Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and carbonic anhydrase inhibition activities of multifunctional pyrazolo-1,2-benzothiazine acetamides

• Ayesha Saeed,
• Shahana Ehsan,
• Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman,
• Erin M. Marshall,
• Sandra Loesgen,
• Abdus Saleem,
• Simone Giovannuzzi and
• Claudiu T. Supuran

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.25

• and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were tested against five human microbial strains including three different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923, ATCC BAA-41, and ATCC BAA-44), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90027) to evaluate their antibiotic potential. The

• (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), and Candida albicans (ATCC 90027). Pathogens were treated with 125 μg/mL of tested compounds in duplicate. Two compounds, 7b and 7h, showed significant antibacterial activity against the susceptible strain of S. aureus. Moreover, some compounds showed moderate

• evaluation of the targeted compounds was carried out against five different pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus (susceptible, ATCC 25923; methicillin-resistant, ATCC BAA-41; multidrug-resistant, ATCC BAA-44), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, and Candida albicans ATCC 90027. Reference antibiotics and final

Antibiofilm and cytotoxic metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Samsoniella aurantia

• Rita Toshe,
• Syeda J. Khalid,
• Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou,
• Esteban Charria-Girón,
• Paul Eckhardt,
• Birthe Sandargo,
• Kunlapat Nuchthien,
• J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
• Till Opatz,
• Hedda Schrey,
• Sherif S. Ebada and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 327–339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.23

• including Acinetobacter baumannii (DSM 30008), Escherichia coli (DSM 1116), Chromobacterium violaceum (DSM 30191), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA14) were included in the assessment. Gentamicin and nystatin served as positive controls against most bacteria and all fungi, respectively. For specific

Chemical structure metagenomics of microbial natural products: surveying nonribosomal peptides and beyond

• Thomas Ma and
• John Chu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3050–3060, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.253

• metagenomics uses genetically tractable model organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Streptomyces albus, to express DNA extracted from the environment and then screen for the phenotype of interest [23][24]. This approach was used to identify BGCs that produce antibiotics, pigments, compounds that alter the

Recent advances in transition-metal-free arylation reactions involving hypervalent iodine salts

• Ritu Mamgain,
• Kokila Sakthivel and
• Fateh V. Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2891–2920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.243

• chemistry on the histone H2A protein. The protein was demonstrated as the T120C mutant via site-directed mutagenesis in Escherichia coli and decontaminated by HPLC. A notable reconciliation was changing the aqueous buffer from HEPES to phosphate owing to side-product generation during the arylation in HEPES

Cell-free protein synthesis with technical additives – expanding the parameter space of in vitro gene expression

• Tabea Bartsch,
• Stephan Lütz and
• Katrin Rosenthal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2242–2253, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.192

• -physiological conditions have been tested to date that would expand the parameter space in which CFPS can be performed. In this study, the properties of an Escherichia coli extract-based CFPS system are evaluated, and the parameter space is extended to high viscosities, concentrations of inorganic ion and

• tested additives. Keywords: cell-free protein synthesis; cGAS; Escherichia coli cell-free extract; sfGFP; TX-TL; Introduction In addition to other applications such as biomanufacturing or biosensing, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) of enzymes has established itself as a tool for rapid screening of

• some of the gaps in the consideration of the general physical properties and potential effects on the performance of Escherichia coli-based CFPS. We use technical additives, such as water-soluble macromolecular polymers and salts, which are commonly used as deep eutectic solvents (DES) and extend the

Natural resorcylic lactones derived from alternariol

• Joachim Podlech

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2171–2207, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.187

• aureus (at 25 ppm) and Escherichia coli (at 50 ppm) was mentioned [33], which was later corrected to an activity against the Gram-positive S. aureus and Corynebacterium betae, but not against Gram-negative E. coli [73]. It was further noted that AOH showed neither fungicidal (possibly due to its low

• cells with ID50 values of 8 μg/mL [74], was a strong mutagen in Escherichia coli strain ND-160 [111], was maternally toxic and fetotoxic to Syrian golden hamsters [112], induced mitochondrial apoptosis in human colon carcinoma cells [113], induced cytochrome P450 1A1 formation and apoptosis in murine

• -methylalternariol derivative 15 was isolated from A. alternata and showed inhibitory activity against HCV NS3/4A protease (IC50: 52.0 μg/mL), cytotoxic activity against HEP-G2 cancer cells, and turned out to be antibacterial against Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, and Escherichia coli with inhibition zones of 17

The Groebke–Blackburn–Bienaymé reaction in its maturity: innovation and improvements since its 21st birthday (2019–2023)

• Cristina Martini,
• Muhammad Idham Darussalam Mardjan and
• Andrea Basso

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1839–1879, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.162

Discovery of antimicrobial peptides clostrisin and cellulosin from Clostridium: insights into their structures, co-localized biosynthetic gene clusters, and antibiotic activity

• Moisés Alejandro Alejo Hernandez,
• Katia Pamela Villavicencio Sánchez,
• Rosendo Sánchez Morales,
• Karla Georgina Hernández-Magro Gil,
• David Silverio Moreno-Gutiérrez,
• Eddie Guillermo Sanchez-Rueda,
• Yanet Teresa-Cruz,
• Brian Choi,
• Armando Hernández Garcia,
• Alba Romero-Rodríguez,
• Oscar Juárez,
• Siseth Martínez-Caballero,
• Mario Figueroa and
• Corina-Diana Ceapă

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1800–1816, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.159

• , including one super-cluster containing two co-localized operons from Clostridium cellulovorans 743B, that encode for two new peptides named clostrisin and cellulosin. Each operon was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Molecular weights associated with the expected post-translational modifications

Methyltransferases from RiPP pathways: shaping the landscape of natural product chemistry

• Maria-Paula Schröder,
• Isabel P.-M. Pfeiffer and
• Silja Mordhorst

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1652–1670, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.147

• recombinant elements” (PURE) was developed by Shimizu et al. [45]. PURE contains all the necessary components of the Escherichia coli ribosomal machinery, such as the ribosome, initiation, elongation, and release factors, and pre-charged tRNAs. In the first step, mRNA or a plasmid containing the desired

Polymer degrading marine Microbulbifer bacteria: an un(der)utilized source of chemical and biocatalytic novelty

• Weimao Zhong and
• Vinayak Agarwal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1635–1651, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.146

• bridges, relatively short length of the surface loops, and the increased number of Pro and Arg residues [29]. A truncated β-agarase gene without the carbohydrate-binding modules (Aga16A-ΔCBM) from the marine Microbulbifer sp. BH-1 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli with pH and temperature being

Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA

• Yu Fan,
• Ahmed El Rhaz,
• Stéphane Maisonneuve,
• Emilie Gillon,
• Maha Fatthalla,
• Franck Le Bideau,
• Guillaume Laurent,
• Samir Messaoudi,
• Anne Imberty and
• Juan Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1486–1496, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.132

• the bacteria. Bacterial lectins are therefore attractive targets for the development of new antibiotic-sparing anti-infective drugs. For example, some Escherichia coli fimbrial lectin FimH inhibitors are currently in clinical development to treat and prevent urinary tract infections [9][10]. A large

Enhancing structural diversity of terpenoids by multisubstrate terpene synthases

• Min Li and
• Hui Tao

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 959–972, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.86

• irregular C6 (91–95), C7 (96–100), and C8 diphosphates (101), which could serve as building blocks for the generation of new terpenoids [51] (Figure 7). Furthermore, a series of noncanonical C11, C12, C16, and C17 prenyl substrates were synthesized in Escherichia coli harboring heterologously expressed IPP

Substrate specificity of a ketosynthase domain involved in bacillaene biosynthesis

• Zhiyong Yin and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 734–740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.67

• gene coding for the glutamate decarboxylase from Escherichia coli K12 (accession no. AAA23833) was cloned through homologous recombination in yeast into the expression vector pYE-Express [26]. Heterologous expression and purification of the recombinant enzyme (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1

Genome mining of labdane-related diterpenoids: Discovery of the two-enzyme pathway leading to (−)-sandaracopimaradiene in the fungus Arthrinium sacchari

• Fumito Sato,
• Terutaka Sonohara,
• Shunta Fujiki,
• Akihiro Sugawara,
• Yohei Morishita,
• Taro Ozaki and
• Teigo Asai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 714–720, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.65

• determined to be (−)-sandaracopimaradiene (Figure 3B). We then turned our attention to the individual function of these enzymes. With this aim, AsPS and AsCPS were expressed in Escherichia coli as N-terminal hexa-histidine-tagged proteins and purified by Ni-affinity chromatography (see Supporting Information

New variochelins from soil-isolated Variovorax sp. H002

• Jabal Rahmat Haedar,
• Aya Yoshimura and
• Toshiyuki Wakimoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.63

• variochelins [20]. Biological activity The antimicrobial activities of 1–5 were evaluated against several Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (Table 1). As a result, 1–5 inhibited the growth of the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Burkholderia multivorans, but lacked activity against Bacillus

• triplicate, according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute testing standard, in 96-well plate microbroth dilution assays. Compounds were tested against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli JW5503, Bukholderia multivorans NBRC 102086 and Bukholderia plantarii NBRC 104884) and Gram-positive

Chemical and biosynthetic potential of Penicillium shentong XL-F41

• Ran Zou,
• Xin Li,
• Xiaochen Chen,
• Yue-Wei Guo and
• Baofu Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 597–606, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.52

• all isolated compounds against a panel of microorganisms (Table 4), including Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Candida albicans (ATCC 76485), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 27154), Pseudomonas fulva (CGMCC 1.15147), and Enterobacter hormaechei (CGMCC 1.10608). The results indicated that compounds 3, 5, 6

• reverse prenylated tryptophan. However, attempts to express the protein in various Escherichia coli hosts were unsuccessful, suggesting that eukaryotic hosts might be more suitable for future studies. We plan to conduct further experiments to substantiate the hypothesis regarding the biosynthetic pathways

A new analog of dihydroxybenzoic acid from Saccharopolyspora sp. KR21-0001

• Rattiya Janthanom,
• Yuta Kikuchi,
• Hiroki Kanto,
• Tomoyasu Hirose,
• Arisu Tahara,
• Takahiro Ishii,
• Arinthip Thamchaipenet and
• Yuki Inahashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 497–503, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.44

• -positive bacteria, Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633; two strains of Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli Europe NIHJ and Xanthomona campestis pv. oryzae KB 88; and two strains of fungi, Candida albicans ATCC 64548 and Mucor racemosus IFO 4581. All strains were tested by

Pseudallenes A and B, new sulfur-containing ovalicin sesquiterpenoid derivatives with antimicrobial activity from the deep-sea cold seep sediment-derived fungus Pseudallescheria boydii CS-793

• Zhen Ying,
• Xiao-Ming Li,
• Sui-Qun Yang,
• Hong-Lei Li,
• Xin Li,
• Bin-Gui Wang and
• Ling-Hong Meng

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 470–478, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.42

• –3 were tested against seven human- and marine-derived aquatic pathogenetic bacteria (Edwardsiella tarda, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio anguillarum, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio vulnificus), and six plant pathogenic fungi (Alternaria brassicae, Colletotrichum

• pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli QDIO-1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa QDIO-4) and aquatic pathogens (Edwardsiella tarda QDIO-2, Micrococcus luteus QDIO-3, V. anguillarum QDIO-6, Vibrio harveyi QDIO-7, and V. vulnificus QDIO-10), as well as plant pathogenic fungi (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides QDAU-2

Development of a chemical scaffold for inhibiting nonribosomal peptide synthetases in live bacterial cells

• Fumihiro Ishikawa,
• Sho Konno,
• Hideaki Kakeya and
• Genzoh Tanabe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 445–451, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.39

• ]. Moreover, the intracellular concentrations of a series of AMS derivatives in Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Mycobacterium smegmatis have been investigated by Tan et al., demonstrating non-obvious correlations between the chemical structure and permeability among various bacteria, owing to the

Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles

• Periklis X. Kolagkis,
• Eirini M. Galathri and
• Christoforos G. Kokotos

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36

• antiviral properties. BIMs function as selective antibacterial agents against several virulent Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains, which can cause many gut and urinary tract infections. They act by damaging DNA molecules and inhibiting their replication in bacteria, while also targeting the proteins that

Elucidating the glycan-binding specificity and structure of Cucumis melo agglutinin, a new R-type lectin

• Jon Lundstrøm,
• Emilie Gillon,
• Valérie Chazalet,
• Nicole Kerekes,
• Antonio Di Maio,
• Ten Feizi,
• Yan Liu,
• Annabelle Varrot and
• Daniel Bojar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 306–320, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.31

• protein) with optimized codons for Escherichia coli was synthesized flanked by NcoI and XhoI restriction sites where L6 was mutated to valine. The gene was inserted in the homemade plasmid pET40b-TEV where the enterokinase cleaving site was replaced by a TEV cleavage site by site directed mutagenesis

Identification of the p-coumaric acid biosynthetic gene cluster in Kutzneria albida: insights into the diazotization-dependent deamination pathway

• Seiji Kawai,
• Akito Yamada,
• Yohei Katsuyama and
• Yasuo Ohnishi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.1

• encoded by the cma cluster, we performed in vitro enzyme analyses using recombinant Cma proteins. First, we obtained recombinant CmaA1, holo-CmaA3, and CmaA6 by expressing the corresponding genes in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) (Figure S4 in Supporting Information File 1). Note that holo-CmaA3 was obtained

Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials

• Jessica Villegas,
• Bryce C. Ball,
• Katelyn M. Shouse,
• Caleb W. VanArragon,
• Ashley N. Wasserman,
• Hannah E. Bhakta,
• Allen G. Oliver,
• Danielle A. Orozco-Nunnelly and
• Jeffrey M. Pruet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1511–1524, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.108

• cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae), and three fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida albicans, Penicillium chrysogenum). The goal of

Functions of enzyme domains in 2-methylisoborneol biosynthesis and enzymatic synthesis of non-natural analogs

• Binbin Gu,
• Lin-Fu Liang and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1452–1459, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.104

• cloned individually, heterologously expressed as N-terminally His-tagged proteins in Escherichia coli and purified (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1). Also full length 2MIBS from S. coelicolor was obtained in the same way. The relative production of 1 from 2-Me-GPP was tested in triplicate

Functional characterisation of twelve terpene synthases from actinobacteria

• Anuj K. Chhalodia,
• Houchao Xu,
• Georges B. Tabekoueng,
• Binbin Gu,
• Kizerbo A. Taizoumbe,
• Lukas Lauterbach and
• Jeroen S. Dickschat

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1386–1398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.100

• ). The genes coding for all fifteen enzymes were amplified by PCR from genomic DNA, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant proteins (Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1) were used in test incubations with geranyl pyrophosphate (GPP), farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP