Tailoring of physical properties of RF-sputtered ZnTe films: role of substrate temperature

• Kafi Devi,
• Usha Rani,
• Arun Kumar,
• Divya Gupta and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 333–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.25

• with energy lower than the excitation photon energy are emitted. The recombination can occur either from band to band or through impurities and defects present within an energy level inside the forbidden gap. Grain boundaries are responsible for non-radiative recombination processes. For the present

TiO₂ immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites

• Marina G. Shelyapina,
• Rosario Isidro Yocupicio-Gaxiola,
• Gleb A. Valkovsky and
• Vitalii Petranovskii

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12

• diffuse reflectance spectra. In this method, it is assumed that the energy-dependent absorption coefficient α can be written as where h is the Planck constant, hν is the photon energy, and B is a constant. The factor n depends on the nature of the electron transition, that is, n = 1/2 for direct and n = 2

• spectrometer (operating with Topspin version 3.2) using a double-resonance 4 mm MAS probe with a rotor speed of 12.5 kHz. XPS spectra of the samples were taken using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Escalab 250Xi spectrometer with non-monochromatic Al Kα radiation (photon energy 1486.6 eV). Bandgaps energies were

• , c) and Ti-ENh-C (b, d); (e) t-plot for Ti-E6h-C with a linear fit in the t range from 0.33 to 0.6 nm. TG and DTG profiles for the studied nanocomposites. (a) UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra and (b) plots of (F(R)hν)1/2 versus photon energy for calculation of bandgap energies of TiO2-loaded

Quantum-to-classical modeling of monolayer Ge₂Se₂ and its application in photovoltaic devices

• Anup Shrivastava,
• Shivani Saini,
• Dolly Kumari,
• Sanjai Singh and
• Jost Adam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1153–1169, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.94

• calculated work function and electron affinity are about 3.313 and 3.873 eV, respectively. Optical responses of monolayer Ge2Se2; real (solid) and imaginary (dashed) part of the dielectric constant and refractive index vs wavelength (left) and photon energy (right), for in-plane and out-of-plane excitation

Intermixing of MoS₂ and WS₂ photocatalysts toward methylene blue photodegradation

• Maryam Al Qaydi,
• Nitul S. Rajput,
• Michael Lejeune,
• Abdellatif Bouchalkha,
• Mimoun El Marssi,
• Steevy Cordette,
• Chaouki Kasmi and
• Mustapha Jouiad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 817–829, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.68

• cost-effective technology. By harnessing impinging photons, the photocatalytic degradation of pollutants takes place at the interface between the photocatalyst surface and the MB-contaminated electrolyte. The photon energy is the driving force for breaking down the MB compound leading to its removal [9

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• applications, photodetection is an attractive area because photodetectors are the critial component to convert photon energy into electrical signals based on a nonlinear interaction between electromagnetic field and material surface [7]. Currently, many scientists are studying this topic in order to apply

Upscaling the urea method synthesis of CoAl layered double hydroxides

• Camilo Jaramillo-Hernández,
• Víctor Oestreicher,
• Martín Mizrahi and
• Gonzalo Abellán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 927–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.76

• transmitted X-rays were measured using two ionization chambers. XAS spectra were collected from 7590 to 8550 eV with a reduced step (0.2 eV) in the XANES region (7690 to 7750 eV). The incident photon energy was calibrated using the first inflection point of the Co K edge (7709 eV) from a Co reference foil

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• utilized in photon energy conversion devices due to the excellent photo response in the visible and near-UV light regions. Hence, controlling morphology and functionalization of such nanomaterials during synthesis will open vast opportunities to satisfy the requirements for various specific applications

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• direct and indirect transitions, which are related to the crystal structure. To distinguish these two types of transition, it is common to use the Tauc plot [55][56][57][58], where the absorbance coefficient is multiplied with the photon energy and plotted as an exponential function of the photon energy

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• effective localization of the incident photon energy, and the decay of this oscillation (through phenomena such as electron–electron, electron–phonon, and electron–surface scattering) releases the absorbed energy into the lattice as heat (or as photons), often making them efficient tunable PT energy

• materials [24][25]. Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with a material can lead to absorption, transmission, or scattering. Regarding scattering, elastic and inelastic scattering are the major classifications. Elastic scattering means conservation of the photon energy, in inelastic scattering, there

• are processes other than complete absorption through which photon energy can be transferred to a material. Elastic scattering is not relevant for PT applications as there is no transfer of energy into the material for heating. Absorption/inelastic scattering of electromagnetic radiation can lead to

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• a nutshell, when exposed to light of the desired wavelength (enough energy), an electron (e−) in the photocatalyst's valence band absorbs photon energy and is excited to the conduction band on a femtosecond scale. This results in the formation of a hole (h+) in the valence band and a charge carrier

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• the prepared platinum-coated carbon support, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used (Prevac, Poland) with an R3000 VG analyzer (Scienta, Sweden) and an X-ray source with an Al Kα anode (Prevac, Poland) emitting X-rays with a photon energy of 1486.6 eV. The analysis of the XPS spectra

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• before and after laser annealing. The bandgap energy Eg was determined using the following equation (Tauc relation) [28]: where α is the absorption coefficient, hν is the photon energy; A is a constant, Eg is the bandgap energy, n = 0.5 for a direct bandgap, and n = 2 for an indirect bandgap. The bandgap

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• :00 PM, respectively, while identical sunlight spectra are revealed in the morning and in the afternoon [47]. The observation suggests that the photoactivity of the photoelectrochemical water splitting catalyst depends on photon energy and luminous emittance [9][46]. Furthermore, illumination higher

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• equation as described in Equations 5–7 [43]: where E is the photon energy (eV), h is Planck’s constant (4.132·10−15 eV·s), ν is the photon frequency (s−1), c is the velocity of light (nm·s−1), λ is the wavelength (nm), α is the absorption coefficient, B is a constant, and Eg is the bandgap energy (eV), R

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• dihydrate and synthesized ZnO NPs with sizes in the range of 9–18 nm. UV–vis DRS spectra of ZnO were shown in Figure 6a. ZnO absorbs light in the ultraviolet region. The bandgap energy of synthesized ZnO was determined by extrapolation of the linear part of the curve (α·hν)2 as a function of photon energy

• synthesized ZnO NPs. HR-TEM images of synthesized ZnO NPs. UV–vis DRS spectra (a) and plot of (α·hν)2 as a function of photon energy for ZnO NPs (b). Zeta potential of synthesized ZnO NPs. UV–vis spectra of degradation of MO (a, b) and MB (c, d) under visible and UV light. Photodegradation efficiency of MO (a

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• holes. The bandgap (Eg) of a semiconductor is usually estimated by the Tauc formula (αhν) = A(hv − Eg)n/2, where α is the absorbance, hν is the photon energy, A is a constant, Eg is the bandgap , and n is a constant. For Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe), as direct bandgap semiconductors, the value of n is 1 [58

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• electric dipolar selection rule Δl = ±1, and also to the stereochemical arrangement of neighbors around the absorbing atom. By tuning the incident photon energy to the X-ray edge energy of the target atom, it is possible to determine the coordination environment, bonding characteristics, as well as spin

Self-assembly of C₆₀ on a ZnTPP/Fe(001)–p(1 × 1)O substrate: observation of a quasi-freestanding C₆₀ monolayer

• Guglielmo Albani,
• Michele Capra,
• Alessandro Lodesani,
• Alberto Calloni,
• Gianlorenzo Bussetti,
• Marco Finazzi,
• Franco Ciccacci,
• Alberto Brambilla,
• Lamberto Duò and
• Andrea Picone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.76

• acquired at normal emission with a 150 mm hemispherical electron analyzer from SPECS GmbH. The probing depth of UPS is a few angstroms [49]. A He lamp has been employed as a source of non-monochromatized unpolarized UV photons. The He-I line, with a photon energy of 21.2 eV, has been used to excite the

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• interband contributions and is described by: Here, σintra and σinter are the intraband and interband conductivity, respectively. In the mid-infrared wavelength region considered in this work, the Fermi level is greater than half of the photon energy, that is, ℏω < 2Ef. Thus, the intraband contribution will

Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure

• Damian Wojcieszak,
• Jarosław Domaradzki,
• Michał Mazur,
• Tomasz Kotwica and
• Danuta Kaczmarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21

• the relationship [51][52]: where hν = 21.22 eV is the He (I) photon energy, W = 16.01 eV is the width of the spectrum, that is, the energy difference between the VBM and the photoemission cutoff energy, and Eg = 2.80 eV is the bandgap energy calculated from the transmission spectrum. The work function

• (Wf) was determined to be equal to 4.01 eV and was calculated as the difference between the photon energy of the He (I) line and the position of the cutoff energy of the photoemission (17.21 eV). Cross-sectional analysis The structural investigations included measurements of the material composition

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• increasing film thickness [45]. Zhou et al. indicated that the direct bandgap transition of SnO2 has an absorption coefficient α and the optical bandgap (Eg) can be determined by the calculation of α(hν)2 ∝ (hν − Eg)1/2/hν, and the plot of α(hν)2 vs photon energy hν, respectively. For example, the bandgap of

Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film

• Rahil Hosseinifar,
• Evangelos Golias,
• Ivar Kumberg,
• Quentin Guillet,
• Karl Frischmuth,
• Sangeeta Thakur,
• Mario Fix,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Florian Kronast and
• Wolfgang Kuch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5

• magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Gd M5 absorption edge at 1182.6 eV photon energy was used as magnetic contrast mechanism. A small electromagnet mounted inside the sample holder allows for applying a magnetic field to the sample for demagnetizing or creating domains. Before the start of each

First-principles study of the structural, optoelectronic and thermophysical properties of the π-SnSe for thermoelectric applications

• Muhammad Atif Sattar,
• Najwa Al Bouzieh,
• Maamar Benkraouda and
• Noureddine Amrane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1101–1114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.82

• the cubic π-SnSe alloy is presented in Figure 11a as a function of the photon energy. It can be observed that for the π-SnSe system, the static dielectric constant ε1(0) is 12.82, which is positive. The positive value of the real dielectric tensor ε1(ω) suggests that the studied material is a

• semiconductor and transparent. There is only one peak that can be observed for the π-SnSe alloy in the visible energy range. Initially, by increasing the photon energy (ħω), the value of ε1(ω) starts to increase until it reaches its maximum peak value of 19.65 at 1.75 eV. Afterward, ε1(ω) starts to gradually

• decrease and reaches its minimum value of −3.80 at 5.5 eV. Beyond this photon energy value, the value of ε1(ω) shows an increasing trend but stays negative at high energies. The imaginary part ε2(ω) of the dielectric tensor of the studied π-SnSe system as a function of photon energy is presented in Figure

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• from 1200 to 300 nm, which is compatible with the absorbance result. The optical bandgap of thiospinel CuNiCoS4 was calculated from the Tauc and Kubelka–Munk equations. The graph of (F(R∞)hν)2 as function of the photon energy was plotted to estimate the bandgap of nanocrystals with direct band

Rapid controlled synthesis of gold–platinum nanorods with excellent photothermal properties under 808 nm excitation

• Jialin Wang,
• Qianqian Duan,
• Min Yang,
• Boye Zhang,
• Li Guo,
• Pengcui Li,
• Wendong Zhang and
• Shengbo Sang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 462–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.37

• significant part of the photon energy is absorbed through LSPR [1][2]. The LSPR effect excites the free conduction band electrons and energy is released in the form of heat through nonradiative decay [3][4]. Au, Ag, Pt, and other noble metal nanoparticles all exhibit an obvious LSPR effect and strong spectral

• heating. The Au@Pt NRs solution exhibits a stronger thermal response than AuNRs with the same amount of Au. Due to the fact that the LSPR of Au@Pt NRs is closer to 808 nm and has a wider band, it absorbs more photon energy and releases more heat. Next, to explore the influence of laser power on the