Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• (002) peak at 34.41° with increase in ion fluence is given in Figure 3 and Table 1. For more detailed information regarding the structural evolution of implanted ZnO films, the crystallite size (D), microstrain (ε), and dislocation density (δ) values are calculated from the (002) peaks using the

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• superconducting films. Keywords: epitaxial growth; SQUID; structural evolution; superconductivity; TaN thin films; Introduction Superconductivity is a quantum mechanical phenomenon characterized by the complete absence of electrical resistance in certain materials when cooled below a critical superconducting

• temperature on the structural evolution of TaN thin films deposited on MgO(100) substrates was investigated using XRD and TEM. Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns of TaN films deposited at various temperatures, revealing critical insights into phase development, crystallinity, and epitaxial growth as the

• intermediate stage of structural evolution, where the cubic δ-TaN phase begins to dominate the overall microstructure. At 750 °C, the XRD patterns show a further increase in the dominance of the cubic δ-TaN phase, indicating a structural transition towards a more stable phase at higher temperatures. The β-TaN

The microstrain-accompanied structural phase transition from h-MoO₃ to α-MoO₃ investigated by in situ X-ray diffraction

• Zeqian Zhang,
• Honglong Shi,
• Boxiang Zhuang,
• Minting Luo and
• Zhenfei Hu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.55

• is also reflected by the relaxation of the Mo–O3 bond from a short bond (1.813 Å at 360 °C) to a normal value (1.967 Å at 400 °C). Based on the above analysis, we obtain the structural evolution of the h-MoO3→α-MoO3 phase transition, as illustrated in Figure 6. Heating the h-MoO3 phase causes not

• temperature-induced structural evolution of h-MoO3, finely ground powders were measured using an X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku SmartLab) equipped with a high-temperature holder HTTK600, using Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.5406 Å). The 2θ range was 5–70°, and the temperature range was 30–450 °C. The scanning rate was

• structures from calcinated samples as the initial models were refined using GSAS-II software [29]. In order to determine the temperature-induced structural evolution of h-MoO3, all in situ XRD patterns were refined in GSAS-II. Microstructural characterization Morphology and chemical composition of the

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• were determined using a four-point probe system. Results and Discussion The crystalline structure of the ITO/Mo bilayer thin film after laser annealing was investigated using XRD. Figure 1 shows the structural evolution for the as-deposited and the samples annealed with different laser energies. Most

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• observed dark spots (in black) as a function of the molecular area (0.288 nm2) in the β-phase. Simulated size distributions of cross-linked molecules with an area fraction of 3% and 30%, respectively, based on step-growth kinetics. Structural evolution of TPT SAMs upon 50 eV electron exposure. (a) Low

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• zigzag GPCuNL composites with different grain sizes. Shear modulus of zigzag GPCuNL composites with different grain sizes. The structural evolution of polycrystalline Cu with different grain sizes. The “PD” symbols represent partial dislocations. The out-of-plane displacement of zigzag graphene in GPCuNL

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• properties, determines the preferred interparticle separation distance. Ultimately, this DLVO framework is used to describe the structural evolution of colloidal particle assemblies. Aggregation in one dimension Similar to the analysis by Bejan and Wagstaff [11], we begin by examining the one-dimensional (1D

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• structures. The values are obtained from templated resin (blue) and pitch (black) carbonized at 800 °C. Structural evolution of the different carbon materials in the empty state in comparison to the bulk (non-templated) resin treated at the same temperatures (800 and 3000 °C). Summary of SANS analysis and

Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi₂WO₆ nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation

• Hong-long Shi,
• Bin Zou,
• Zi-an Li,
• Min-ting Luo and
• Wen-zhong Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1434–1442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.141

• experiments reveal the structural evolution of Bi2WO6 nanoflakes under relatively strong electron irradiation. In order to determine the resultant crystallographic structures of the precipitates and the remaining layers, a second in situ TEM experiment was designed and carried out. The sample was a flat

• prominent role of oxygen vacancies in the photocatalytic performance of bismuth tungsten oxides is well recognized, while the underlying formation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we use the transmission electron microscopy to investigate the formation of oxygen vacancies and the structural

• evolution of Bi2WO6 under in situ electron irradiation. Our experimental results reveal that under 200 keV electron irradiation, the breaking of relatively weak Bi–O bonds leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies in Bi2WO6. With prolonged electron irradiation, the reduced Bi cations tend to form Bi

Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain

• Sumit Tewari,
• Jacob Bakermans,
• Christian Wagner,
• Federica Galli and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 337–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.33

• structural evolution of the junction during the manipulation operation and alter the trajectory at will. Figure 1 shows the scheme of communication between operator and STM using the MD simulator. The 3D motion tracking sensor sends the same x,y,z- signals to both the STM and the simulator simultaneously and

Raman study of flash-lamp annealed aqueous Cu₂ZnSnS₄ nanocrystals

• Yevhenii Havryliuk,
• Oleksandr Selyshchev,
• Mykhailo Valakh,
• Alexandra Raevskaya,
• Oleksandr Stroyuk,
• Constance Schmidt,
• Volodymyr Dzhagan and
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 222–227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.20

• ]. Here, we focus on the effect of flash-lamp annealing on the structural evolution of CZTS films, as probed by Raman spectroscopy. The FLA setup, based on a xenon lamp emitting in the range of 300 to 800 nm, was customized by Dresden Thin Film (DTF) Technology GmbH [33] in a glove box system with

Sulfur-, nitrogen- and platinum-doped titania thin films with high catalytic efficiency under visible-light illumination

• Boštjan Žener,
• Lev Matoh,
• Giorgio Carraro,
• Bojan Miljević and
• Romana Cerc Korošec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1629–1640, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.155

• HCl (thermal treatment at 450 °C) or H2SO4 (thermal treatment at 600 °C), S1–S5 and the structural evolution of sample S4 as a function of thermal treatment temperature are shown in Figure 2. All of the samples have one major peak at 2θ ≈ 25.3°, which corresponds to the reflections of anatase phase

Electronic conduction during the formation stages of a single-molecule junction

• Atindra Nath Pal,
• Tal Klein,
• Ayelet Vilan and
• Oren Tal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1471–1477, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.138

• scenarios of structural evolution from premature junction configurations towards the formation of a typical metal–molecule–metal junction, bringing to light the early steps of single-molecule junction formation. Experimental We use the mechanically controllable break junction (MCBJ) technique [3] to

• junction structures is analyzed, revealing a rich set of scenarios for structural evolution towards the final realization of a single-molecule bridge, not necessarily via the parallel junction configuration. Hopefully, further study of premature junction structures and their evolution towards single

• -molecule junctions will pave the way for directed formation of desired molecular junction structures by controlling their structural evolution. (a) Schematic of a mechanically controllable break junction device. Inset: Schematic of a vanadocene molecule and a broken junction. (b) Schematic illustration of

Comparing postdeposition reactions of electrons and radicals with Pt nanostructures created by focused electron beam induced deposition

• Julie A. Spencer,
• Michael Barclay,
• Miranda J. Gallagher,
• Robert Winkler,
• Ilyas Unlu,
• Yung-Chien Wu,
• Harald Plank,
• Lisa McElwee-White and
• D. Howard Fairbrother

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2410–2424, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.240

• electron exposure. In contrast, for other PtCl2 deposits reported in this study, EDS data was acquired after approximately 45 s of electron exposure. In these cases the initial location of the EDS analysis could not be discerned after AH exposure. Figure 3e shows the structural evolution of the deposit

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• the ternary Mg–Cu–Y glasses. Gao et al. [11] performed ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of the structural evolution of a Mg65Cu25Y10 alloy from liquid to glass state. Moreover, Laws et al. [12] provided an analysis of the dynamic crystallization in Mg65Cu25Y10 bulk metallic glass using

Plasticity-mediated collapse and recrystallization in hollow copper nanowires: a molecular dynamics simulation

• Amlan Dutta,
• Arup Kumar Raychaudhuri and
• Tanusri Saha-Dasgupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 228–235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.21

• copper nanowires using molecular dynamics simulation. We find that the plasticity-mediated structural evolution leads to transformation of the initial hollow structure to a solid wire. The process involves three distinct stages, namely, collapse, recrystallization and slow recovery. We calculate the time

Structural transitions in electron beam deposited Co–carbonyl suspended nanowires at high electrical current densities

• Gian Carlo Gazzadi and
• Stefano Frabboni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1298–1305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.134

• is the case, then the gap probably formed after measurement by some vibration during nanoprobes lift-up. At the basis of the structural evolution observed in the three SNWs there is an interplay of several factors. Primarily the physical effects related to high current density (Joule heating and

Characterization and photocatalytic study of tantalum oxide nanoparticles prepared by the hydrolysis of tantalum oxo-ethoxide Ta₈(μ₃-O)₂(μ-O)₈(μ-OEt)₆(OEt)₁₄

• Subia Ambreen,
• N D Pandey,
• Peter Mayer and
• Ashutosh Pandey

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.121

• is available concerning the progressive structural evolution in the transition metal oxide system in general. But sometimes new species, metal oxo-alkoxides [5][6][7][8][9], are obtained which have been known to be the direct molecular precursors for oxide phases in sol–gel technology. These oxo

Structural development and energy dissipation in simulated silicon apices

• Samuel Paul Jarvis,
• Lev Kantorovich and
• Philip Moriarty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 941–948, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.106

• structural evolution of the tip apex within a low temperature NC-AFM experiment, we simulated a repeated tip–surface indentation until the tip structure converged to a stable termination and the characteristic hysteretic behaviour was no longer observed. Our calculations suggest that varying just a single

Large-scale atomistic and quantum-mechanical simulations of a Nafion membrane: Morphology, proton solvation and charge transport

• Pavel V. Komarov,
• Pavel G. Khalatur and
• Alexei R. Khokhlov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 567–587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.65

• which local density fields are employed as collective variables for simulating the structural evolution of phase-separation morphologies [11][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Several different quantum mechanics approaches have been used in attempts to understand electronic structure and proton conduction in