Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• of PI dye (1 mg/mL) and stored at 4 °C until analysis using flow cytometry. Three independent experiments were performed for each group. Values represent mean ± SE of three independent experiments. A value of p < 0.05 (*) was considered statistically significant. Comet assay/single-cell gel

• electrophoresis for DNA damage analysis upon exposure of A549 cells to GO–Chl nanoconjugates Single-cell gel electrophoresis was used to investigate DNA denaturation and single-strand DNA breaks upon exposure of A549 lung cancer cells to GO–Chl nanoconjugates. For quantitative estimation of DNA damage, we

• assessment in GO–Chl-exposed A549 lung cancer cells using single-cell gel electrophoresis To investigate the genotoxicity and DNA damage induced in GO–Chl-exposed A549 lung cancer cells, we performed single-cell gel electrophoresis, or comet assay, which is a versatile and sensitive technique to measure

Recent advances in photothermal nanomaterials for ophthalmic applications

• Jiayuan Zhuang,
• Linhui Jia,
• Chenghao Li,
• Rui Yang,
• Jiapeng Wang,
• Wen-an Wang,
• Heng Zhou and
• Xiangxia Luo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 195–215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.16

• , and can be easily removed post-laser treatment. The spatially selective single-cell killing capability of iron oxide PLA bubble films has great potential for ocular tumor therapy. However, clinical treatment of tumors requires the application of films on surfaces with “odd” tissues. Using a

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• of 20% Pt Vulcan XC-72R catalyst, while the anode was made of 20% Pt HiSpec 3000 catalyst. MEA tests were carried out on a single-cell fuel cell assembly with a single serpentine flow field on both electrodes. The assembled cells were fed with ambient air supplied by an oil-free compressor and H2 5.0

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• (HiMedia, India) and pipetted several times to generate a single-cell suspension. After repeated centrifugation, the cells were resuspended in mesenchymal stem cell expansion medium and transferred into a 25 cm2 cell culture flask and incubated at 37 °C in 5%CO2 humid environment. In the first passage

Numerical modeling of a multi-frequency receiving system based on an array of dipole antennas for LSPE-SWIPE

• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Dmitrii A. Pimanov,
• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov and
• Leonid S. Kuzmin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 865–872, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.77

• . The mode composition of the electromagnetic field in the constriction of a bidirectional horn as a function of frequency. Receiving system of the LSPE-SWIPE145 GHz main channel. a) A quarter of receiving cells matrix on the 14 mm chip. b) A single cell of the receiving system based on a dipole antenna

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• substrate stiffness and the mechanical properties of cells in prostate tumour metastasis, providing a basis for understanding the changes in the biomechanical properties at a single-cell level. Keywords: actin cytoskeleton; atomic force microscopy; migration; prostate cancer cells; substrate stiffness

Micro- and nanotechnology in biomedical engineering for cartilage tissue regeneration in osteoarthritis

• Zahra Nabizadeh,
• Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh,
• Hamed Daemi,
• Mohamadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad,
• Ali Akbar Shabani,
• Mehdi Dadashpour,
• Majid Mirmohammadkhani and
• Davood Nasrabadi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 363–389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.31

• -friction, wear resistant surface for joint motion [6][7]. It is an avascular, aneural, alymphatic, and hypocellular tissue consisting of a single cell type (chondrocyte) dispersed in a dense matrix [6]. Chondrocytes, which constitute only about 5% of the wet weight of the articular cartilage, are

Alteration of nanomechanical properties of pancreatic cancer cells through anticancer drug treatment revealed by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoteng Liang,
• Shuai Liu,
• Xiuchao Wang,
• Dan Xia and
• Qiang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1372–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.101

• measurement errors, it is not accurate to utilize the Young's modulus of one single cell to represent the nanomechanical properties of one cell type. Therefore, the Young’s modulus of different cells (≥30) of the same cell type were measured to obtain more accurate cell mechanical properties. Supporting

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• temperature measurements were carried out by using a single cell Peltier accessory (Varian Inc.), which allows for temperature change of a liquid in the standard 10 mm pathway cuvette with an accuracy of ±0.1 °C. Simulation parameters Experimental works were supported by Monte Carlo simulations performed by

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• ). Single-cell clones were selected and amplified by dilution cloning in 6-well plates. Immunofluorescence staining Cells were grown on glass coverslips in 48-well plates overnight before incubation with Alexa Fluor 594–Transferrin conjugate (25 µg/mL) or cholera Toxin B subunit–FITC conjugate (5 mg/mL) at

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• capability of apical membrane features and fluctuation dynamics in aiding the assessment of adhesion and migration properties on a single-cell basis. Keywords: cell adhesion; membrane fluctuations; osteoblast; plasma membrane nanomorphology; scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM); Introduction

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• ]. For most applications, the single-cell type of the organism known as microalgae is used to synthesize AgNPs [191]. This enables formation of homogeneous microalgal suspensions which can be used directly for the synthesis process. In the synthesis process, the microalgal biomass in the aqueous phase

Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements

• Maria Suciu,
• Corina M. Ionescu,
• Alexandra Ciorita,
• Septimiu C. Tripon,
• Dragos Nica,
• Hani Al-Salami and
• Lucian Barbu-Tudoran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1092–1109, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.94

Examination of the relationship between viscoelastic properties and the invasion of ovarian cancer cells by atomic force microscopy

• Mengdan Chen,
• Jinshu Zeng,
• Weiwei Ruan,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Shusen Xie,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 568–582, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.45

• light on the biomechanical changes for early diagnosis of tumor transformation and progression at single-cell level. Keywords: atomic force microscopy (AFM); cancer invasion; cancer migration; ovarian cancer cells; viscoelasticity; Introduction Ovarian cancer is a lethal gynecological malignancy with

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• inherently low natural magnetic background. However, with current magnetic imaging methods, single-cell sensitivity, concurrent with a millimeter field-of-view at the same time cannot be achieved. They either suffer from resolution issues with respect to optical microscopy, have no imaging capability of sub

• . Single-cell magnetic imaging of immunomagnetically labeled cells was achieved in [53] using a quantum diamond microscope reaching a field-of-view of ≈1 mm2, which is a field-of-view two orders of magnitude larger than earlier results of NV imaging on similar samples [30]. Neuronal action potential (AP

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• a quantitative measurement of DNA damage response at the single cell level. The total percentage of damaged cells is a sum of ATM positive, H2A.X positive and double-positive cells. Although the number of cells positive for DNA damage was low (Figure 6), a clear dose-dependent activation for each

• -PECy5 conjugated antibodies. This kit simultaneously provides statistical data for each of the two critical DNA damage markers at the single-cell level. The percentages of negative (undamaged) cells, ATM activated cells, H2A.X activated cells and DNA double strand breaks (dual activation of both ATM and

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• superior to the pristine sample. The cell with the N2-plasma-treated sample showed a higher energy efficiency and delivered higher capacities at all investigated current densities. The single-cell measurement results are shown in Figure 6. With the pristine sample at higher current densities (≥64 mA cm−2

• ), the cell ran into HER. Since the negative electrode reaction is the performance-limiting reaction, the superior performance observed for the single-cell measurement could be attributed to the enhancement in the V2+/V3+ redox reaction. However, it could also be seen that the performance of the pristine

• the charging current reached less than 10 mA cm−2. All the cyclic voltammetry measurements were carried out at a scan rate of 5 mV s−1. Single-cell measurements were performed using a modified direct methanol fuel cell from ElectroChem, having a pin-type flow field with an active area of 25 cm2

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• employed as a single-cell cathode [17]. The ORR activity of carbon-based catalysts can be substantially improved by their simultaneous doping with N and other elements. In 2007, we reported that carbon prepared by carbonization of a N- and B-doped furan resin exhibited an increased ORR activity in sulfuric

• File 1) but was correlated with the relative contents of P2 (Figure 9a) and P3 (Figure 9b) species, with an even better correlation obtained between ORR activity and the sum of P2 and P3 contents (Figure 9c). Finally, the result of a single-cell test using PH-700, the catalyst with the maximum ORR

• materials. Correlation of the ORR activity (represented by i0.5) with (a) P2/C, (b) P3/C, and (c) (P2+P3)/C molar ratios. The result of a single-cell test using PH-700 as the cathode catalyst. Current density (black solid line), IR free current density (black dotted line), red solid line (power density

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• with a commercial Pt3Co/Vulcan XC-72 (Pt3Co/CB) catalyst. This commercial reference has shown excellent activity in RRDE and during single cell tests [5]. Figure 4a,b shows the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves obtained in N2-purged 0.5 M H2SO4 for Pt3Co/N-CNT, Pt3Co/N-CNTHT, Pt3Co/S-CNT, Pt3Ni/N-CNT

• of the catalyst particles is limited and, in the case of Co, it takes just a few minutes. One can assume that the conditions are mild enough to avoid damaging the catalyst support. Nevertheless, after this treatment, the catalyst composition seems to be closer to Pt4Co than Pt3Co. Single cell testing

• (EIS) were collected on single cell containing an MEA based on Pt3Co/N-CNT and Pt3Co/CB at 0.1 A/cm2, under air and in the same conditions as the polarization experiments. The high frequency resistance was 4.6 and 3.2 mΩ, respectively (see Supporting Information File 1, Figure S15). The higher value

Sub-wavelength waveguide properties of 1D and surface-functionalized SnO₂ nanostructures of various morphologies

• Venkataramana Bonu,
• Binaya Kumar Sahu,
• Arindam Das,
• Sankarakumar Amirthapandian,
• Sandip Dhara and
• Harish C. Barshilia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 379–388, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.37

• InP tapered NW were demonstrated as a single photon emitter [11]. Yang et al. [3] demonstrated living mammalian single cell endoscopy with high spatial resolution using SnO2 waveguides that allowed detection of optical signals from subcellular regions. They attached SnO2 NWs of size 100 to 250 nm to

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• and neutral glycans, being produced, stored and delivered by a single cell type that encloses four types of secretory granules. When visualized with AFM, H. magnipapillata adhesive was found to be a homogenous meshwork with nanopores of about 0.5–1 μm, but no globular nanostructures were detected. The

Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature

• Joseph C. Cremaldi and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 907–935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.85

• and growth as cells are stationary once formed. For example, Figure 7A shows the xylem and surrounding tissue of Xea mays [28]. In this picture, each of the compartments (xylem included) has formed from a single cell to fulfil a need within the plant. The meristematic plant cell is the equivalent of

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Department of Surgery, Drexel University, 245 N. 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA 10.3762/bjnano.9.79 Abstract Measuring cellular respiration with single-cell spatial resolution is a significant challenge, even with modern tools and techniques. Here, a

• as individual cells at subcellular resolution. Keywords: double-barrel pipette; hydrodynamic confinement; perfusion; oxygen flux; single-cell metabolic analysis; Introduction Transport, production and consumption of gasses, ions, and organic molecules are fluxes that sustain life. Relatively few

• fluxes limits studies of metabolic variability of cells within cell populations. Measurements of single-cell metabolic rates are important, as it has been shown that even genetically identical cells can behave differently [4]. The use of molecular or nanoparticle fluorescent reporters is a well-developed

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• 37 °C to obtain a single cell suspension, and finally centrifuged and suspended in 100 μL of PBS. The samples were stained with FITC mouse anti-human CD90 (clone 5E10, BD Bioscience, Carlsbad, CA, USA) or FITC mouse anti-human EpCAM (clone EBA-1, BD Bioscience, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for 30 min at room

• nM QDs in complete medium for 6 h on TCPS plates. The cells were then trypsinised and seeded in polyHEMA-coated plates in complete medium. MSC spheroids were harvested at 24, 48 and 72 h and trypsinised for 5 min at 37 °C to obtain a single cell suspension. The QD signal was analysed by flow

• dissociation of the spheroids into a single cell suspension. The cells were washed, stained with CD90 FITC or EpCAM FITC and analysed by flow cytometry. For fluorescence imaging of QD transfer, the cancer cell and MSC mono- or co-culture spheroids were harvested after 24 h of propagation on the polyHEMA