Coupling of C-nitro-NH-azoles with arylboronic acids. A route to N-aryl-C-nitroazoles

• Marta K. Kurpet,
• Aleksandra Dąbrowska,
• Małgorzata M. Jarosz,
• Katarzyna Kajewska-Kania,
• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Jerzy W. Suwiński

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1517–1525, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.173

• acid. Most reports on the Chan–Lam coupling reaction underline the demand of air introduction into the reaction mixture to provide high yields of the products [22][24][36][37]. The plausible mechanism of this catalytic reaction was proposed by Evans [38] and described for N-nucleophiles by Collman [39

Isolation and X-ray characterization of palladium–N complexes in the guanylation of aromatic amines. Mechanistic implications

• Abdessamad Grirrane,
• Hermenegildo Garcia and
• Eleuterio Álvarez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1455–1462, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.165

• form another dichlorobis(anilino-ĸN)palladium(II) (3a–c) completing one cycle and liberating guanidines 5a–c as free products of this catalytic reaction with high yields and selectivities (see Scheme 4). In this mechanism the rate determining step will be the attack of dichlorobis(anilino-ĸN)palladium

Cascade radical reaction of substrates with a carbon–carbon triple bond as a radical acceptor

• Hideto Miyabe,
• Ryuta Asada and
• Yoshiji Takemoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1148–1155, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.128

• effectively formed, and the background reaction giving the racemic product proceeded. Additionally, the high Z-selectivity of product 9Ba indicates that the stereoselective iodine-atom transfer from isopropyl iodide to an intermediate radical proceeded effectively under these catalytic reaction conditions

Regio- and stereoselective carbometallation reactions of N-alkynylamides and sulfonamides

• Yury Minko,
• Morgane Pasco,
• Helena Chechik and
• Ilan Marek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 526–532, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.57

• species. To improve the chemical yield of this transformation, we considered the copper-catalyzed carbomagnesiation reaction. However, such catalytic reaction requires a transmetallation reaction of the intermediate vinylcopper into vinylmagnesium halide, and due to the intramolecular chelation, it is

Iron-containing mesoporous aluminosilicate catalyzed direct alkenylation of phenols: Facile synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkenes

• Satyajit Haldar and
• Subratanath Koner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 49–55, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.6

• pretreatment is necessary to activate the catalyst and a moisture-free medium is essential. Furthermore, a higher temperature (110 °C) and a longer reaction time (14 h) were also required for the catalytic reaction. Sartori et. al. suggested that the external surface of HSZ-360-Y zeolite was responsible for

• is directly related to its superior performance in the catalytic reaction. Iron probably has some role in lowering the activation energy of the reaction in synergy with the aluminium moiety present in Al-MCM-41. The short reaction time is probably due to the mesoporous structure of Fe-Al-MCM-41 (pore

• in the mesoporous matrix. Thus, the catalyst attained the desired site-isolation of active centers for enhanced activity in catalytic reaction. In fact, in order to investigate the role of mesoporous structure, we further performed the reaction with “degraded-Fe-Al-MCM-41” of which the mesoporous

Cyclization of ortho-hydroxycinnamates to coumarins under mild conditions: A nucleophilic organocatalysis approach

• Florian Boeck,
• Max Blazejak,
• Markus R. Anneser and
• Lukas Hintermann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 1630–1636, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.186

• phosphorane structure (analogue to 5’) [43][44]. Under the conditions of the catalytic reaction, phosphonium (+37 ppm) was the only species of importance and thus represents the resting state of the catalytic reaction, which could be either 5 or 6. We did not observe a 31P NMR signal for n-Bu3P, or a signal

• for the phosphorane structure 5’, which is not favored in the highly polar solvent methanol [43]. Interestingly, we noted that quenching of the catalytic reaction mixtures with a cocatalytic amount of 1,2-dibromoethane prior to work-up had a favorable effect on product yield and purity: First, any of

Facile isomerization of silyl enol ethers catalyzed by triflic imide and its application to one-pot isomerization–(2 + 2) cycloaddition

• Kazato Inanaga,
• Yu Ogawa,
• Yuuki Nagamoto,
• Akihiro Daigaku,
• Hidetoshi Tokuyama,
• Yoshiji Takemoto and
• Kiyosei Takasu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 658–661, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.73

• , Japan 10.3762/bjoc.8.73 Abstract A triflic imide (Tf2NH) catalyzed isomerization of kinetically favourable silyl enol ethers into thermodynamically stable ones was developed. We also demonstrated a one-pot catalytic reaction consisting of (2 + 2) cycloaddition and isomerization. In the reaction

• procedure would be required. In this communication, we describe isomerization of silyl enol ethers by an organocatalyst under mild conditions and its application to a one-pot catalytic reaction involving isomerization of silyl enol ethers and (2 + 2) cycloaddition. Results and Discussion During our research

Development of the titanium–TADDOLate-catalyzed asymmetric fluorination of β-ketoesters

• Lukas Hintermann,
• Mauro Perseghini and
• Antonio Togni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1421–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.166

• means of the reagent F–TEDA and chiral titanium Lewis acid catalysts of the TiCl2(TADDOLate) type [40][41][42]. The same catalytic reaction principle has also allowed the performance of asymmetric chlorinations and brominations of β-ketoesters [43][44][45]. After the initial report [40], many metal

• its stereoselectivity depending on reaction parameters and catalyst-ligand effects. We also present stereochemical correlations, to assign the absolute configuration of the fluorination products, and observations relevant to the mechanism of the catalytic reaction. A subsequent paper will cover the

• (Table 3, entry 15). At temperatures below 0 °C, the catalytic reaction was slow not only because of the thermal effect, but because of the limited solubility of F–TEDA. Additional temperature variation experiments were carried out with the more selective catalyst K2 and phenyl ester 6 as substrate

Gold-catalyzed heterocyclizations in alkynyl- and allenyl-β-lactams

• Benito Alcaide and
• Pedro Almendros

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 622–630, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.73

• this reaction, a 5-exo-dig cyclization of the β-lactam nitrogen to the Au-activated C–C triple bond is followed by heterolytic fragmentation of the amide bond to form a reactive acyl cation. While substrates with substituents at the alkyne terminus did not undergo this catalytic reaction, various

Ene–yne cross-metathesis with ruthenium carbene catalysts

• Cédric Fischmeister and
• Christian Bruneau

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 156–166, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.22

• organic and polymer chemistry. Enyne metathesis is a powerful catalytic reaction to access such structural domains. Recent advances and developments in ene–yne cross-metathesis (EYCM) leading to various compounds of interest and their intermediates, that can directly be transformed in tandem procedures

The cross-metathesis of methyl oleate with cis-2-butene-1,4-diyl diacetate and the influence of protecting groups

• Arno Behr and
• Jessica Pérez Gomes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1–8, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.1

• synthesised by the catalytic reaction of 1,3-butadiene with acetic acid on a large scale. The classical preparative method for 1,4-butanediol is the copper catalysed reaction of acetylene with formaldehyde and subsequent hydrogenation of the intermediate [23]. Currently, the symmetric acylated substrate 2 is

Concise methods for the synthesis of chiral polyoxazolines and their application in asymmetric hydrosilylation

• Wei Jie Li,
• Zun Le Xu and
• Sheng Xiang Qiu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 29, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.29

• , entries 1–15). First, the effect of temperature on the catalytic reaction with bisoxazoline 1 as a ligand was examined with THF as solvent (entries 1–3). At −10 °C, the reaction proceeded very slowly and only a 51% yield of 1-phenylethanol with low ee was obtained after 72 h (entry 1). When the

Can we measure catalyst efficiency in asymmetric chemical reactions? A theoretical approach

• Shaimaa El-Fayyoumy,
• Matthew H. Todd and
• Christopher J. Richards

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 67, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.67

• chemistry [1]. Enormous progress has been made in recent years, most notably in homogenous transition metal catalysis, organocatalysis and enzyme-catalysed reactions. It is therefore surprising that there is no generally accepted measure for the effectiveness of a catalytic reaction. That is to say when we

Continuous flow enantioselective arylation of aldehydes with ArZnEt using triarylboroxins as the ultimate source of aryl groups

• Julien Rolland,
• Xacobe C. Cambeiro,
• Carles Rodríguez-Escrich and
• Miquel A. Pericàs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 56, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.56

• hydrolyze residual ethylating/arylating agents and thus prevent the non catalyzed reaction taking place in the event that conversion of the continuous flow catalytic reaction was not complete. Optimization of the process Optimization of reaction parameters under continuous flow conditions was performed

Catalytic synthesis of (E)-α,β-unsaturated esters from aldehydes and 1,1-diethoxyethylene

• Rubén Manzano,
• Lidia Ozores,
• Andreas Job,
• Lars Rodefeld and
• Benjamin List

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 3, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.3

• (Scheme 1, eq 4). Although previously attempted under thermal conditions with poor success, our catalytic reaction is entirely new [25]. We reasoned that the reaction of readily available and inexpensive ketene diethyl acetal [26] or ketene dimethyl acetal (available from Aldrich) with aldehydes upon