heterostructure

• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Gulnaz F. Gizzatullina,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28

• , extending its functionality. Palladium–iron alloys Pd1−xFex with x < 0.10 are of strong practical interest for such MJJ and SSV structures [13][14][15][16][17] as a material for weak ferromagnetic links with tunable magnetic properties [18]. Epitaxial films of Pd1−xFex alloys with low iron content x are

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• (COP) material using this method [5]. Fabrication and use of metal microneedles In addition to silicon and polymers, microneedles are also fabricated from metals including nickel, titanium, stainless steel, and palladium. Metals provide good mechanical properties and biocompatibility for microneedle

Nickel nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide/WO₃ nanocomposite – a promising candidate for gas sensing

• Ilka Simon,
• Alexandr Savitsky,
• Rolf Mülhaupt,
• Vladimir Pankov and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 343–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.28

• , and greater stability than pure WO3 [20]. WO3 decorated with palladium nanoparticles on the surface can be used as an improved and reusable gas sensor for NH3 [21]. Metal oxide semiconductor junctions can either be formed between two p-type MOS or two n-type MOS (p–p/n–n homojunctions) or between a p

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• also investigated palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and to a lesser extent even copper (Cu) [20][21][22]. However, there is no study analysing iridium (Ir) as catalytic metal. According to its standard reduction potential of 1.16 V, it is comparable to Pt (1.18 V) and Pd (0.95 V) and should work

• PVD methods. The deposition of gold and palladium was done by magnetron sputtering. The film thickness has been adjusted by the use of a calibrated deposition rate. Ion beam sputter deposition (IBSD) has been used to deposit platinum and copper. For copper deposition, the thickness has been controlled