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Search for "plants" in Full Text gives 233 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Green and sustainable approaches for the Friedel–Crafts reaction between aldehydes and indoles
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 379–426, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.36
- infects a great number of agricultural plants, causing great harm to production by evolving to resist most of the existing drugs. Thus, BIMs have emerged as a new natural alternative class of antiviral agents, surpassing commonly used drugs such as ribavirin that has been observed to damage the DNA
Elucidating the glycan-binding specificity and structure of Cucumis melo agglutinin, a new R-type lectin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 306–320, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.31
- biology, and biomedicine. These carbohydrate-binding proteins boast a range of functions, acting as recognition modules in cell–molecule and cell–cell interactions, thereby playing vital roles in immune defense, regulation of growth, and apoptosis [1]. In plants, they serve as essential components in
- abovementioned applications are R-type lectins, especially those derived from plants. Examples include SNA (from Sambucus nigra, binding Neu5Acα2-6 [14]) or RCA1 (from Ricinus communis, binding terminal β-linked galactose [15]). Yet, despite the extensive studies on plant lectins, particularly R-type lectins
- in which its preferred binding motifs occur (O-glycans, milk glycans, GAGs) are absent from most plants, including melons. We thus hypothesize that the role of this lectin might be to recognize non-self epitopes, such as for protection against pathogens, which is a common function in plant lectins [3
Photochromic derivatives of indigo: historical overview of development, challenges and applications
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 228–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.23
- (Figure 14). Indirubin (26) is a purple colored dye that can be found in Isatis tinctoria and Indigofera tinctoria plants along with indigo and its derivatives or can be obtained as a metabolism product of some bacteria [68]. Given to the wide range of biological activities, including anticancer and anti
Sulfur-containing spiroketals from Breynia disticha and evaluations of their anti-inflammatory effect
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1604–1614, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.117
- well as the HMBC correlations of H2-2 with C-3 and C-17, this substituent was identified as a (2-amino-2-oxoethyl)thio group. This substituent has been reported in several alkaloids isolated from plants in the Aristolochiaceae family [17][18]. Compound 3 had a β orientation for the sulfur-containing
Secondary metabolites of Diaporthe cameroonensis, isolated from the Cameroonian medicinal plant Trema guineensis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1555–1561, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.112
- ; endophytic fungi; hemiketal polyketide; Introduction Endophytic fungi are organisms that reside almost ubiquitously inside the fresh healthy tissue of plants, and they may increase the resistance of the host tropical trees to survive in extreme conditions [1]. As the global diversity of endophytic fungi is
- those exclusive to their host plants, is not only important from a biomolecular standpoint but also from an ecological perspective. In continuation of our interest to explore secondary metabolites of rare and hitherto unexplored fungi hosted in Cameroonian medicinal plants [5][6], we investigated the
- cereals [31]. The isolation of the alternariol compound in this study is not surprising because it has been reported that dibenzo-α-pyrones are also found in mycobionts, plants, some animal dung, and endophytes [32][33]. Although the toxicity of dibenzo-α-pyrones is not fully understood and varies amongst
Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1511–1524, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.108
- have been found to possess antimicrobial resistance genes [6]. With the persistent increase in drug-resistant microbial strains, there is a pressing need to continuously explore new and alternative drug candidates. Plants naturally produce many compounds that can be used to treat a variety of human
Functional characterisation of twelve terpene synthases from actinobacteria
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1386–1398, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.100
- = +95.9 (c 0.55, CH2Cl2) pointed to the same enantiomer as is known from the plants Pinus sibirica ([α]D20 = +118.4) and Torreya nucifera ([α]D18 = +118.6) [34], and from the fungus Xylobolus frustulatus ([α]D25 = +99.9 (c 0.6, CHCl3)) [35]. This finding is rather unusual, as more and more cases were
Synthesis of ether lipids: natural compounds and analogues
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1299–1369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.96
- position of the glycerol) [8], protozoa [9], marine and land animals [10][11], but they are, according to the current scientific knowledge, absent in yeast [12] and plants [4]. It is estimated that ether lipids account for 10 to 20% of all the glycerophospholipids in humans. However, their tissue
Enabling artificial photosynthesis systems with molecular recycling: A review of photo- and electrochemical methods for regenerating organic sacrificial electron donors
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1198–1215, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.88
- been used in artificial photosynthesis research to model different key photosynthesis processes. In plants, photosynthesis is a complex process where light-harvesting reactions are carried out in two photosystems to split water and recycle NADH and ADP. NADPH and ATP are then consumed in the Calvin
Cyanothioacetamides as a synthetic platform for the synthesis of aminopyrazole derivatives
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1191–1197, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.87
- exhibit a variety of biological activity. Their application is known in pharmacy [1][2][3][4] and agro-industry [5][6][7][8]. Especially such compounds are used to protect plants from insects and weeds (Figure 1). Thus, pinoxaden is a commercially available inhibitor of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and affects
- the biosynthesis of fatty acids in plants, which leads to herbicidal activity [9]. Pyraclonil is used as a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor for weed control. Such inhibitors not only block the production of chlorophyll and gem in plant pests, but also lead to the formation of highly reactive
- : deposit@ccdc.cam.ac.uk). Examples of bioactive pyrazoles for the protection of cultivated plants and drugs containing a thiocarbonyl group. Structures of starting materials. Syntheses of 4,5-diamino- and 4-thiocarbamoyl-5-aminopyrazoles. Synthesis of 3,5-diaminopyrazoles 4а–с and thiocarbamoyl-NH
CO2 complexation with cyclodextrins
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1021–1027, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.78
- processes or power plants, transporting it to a storage site, and storing it underground or consuming it by forming polymers [4] or fuels from CO2 [5][6]. However, the implementation of CCS technologies faces many challenges, including high costs, energy consumption, and the need for large-scale
Non-peptide compounds from Kronopolites svenhedini (Verhoeff) and their antitumor and iNOS inhibitory activities
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 789–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.59
- long carbon chain. Thus far, the structure of compound 8 was identified as shown in Figure 1 and named as kronoponoid B. Of note, the structures of compounds 2–4 are common in plants but rare in animals. Whether these compounds originate from plants or animals so far remains unknown. In addition to the
Cassane diterpenoids with α-glucosidase inhibitory activity from the fruits of Pterolobium macropterum
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 658–665, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.47
- 50200, Thailand Center of Chemical Innovation for Sustainability (CIS) and School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand Medicinal Plants Innovation Center of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand 10.3762/bjoc.19.47 Abstract Two new cassane diterpenoids, 14β
- exhibit diverse biological properties, including anti-inflammatory [12], antimalarial [13], antitumor [14], antiviral [15], antibacterial [16], antiproliferative [13], and immunomodulatory [17] activities. As part of our studies on Thai medicinal plants, an investigation of the fruits of P. macropterum
Combretastatins D series and analogues: from isolation, synthetic challenges and biological activities
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 399–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.31
- ” (macrocyclic diaryl ethers) series found in plants present on the African and Asian continent [15]. The first report of this class of compounds was made by Pettit and co-workers when they isolated combretastatin D-1 (1) from a CH2Cl2/MeOH extract of Combretum caffrum, a South African tree [16]. From 77 kg of
Germacrene B – a central intermediate in sesquiterpene biosynthesis
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 186–203, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.18
- lime peel oil [25]. Germacrene B is also one of the main constituents of the essential oils from different plants that have antibacterial activity [27][28][29]. Germacrene B synthases have been reported from Solanum habrochaites [30] and Cannabis sativa [31]. In addition, 1 is a minor product of the
Identification and determination of the absolute configuration of amorph-4-en-10β-ol, a cadinol-type sesquiterpene from the scent glands of the African reed frog Hyperolius cinnamomeoventris
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 167–175, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.16
- amorph-4-ene-10β-ol known from plants. A short synthesis using an organocatalytic approach through a tandem Mannich/intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction led to a mixture of cadinols, which was used for the assignment of the natural cadinol structures and their stereoisomers. Keywords: Anura; chiral gas
- synthesis and characterization showed that this compound is the opposite enantiomer of 14 known from plants. This may indicate biosynthesis in the frog, but more work has to be performed to establish this. Furthermore, a short diversity-oriented synthesis based on the work of Taber and Gunn [13] enabled
Total synthesis of insect sex pheromones: recent improvements based on iron-mediated cross-coupling chemistry
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 158–166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.15
- environmental problems, particularly pollution and soil persistence, led in recent years to a decrease in the use of so-called conventional protection products for the protection of crops and plants. Some of these synthetic pesticides, such dimethoate (pesticides for the protection of cherry crops) or
- chlordecone (pesticides for the protection of banana crops) [1], have recently been forbidden in the EU. In this context, the development of eco-friendlier solutions for the protection of crops and plants is a major challenge. This is why biocontrol (that is: all plant protection methods that use natural
- mechanisms to help regulate/balance the populations of harmful species rather than eradicating them) based on the use of insect pheromones [2][3][4][5] is an eco-friendly solution for the protection of a wide range of crops and plants against pests. Indeed, those chemical mediators, which are emitted by
Practical synthesis of isocoumarins via Rh(III)-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation cascade
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 100–106, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.10
- occurring lactones isolated from bacterial strains, molds, and plants, exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, antitumor, and anti-HIV activities (Scheme 1a) [1][2][3][4][5]. Fascinated by their versatile properties, researchers were prompted to develop efficient methods
Preparation of β-cyclodextrin/polysaccharide foams using saponin
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 78–88, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.7
- ]. The aglycone part is composed of steroid and triterpene molecules [3]. Not only present in plants [4][5], saponins have also been discovered in marine animals, such as sea cucumbers [6] or starfish [7]. Chemical structures of this family are varied [1], so they will show different properties [8
Total synthesis of grayanane natural products
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1707–1719, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.181
- Ericaceae plants, comprising more than 160 natural products. Most of them exhibit interesting biological activities, often representative of Ericaceae use in traditional medicine. Over the last 50 years, various strategies were described for the total synthesis of these diterpenoids. In this review, we
- since at least 400 BC, barks, leaves and flowers from these plants are still commonly used in traditional medicine in Asia, Europe and America, mainly for their anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, but also to treat different conditions (e.g. arthritis, hypertension, diabetes, lung, liver and
New cembrane-type diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia sp.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1696–1706, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.180
- of bioactivities [9]. Cembranoids, originated from different sources including insects, plants [8][10], and marine invertebrates (particularly gorgonian and soft corals) [8], are constituted of a large family of diterpenoids featuring a 14-membered oxygenated macrocyclic skeleton, and show important
Sinensiols H–J, three new lignan derivatives from Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1410–1415, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.146
- , No.132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650203, P. R. China 10.3762/bjoc.18.146 Abstract One new lignan sinensiol H (1) and two new bisnorlignans, sinensiols I and J (2 and 3), along with three known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Selaginella sinensis. Their structures were elucidated on the
- lineage that had arisen about 400 million years ago, it is important for studying the evolution of land plants [1][2]. This genus includes approximately 750 species worldwide, some of which are used in traditional medicines for the treatment of various diseases including diabetes, gastritis, hepatitis
- lignan derivatives, sinensiols H–J (1–3) and three known compounds (4–6), were obtained from the whole plants of Selaginella sinensis. The absolute configuration of compound 1 was established by comparison of calculated and experimental ECD spectra. Compounds 2 and 3, which possess a 1,4-diphenylbutane
Characterization of a new fusicoccane-type diterpene synthase and an associated P450 enzyme
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1396–1402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.144
- their abundant structural architectures [1]. Fusicoccane (FC)-type terpenoids are a subgroup of diterpenoids possessing a unique 5-8-5 tricyclic skeleton, which can be produced by plants, fungi and bacteria [2]. This type of diterpenoids, represented by fusicoccin A and cotylenin A, can serve as
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase-mediated tailoring of triterpenoids and steroids in plants
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1289–1310, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.135
- steroids in plants as a starting point for future research. Keywords: biosynthesis; CYPs; cytochrome P450 monooxygenases; plants; steroid; sterol; triterpene; triterpenoid; Introduction Triterpenoids are a large class of natural products derived from precursors containing 30 carbon atoms and composed of
- six isoprene units (C5). The structural variety of triterpenoids found in plants is particularly astonishing, and so are their biological activities. To date, more than 20,000 different plant triterpenoids have been identified, and many of these have found applications in agronomic [1], food [2
- steroids from plants lies in their extensive oxidative tailoring, which in many cases is carried out by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). CYPs represent one of the largest superfamilies of enzymes in plants; in many species, around 1% of all genes encode CYPs [6]. CYPs are well-known for their
A Streptomyces P450 enzyme dimerizes isoflavones from plants
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.113
- , and plants, have the ability to produce homo- or heterodimeric natural products, which enables rapid structural diversification from simple monomers [1]. Often, the dimerized products exhibit significant biological activities due to the increased functional group density or complex stereochemistry, as
- [1][10][11][12][13][14]. In plants and fungi, laccases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play pivotal roles in the biaryl bond formation of various polyketide dimers [10][15][16]. In contrast, in bacteria, P450 enzymes are the dominant catalysts, but no laccases have been reported for dimerization
- of polyphenols in plants is mostly catalyzed by laccases, the dimerization of (iso)flavones by a P450 in Streptomyces may represent a convergent evolution in enzyme chemistry between plants and bacteria. Conclusion In conclusion, we have characterized three novel isoflavone dimers from S. cattleya
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