Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• . Additionally, the detection of sulfur in PGC indicates the potential presence of residual ZnSO4 precursor. Figure 3c–l present significant changes in the elemental distribution of O, S, Zn, and Ca in PGC compared to pristine CMC. These elements display a higher density on the surface of PGC. Brunauer–Emmett

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• on the perovskite side than ETL-extracted negative charges, which leads to a positive charging of the perovskite. On the contrary, when BCF is added in the spiro-OMeTAD precursor solution, the HTL/perovskite interface extracts charges more efficiently and becomes the dominant junction relative to the

• , with an oxygen flow of 10 L/min. Then, a 1 M methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) precursor solution was prepared (lead iodide 99.99% trace metals basis from TCI, methylammonium iodide >99.99% from Greatcell solar) with the materials dissolved in a DMF/DMSO (4:1) solvent and spin-coated using a two-step

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• the fundamental mechanisms underlying precursor fragmentation by low-energy electrons, which remains an ongoing focus of study in the field, see Figure 1. Within the widely studied group of acetylacetonate complexes, which also play a crucial role in chemical vapor deposition and atomic layer

• -phase investigations of molecular fragmentation by electron beams may not fully predict the behavior of molecules when adsorbed on a surface. This highlights the importance of comparing gas-phase fragmentation results with FEBIP processes. In this issue, the novel iron precursor (i.e., iron

• tetracarbonyl methyl acrylate (Fe(CO)4MA)) is studied in the gas phase using mass spectrometry and during electron-induced processes [7][8]. This issue also presents insights from initial studies using the novel (hfac)AgPMe3 precursor [9], which notably demonstrates a high level of purity at the interface with

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• , Udayana University 80231 Badung, Bali, Indonesia 10.3762/bjnano.16.45 Abstract Flame synthesis using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as the precursor gas to produce carbon nanofibers (CNFs) is an economical alternative to conventional chemical vapor deposition methods using single-component fuels such as

• growth [17]. A study by Zhuang et al. used electrospinning to synthesize CNFs. Polyacrylonitrile was used a carbon precursor and phosphomolybdic acid was added to improve the structure and the conductivity of CNFs. A voltage of 15 kV was applied to a stainless steel needle containing the solution and an

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• definitive understanding. Genetic studies on AD patients indicate that mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP), such as the Osaka [3] and Arctic mutations [4], lead to an overproduction of soluble AβOs. These mutations are associated with an earlier onset of AD, often occurring before the age of 50

Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex

• Chinmai Sai Jureddy,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Iwona B. Szymańska,
• Patrik Hoffmann and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41

• promising precursor for nanoprinting 3D structures with finely focused electron beams. Keywords: 3D nanoprinting; electron-induced molecule dissociation; focused electron beam-induced deposition; metal nanostructures; metalorganic complexes; Introduction Direct fabrication of nanostructures without the

• , resulting in a localized deposit at the irradiated area. When the precursor is delivered to the substrate in its gaseous form through a gas injection system (GIS), the process is termed as gas-assisted FEBID [23], commonly called FEBID. Variants such as liquid FEBID [24] and cryo-FEBID [25] also exist

• under electron impact or getting trapped by newly adsorbing precursor molecules or diffusing molecules. The deposition process is governed by dissociation, desorption, adsorption, and diffusion mechanisms, all of which are influenced by experimental parameters [31] such as substrate temperature

Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction

• Rikuto Kuroda,
• Takahiro Nakamura,
• Hideki Ina and
• Shuhei Shibata

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35

• compatibility. We will conduct additional experiments to clarify the specific mechanism of reaction and attempt to select the optimal radical scavenger. Increasing the efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis by changing solution concentration with radical scavengers When the precursor ion concentration is

• ) confirmed the formation of nanoparticles with a diameter of less than 20 nm. The STEM-EDS mappings (Figure 6b) clearly showed that Au and Pt were uniformly present within each particle, and the atomic ratio was Au/Pt = 1:1, which was consistent with the mixing ratio of the precursor ions. Namely, it was

• nanoparticle synthesis by LRL could be improved by adding radical scavengers such as IPA to the precursor solution. This suggests that it is possible to synthesize nanoparticles in higher concentration solutions. In addition, it was confirmed that the addition of radical scavengers had no negative effect on

Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review

• Nur Areisman Mohd Salleh,
• Amalina Muhammad Afifi,
• Fathiah Mohamed Zuki and
• Hanna Sofia SalehHudin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22

• biocompatibility, biodegradability, and similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) [101]. Electrospinning pure chitosan without any other precursor material, however, presents significant challenges due to its inherent properties. Chitosan has high viscosity and low solubility in most solvents, and it tends to

• material prior to electrospinning, with polyethylene oxide (PEO) and PVA as popular precursor material candidates. Other disadvantages of chitosan nanofibers include low mechanical strength and poor solubility in water [104]. PVA is a good precursor material in electrospinning as it helps in improving the

A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO₂ capture

• Charlotte Skjold Qvist Christensen,
• Nicholas Hansen,
• Mahboubeh Motadayen,
• Nina Lock,
• Martin Lahn Henriksen and
• Jonathan Quinson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14

• preparing flat sheet MOF-based MMMs through various techniques. Conventionally, flat-sheet MOF-based MMMs are prepared by casting a precursor slurry of the membrane polymer with well-dispersed MOF particles onto a glass plate or support substrate [87][89]. As seen in Figure 4a, the precursor mixture can be

• suspension with a small amount of polymer before blending with the polymer solution can help reduce MOF–polymer interface defects [80][90][91][92][93]. Thorough mixing of the precursor slurry is critical to ensure a homogenous final membrane with MOFs evenly dispersed throughout the polymer matrix. For more

• detailed information on general MMM fabrication, the reader is referred to the extensive review by Aroon and coworkers [80]. Once the precursor slurry has been prepared, it can be cast into a solid membrane. Flat sheet MMMs can be prepared as symmetric, Figure 4b, or asymmetric membranes, Figure 4c,d. In

Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition

• Alexander Kuprava and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4

• (continuum model) of the precursor surface on the growing nanostructure in conjunction with a Monte Carlo simulation for electron transport in the growing deposit. An important requirement in this regard is to have access to a methodology that can be used to systematically determine the values for the set of

• precursor parameters needed for this model. In this work we introduce such a method to derive the precursor sticking coefficient as one member of the precursor parameter set. The method is based on the analysis of the different growth regimes in FEBID, in particular the diffusion-enhanced growth regime in

• the center region of an intentionally defocused electron beam. We employ the method to determine the precursor sticking coefficient for bis(benzene)chromium, Cr(C6H6)2, and trimethyl(methylcyclopentadienyl)platinum(IV), Me3CpPtMe, and find a value of about 10−2 for both precursors, which is

Heterogeneous reactions in a HFCVD reactor: simulation using a 2D model

• Xochitl Aleyda Morán Martínez,
• José Alberto Luna López,
• Zaira Jocelyn Hernández Simón,
• Gabriel Omar Mendoza Conde,
• José Álvaro David Hernández de Luz and
• Godofredo García Salgado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1627–1638, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.128

• regarding the filaments (2300 K), compared with other CVD reactors like low-pressure CVD (800 K). Hence, diffusion is expected to dominate the reactions for the formation of the precursor species. The growth of SiOx films is controlled by nucleation effects. According to results for high temperatures over

• fluid dynamics play a very important role in the formation and diffusion of precursor species. The solution of the model allowed us to obtain preliminary results for the concentration of the species in the reactions proposed in Table 3. The concentration profiles for H°, SiO, O2, and OH were analyzed at

Facile synthesis of size-tunable L-carnosine-capped silver nanoparticles and their role in metal ion sensing and catalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol

• Akash Kumar,
• Ridhima Chadha,
• Abhishek Das,
• Nandita Maiti and
• Rayavarapu Raja Gopal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1576–1592, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.124

• -chemical reduction approach. The precursor metal salt was reduced in the presence of the stabilizing or capping agent. Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the ʟ-car-AgNP synthesis. The sample ʟ-car-AgNP1 was synthesized at room temperature by sequentially mixing water, NaOH, ʟ-carnosine, AgNO3

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles derived from algae and their larvicidal properties to control Aedes aegypti

• Matheus Alves Siqueira de Assunção,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Mara Elga Medeiros Braga,
• Severino Alves Junior,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa,
• Herminio José Cipriano de Sousa and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1566–1575, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.123

• processes that involve reducing the size of bulk silver materials to the atomic size of the AgNPs [25]. Bottom-up AgNPs are synthesized via precursor salt reactions that lead to the formation of AgNPs [26] including condensation, precipitation, and pyrolysis [27]. AgNPs can be synthesized using physical

Ion-induced surface reactions and deposition from Pt(CO)₂Cl₂ and Pt(CO)₂Br₂

• Mohammed K. Abdel-Rahman,
• Patrick M. Eckhert,
• Atul Chaudhary,
• Johnathon M. Johnson,
• Jo-Chi Yu,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1427–1439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.115

• transfer from the incident ion to adsorbed precursor molecules. This precursor decomposition step is accompanied by a decrease in the oxidation state of the Pt(II) atoms and, in IBID, represents the elementary reaction step that converts the molecular precursor into an involatile PtX2 species. Upon further

• ion irradiation these PtCl2 or PtBr2 species experience ion-induced sputtering. The difference between halogen and Pt sputter rates leads to a critical ion dose at which only Pt remains in the film. A comparison of the different ion/precursor combinations studied revealed that this sequence of

• ability of data acquired from fundamental UHV surface science studies to provide insights that can be used to better understand the interactions between ions and precursors during IBID from inorganic precursors. Keywords: deposition; ion beam; nanostructure; organometallic; precursor; Introduction

Nanotechnological approaches for efficient N2B delivery: from small-molecule drugs to biopharmaceuticals

• Selin Akpinar Adscheid,
• Akif E. Türeli,
• Nazende Günday-Türeli and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1400–1414, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.113

• stabilized with tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) were proposed against Alzheimer’s disease. TPGS, a water-soluble precursor of vitamin E, was used in the formulation to reduce the amyloid-beta-induced oxidative stress [114]. In vivo tests on Wistar rats highlighted that the mucoadhesive

Mn-doped ZnO nanopowders prepared by sol–gel and microwave-assisted sol–gel methods and their photocatalytic properties

• Cristina Maria Vlăduț,
• Crina Anastasescu,
• Silviu Preda,
• Oana Catalina Mocioiu,
• Simona Petrescu,
• Jeanina Pandele-Cusu,
• Dana Culita,
• Veronica Bratan,
• Ioan Balint and
• Maria Zaharescu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1283–1296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.104

• oxides have been synthesized by exposing precursor solutions to microwave irradiation, including MgO [28], RuO2 [29], ZrO2 [30], WO3 [31], SiO2 [32], TiO2 [33][34], and ZnO [12]. The microwave power utilized in these processes varied from 140 W [34] to 850 W [29]. ZnO is a widely studied n-type oxide

• -structural characterizations of the resulting materials and investigates their photocatalytic performance for the mineralization of oxalic acid in aqueous solutions under simulated solar irradiation. Results and Discussion As-prepared samples The synthesis process involved the preparation of precursor

• purification and pollutant remediation. Experimental Synthesis The starting materials (all reagent grade) for obtaining precursor solutions are zinc acetate dehydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O), anhydrous manganese acetate (Mn(CH3COO)2), absolute ethanol (C2H5OH), and triethanolamine (C6H15NO3, TEA). The precursor

New design of operational MEMS bridges for measurements of properties of FEBID-based nanostructures

• Bartosz Pruchnik,
• Krzysztof Kwoka,
• Ewelina Gacka,
• Dominik Badura,
• Piotr Kunicki,
• Andrzej Sierakowski,
• Paweł Janus,
• Tomasz Piasecki and
• Teodor Gotszalk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1273–1282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.103

• , 17 pA, 13 ms dwell time, a single line pattern in a single pass with 4 nm pitch, and MeCpPtMe3 precursor at 321 K with a flow rate of 8.5 × 10−4 μm3/s. The pattern line was set to begin on one electrode and end on the other (Figure 7). In between, the nanowire growth proceeded horizontally with an

Dual-functionalized architecture enables stable and tumor cell-specific SiO₂NPs in complex biological fluids

• Iris Renata Sousa Ribeiro,
• Raquel Frenedoso da Silva,
• Romênia Ramos Domingues,
• Adriana Franco Paes Leme and
• Mateus Borba Cardoso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1238–1252, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.100

• , resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm–1). Synthesis of rhodamine-labeled SiO2NPs (SiO2NPs) The synthesis of rhodamine-labeled SiO2NPs was similar to the protocol proposed by the group [27]. The dye precursor was synthesized by conjugation of the isothiocyanate group of rhodamine B isothiocyanate to APTES at a molar ratio

• of 50:1 (dye: APTES) in absolute ethanol under nitrogen. The resulting solution was continuously stirred for 24 h. The conjugate was then hydrolyzed in a basic ethanolic solution with TEOS and catalyzed by ammonia. In summary, the dye precursor (0.1 mL) was added to ethanol (120.0 mL), TEOS (2.0 mL

• maximum of two missed cleavages allowed. A tolerance of 10 ppm for precursor ions and 1 Da for fragment ions was defined. A maximum of 1% FDR calculated using reverse sequences was set for both protein and peptide identification. Cell viability assays HaCat and KB cells were cultured in a DMEM culture

Enhanced catalytic reduction through in situ synthesized gold nanoparticles embedded in glucosamine/alginate nanocomposites

• Chi-Hien Dang,
• Le-Kim-Thuy Nguyen,
• Minh-Trong Tran,
• Van-Dung Le,
• Nguyen Minh Ty,
• T. Ngoc Han Pham,
• Hieu Vu-Quang,
• Tran Thi Kim Chi,
• Tran Thi Huong Giang,
• Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu and
• Thanh-Danh Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1227–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.99

• of dyes, such as 4-nitrophenol (4-NiP) to harmless 4-aminophenol, a precursor for the synthesis of drugs like paracetamol and phenacetin, shows promise for producing dyes, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals [27]. Plasmonic MNPs enhance catalytic performance by absorbing both dye molecules and BH4− ions

Photocatalytic methane oxidation over a TiO₂/SiNWs p–n junction catalyst at room temperature

• Qui Thanh Hoai Ta,
• Luan Minh Nguyen,
• Ngoc Hoi Nguyen,
• Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen and
• Dai Hai Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1132–1141, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.92

• industrial chemicals and energy. However, CH4 is a major precursor for tropospheric ozone, causing severe air pollution. Because of its rising atmospheric concentration, CH4 poses a global warming potential approximately thirty fold larger than that of carbon dioxide (CO2) [1][2][3]. Therefore, it is a

Direct electron beam writing of silver using a β-diketonate precursor: first insights

• Katja Höflich,
• Krzysztof Maćkosz,
• Chinmai S. Jureddy,
• Aleksei Tsarapkin and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1117–1124, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.90

• , Feuerwerkerstrasse 39, CH 3602 Thun, Switzerland 10.3762/bjnano.15.90 Abstract Direct electron beam writing is a powerful tool for fabricating complex nanostructures in a single step. The electron beam locally cleaves the molecules of an adsorbed gaseous precursor to form a deposit, similar to 3D printing but

• without the need for a resist or development step. Here, we employ for the first time a silver β-diketonate precursor for focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID). The used compound (hfac)AgPMe3 operates at an evaporation temperature of 70–80 °C and is compatible with commercially available gas

• . Keywords: focused electron beam-induced deposition; precursor; silver nanostructures; Introduction Direct writing with an electron beam allows for single-step and maskfree 3D printing of sophisticated nanostructures at the nanoscale [1][2][3][4]. The process relies on the electron beam-induced

Unveiling the potential of alginate-based nanomaterials in sensing technology and smart delivery applications

• Shakhzodjon Uzokboev,
• Khojimukhammad Akhmadbekov,
• Ra’no Nuritdinova,
• Salah M. Tawfik and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1077–1104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.88

• nanoparticles, a nontoxic metal ion is chosen as the precursor. This precursor can be combined with alginate, a natural polymer derived from seaweed, in a purified natural solvent such as water. Then, a reducing agent is selected to reduce the metal ions and form nanoparticles. One environmentally friendly

• , these nuclei grow and accumulate within the alginate matrix, resulting in the formation of alginate-based nanoparticles. The morphology and size of the nanoparticles can be controlled by adjusting various specifications of materials such as the concentration of alginate, metal ion precursor, pH, and

Interface properties of nanostructured carbon-coated biological implants: an overview

• Mattia Bartoli,
• Francesca Cardano,
• Erik Piatti,
• Stefania Lettieri,
• Andrea Fin and
• Alberto Tagliaferro

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1041–1053, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.85

• reactions are those involving the decomposition of precursor in the gas phase forming products that condense on a target. In contrast, heterogeneous reactions are those involving the decomposition of the precursors on the solid surface of a catalyst that also acts as a support. As reported by Porro et al

• . [80], the variation of few parameters (i.e., precursor flux and process temperature) can be sufficient to obtain nanographite or CNTs via CVD. Furthermore, Musso et al. [81] proved that, under appropriate conditions, CNTs and carbon microfibers can be grown from different carbon precursors (i.e

Facile synthesis of Fe-based metal–organic frameworks from Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles and their application for CO₂/N₂ separation

• Van Nhieu Le,
• Hoai Duc Tran,
• Minh Tien Nguyen,
• Hai Bang Truong,
• Toan Minh Pham and
• Jinsoo Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 897–908, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.74

• economical raw materials for the large-scale production of MIL-100(Fe). Utilizing iron oxide as an iron precursor for manufacturing MIL-100(Fe) contributes to the expansion of raw material options. According to what we know, until now, there has been no report on a pathway for generating MIL-100(Fe) from

• -100Fe@Fe2O3 and MIL-100(Fe) materials The Fe-based metal-organic framework (MIL-100) was fabricated through a hydrothermal reaction system using iron(III) oxide as the precursor and H3BTC as linker for Fe ion clusters. The procedure was adapted from the method described by Aslam and coworkers [26

• selectivity equations are detailed in Supporting Information File 1. Results and Discussion Material characterizations A range of M-100Fe@Fe2O3 samples was prepared from iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles as precursor with H3BTC as organic linker through a hydrothermal reaction as shown in Figure 1. The H3BTC

Water-assisted purification during electron beam-induced deposition of platinum and gold

• Cristiano Glessi,
• Fabian A. Polman and
• Cornelis W. Hagen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 884–896, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.73

• beam-induced deposition (FEBID). It was recently achieved for gold deposits by the co-injection of a water precursor and the gold precursor Au(tfac)Me2. In this work results are reported, using the same approach, on a different gold precursor, Au(acac)Me2, as well as the frequently used platinum

• precursor MeCpPtMe3. As a water precursor MgSO4·7H2O was used. The purification during deposition led to a decrease of the carbon-to-gold ratio (in atom %) from 2.8 to 0.5 and a decrease of the carbon-to-platinum ratio (in atom %) from 6–7 to 0.2. The purification was done in a regular scanning electron

• ) is a nanofabrication technique that allows for the direct writing of three-dimensional nanostructures [1][2][3]. In FEBID, a gaseous precursor, often an organometallic compound, is injected in the vacuum chamber of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), adsorbed on a substrate, and dissociated by a