Glycodendrimers: tools to explore multivalent galectin-1 interactions

• Jonathan M. Cousin and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 739–747, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.84

• , and 3:1. Dynamic light scattering Dynamic light scattering was performed using a 90 Plus Particle Size Analyzer (Brookhaven Instruments Corp.) to measure galectin-1/glycodendrimer aggregates at same concentrations and ratios that were used in the fluorescence microscopy assays. Monomeric lactose was

Formulation development, stability and anticancer efficacy of core-shell cyclodextrin nanocapsules for oral chemotherapy with camptothecin

• Hale Ünal,
• Naile Öztürk and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 204–212, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.22

• biological membranes through positive surface charge. Nanocapsules were evaluated for their in vitro characteristics such as particle size, zeta potential, drug loading and release profiles followed by cell culture studies with the MCF-7 and Caco-2 cell line evaluating their anticancer efficacy and

• uptake. Therefore the particle size should be in an optimum range which enables particles to diffuse and permeate through the biological membranes, but also should provide the maximum ability for encapsulation of drugs and sustained release. The influence of CD concentration, concentration of oil phase

• and organic to aqueous phase volume ratio have been studied to optimize the nanocapsule formulation (see Supporting Information File 1 for full experimental data). The effect of the concentration of 6OCAPRO on particle size and PDI is given in Table 1. It is clearly seen that the particle size

Effects of RAMEA-complexed polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response of human dendritic cells to inflammatory signals

• Éva Rajnavölgyi,
• Renáta Laczik,
• Viktor Kun,
• Lajos Szente and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3152–3160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.332

• PUFAs to the aqueous solutions at 20% RAMEA, RAMEB or RAMEG, respectively, stirring for 24 h at rt and then analyzed the filtered saturated solutions by HPLC using Hypersil ODS column (4 × 125 mm, particle size 5 μm) with guard column, mobile phase: acetonitrile/water 75:25 with 0.15% concentrated

Release of β-galactosidase from poloxamine/α-cyclodextrin hydrogels

• César A. Estévez,
• José Ramón Isasi,
• Eneko Larrañeta and
• Itziar Vélaz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3127–3135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.330

• causing increased contact with the medium. Thus, the lactase activity data in acidic media for the commercial tablets could not be collected. The type of drug, its polymorphism, crystallinity, particle size and other factors can influence the release kinetics. A water-soluble drug incorporated into a

Detonation nanodiamonds biofunctionalization and immobilization to titanium alloy surfaces as first steps towards medical application

• Juliana P. L. Gonçalves,
• Afnan Q. Shaikh,
• Manuela Reitzig,
• Daria A. Kovalenko,
• Jan Michael,
• René Beutner,
• Gianaurelio Cuniberti,
• Dieter Scharnweber and
• Jörg Opitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2765–2773, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.293

• ). Image g and h in which silanized DND functionalized with O-phosphorylethanolamine depicts more homogeneous distribution indicating better interaction with titanium alloy surface when compared to other entities. Moreover, the particle size and agglomeration are also effectively reduced after the

Preparation and evaluation of cyclodextrin polypseudorotaxane with PEGylated liposome as a sustained release drug carrier

• Kayoko Hayashida,
• Taishi Higashi,
• Daichi Kono,
• Keiichi Motoyama,
• Koki Wada and
• Hidetoshi Arima

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2756–2764, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.292

• -LP with 58 and 116 mg/mL γ-CD solution. Here, DOX/PEG-LP was prepared with HSPC/cholesterol/PEGylated 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (PEG-DSPE, Figure 2A) (47:47:6, molar ratio). In addition, the particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), ζ-potential and the drug entrapment ratio of

• resulting precipitate was dried under reduced pressure. Particle size, PDI and ζ-potential of CD PPRX with DOX/PEG-LP The particle size, PDI and ζ-potential of the suspension of γ-CD PPRX with DOX/PEG-LP were determined by dynamic light scattering by using a Zetasizer Nano (Malvern Instruments

Synthesis of nanodiamond derivatives carrying amino functions and quantification by a modified Kaiser test

• Gerald Jarre,
• Steffen Heyer,
• Elisabeth Memmel,
• Thomas Meinhardt and
• Anke Krueger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2729–2737, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.288

• : negative, zetapotential: not measured as no stable colloidal solution in water was obtained. Particle size: 15 nm (acetone). Synthesis of 5: 65 mg of 4 was suspended in 5 mL BH3∙THF (1 M) and heated for 20 h under nitrogen atmosphere at 50 °C. Excess borane was decomposed by adding 2 N HCl. The diamond

• : 1.75 mmol g−1 (calculated from EA), 0.61 mmol g−1 (calculated from TGA), 0.60 mmol g−1 (Kaiser-Test); zetapotential: 19.9 mV, particle size: 13 nm (water). Synthesis of 9: 120 mg of annealed nanodiamond 2 was suspended in a solution of 120 mg (0.61 mmol) of 8 in 10 mL 1,2-dichlorobenzene and heated to

Linear-g-hyperbranched and cyclodextrin-based amphiphilic block copolymer as a multifunctional nanocarrier

• Yamei Zhao,
• Wei Tian,
• Guang Yang and
• Xiaodong Fan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2696–2703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.284

• . Experimental Experimental details can be found in the Supporting Information. Particle size distributions of MP1, MP2, and MP3 at 25 °C as determined by DLS. TEM images of P1 (A), P2 (B) and P3 (C) micelles. UV–vis spectra of LND solutions in the presence of MP1, MP2 and MP3 in buffer solutions. Particle size

Host–guest-driven color change in water: influence of cyclodextrin on the structure of a copper complex of poly((4-hydroxy-3-(pyridin-3-yldiazenyl)phenethyl)methacrylamide-co-dimethylacrylamide)

• Nils Retzmann,
• Gero Maatz and
• Helmut Ritter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2480–2483, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.259

• :50 vol % in methanol/water solution. UV–vis absorption spectra of (orange) the solved copolymer 7 with the induced shifts by addition of (red) copper(II) sulfate and (blue) γ-CD in an aqueous methanol medium. Number average particle size distribution of 7 obtained by DLS experiments. Synthesis of N

A small azide-modified thiazole-based reporter molecule for fluorescence and mass spectrometric detection

• Stefanie Wolfram,
• Hendryk Würfel,
• Stefanie H. Habenicht,
• Christine Lembke,
• Phillipp Richter,
• Eckhard Birckner,
• Rainer Beckert and
• Georg Pohnert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2470–2479, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.258

• (Waters, Milford, MA, USA) coupled to a Waters 996 PDA detector and a Q-Tof microMS (Waters Micromass, Manchester, England). A Kinetex C18 reversed-phase column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 µm particle size, Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) was used. For UV detection and ionization in positive and negative mode 10

Phosphinocyclodextrins as confining units for catalytic metal centres. Applications to carbon–carbon bond forming reactions

• Matthieu Jouffroy,
• Rafael Gramage-Doria,
• David Sémeril,
• Dominique Armspach,
• Dominique Matt,
• Werner Oberhauser and
• Loïc Toupet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2388–2405, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.249

• reagents were used as supplied. All manipulations were performed in Schlenk-type flasks under N2. Solvents were dried by conventional methods and distilled immediately prior to use. Column chromatography was performed on silica gel 60 (particle size 40–63 μm, 230–240 mesh). CDCl3 was passed down a 5 cm

Multivalent scaffolds induce galectin-3 aggregation into nanoparticles

• Candace K. Goodman,
• Mark L. Wolfenden,
• Pratima Nangia-Makker,
• Anna K. Michel,
• Avraham Raz and
• Mary J. Cloninger

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1570–1577, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.162

• in the software package. The peaks were analysed using the continuous mode. Mw values for 2–5 are provided in Table S2, Supporting Information File 1. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) DLS measurements were acquired with the Brookhaven 90Plus Particle Size Analyzer equipped with a 15 mW solid state, 633

Bis(β-lactosyl)-[60]fullerene as novel class of glycolipids useful for the detection and the decontamination of biological toxins of the Ricinus communis family

• Hirofumi Dohi,
• Takeru Kanazawa,
• Akihiro Saito,
• Keita Sato,
• Hirotaka Uzawa,
• Yasuo Seto and
• Yoshihiro Nishida

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1504–1512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.155

• ) on an aluminum sheet silica gel (60 F254 Merck, Sigma-Aldrich) by using UV-light detection and ethanolic phosphomolybdic acid or a p-anisaldehyde solution and heat as developing reagents. Flash column chromatography was performed on a silica gel (Merck 60 Å, particle size: 0.040–0.063 mm) by using

Pyrene-modified PNAs: Stacking interactions and selective excimer emission in PNA₂DNA triplexes

• Alex Manicardi,
• Lucia Guidi,
• Alice Ghidini and
• Roberto Corradini

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1495–1503, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.154

• TLC carried out on 0.25 mm E. Merck silica-gel plates (60F-254) by using UV light as visualizing agent and ninhydrin solution and heat as developing agents. E. Merck silica gel (60, particle size 0.040–0.063 mm) was used for flash-column chromatography. NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance 400

Biantennary oligoglycines and glyco-oligoglycines self-associating in aqueous medium

• Svetlana V. Tsygankova,
• Alexander A. Chinarev,
• Alexander B. Tuzikov,
• Nikolai Severin,
• Alexey A. Kalachev,
• Juergen P. Rabe,
• Alexandra S. Gambaryan and
• Nicolai V. Bovin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1372–1382, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.140

• solutions of biantennary oligoglycines was studied with an analyzer of submicron particle size “Malvern HPPS” (UK). After the preparation of aqueous (Milli-Q) solutions of oigoglycine salts in a concentration of 0.01–0.1 mg/mL, the instrument reading was recorded (t = 0, pH < 5). Then, 1–2 equiv of base

Polyglycerol-functionalized nanodiamond as a platform for gene delivery: Derivatization, characterization, and hybridization with DNA

• Li Zhao,
• Yuki Nakae,
• Hongmei Qin,
• Tadamasa Ito,
• Takahide Kimura,
• Hideto Kojima,
• Lawrence Chan and
• Naoki Komatsu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 707–713, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.64

• weight ratio of the PG layer improved the dispersibility of ND5-PG significantly (>80 mg/mL in PBS), implying that the dispersibility of ND-PG is proportional to the weight ratio of PG to the ND core. The particle size of ND50 and ND50-PG was measured by STEM and DLS. In contrast to bare ND50 particles

SF002-96-1, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone from an Aspergillus species, inhibits survivin expression

• Silke Felix,
• Louis P. Sandjo,
• Till Opatz and
• Gerhard Erkel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2866–2876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.323

• -MSD instrument fitted with a LiChroCART Superspher 100 RP-18 column (125 × 2 mm, 4 mm particle size; Merck). The chromatographic conditions consisted of a gradient from 1% to 100% acetonitrile in 20 min, and an isocratic step at 100% acetonitrile for 1 min at 40 °C and 10 µL injection volume was used

One-pot cross-enyne metathesis (CEYM)–Diels–Alder reaction of gem-difluoropropargylic alkynes

• Santos Fustero,
• Paula Bello,
• Javier Miró,
• María Sánchez-Roselló,
• Günter Haufe and
• Carlos del Pozo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2688–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.305

• out with UV light and aqueous ceric ammonium molybdate solution or potassium permanganate stain. Flash column chromatography was performed with the indicated solvents on silica gel 60 (particle size 0.040–0.063 mm). 1H and 13C NMR spectra were recorded on 300 or 400 MHz spectrometers. Chemical shifts

A concise enantioselective synthesis of the guaiane sesquiterpene (−)-oxyphyllol

• Martin Zahel and
• Peter Metz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2028–2032, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.239

• , particle size 40–63 microns). Melting points were measured on a Wagner & Munz PolyTherm A and are uncorrected. Infrared spectra were recorded on a THERMONICOLET Avatar 360 instrument using ATR. NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker DRX500P (500.13 MHz 1H, 125.77 MHz 13C) or else on an Avance-III-600

Topochemical control of the photodimerization of aromatic compounds by γ-cyclodextrin thioethers in aqueous solution

• Hai Ming Wang and
• Gerhard Wenz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1858–1866, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.217

• undesirable heterogenous reaction conditions [19]. Yields of heterogenous photoreactions generally depend on the particle size of the educt phase because the penetration depth of the incident light is limited. Recently, we synthesized a series of highly water-soluble per-6-deoxy-thioethers of β- and γ-CD

Efficient continuous-flow synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-substituted β-aminocyclohexanecarboxylic acid derivatives with gram-scale production

• Sándor B. Ötvös,
• Ádám Georgiádes,
• István M. Mándity,
• Lóránd Kiss and
• Ferenc Fülöp

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1508–1516, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.172

• (internal dimensions: 70 mm × 4 mm) was filled with ~900 mg of copper powder with an average particle size of 200 µm. 70 mg (0.21 mmol, 1 equivalent) of the corresponding azide and 0.32 mmol (1.5 equivalents) of the alkyne, and (only in method B) 1.5 µL (0.0084 mmol, 0.04 equivalents) of DIEA and 0.5 µL

A study on electrospray mass spectrometry of fullerenol C₆₀(OH)₂₄

• Mihaela Silion,
• Andrei Dascalu,
• Mariana Pinteala,
• Bogdan C. Simionescu and
• Cezar Ungurenasu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1285–1295, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.145

• were achieved using a new Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 reverse phase column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm particle size) with a column temperature kept at 35 °C. Using a 20 μL injection volume, the fullerenol C60(OH)24 was monitored through UV detection at 280 nm for a total runtime of 30 minutes at a flow rate of 1

The synthesis of well-defined poly(vinylbenzyl chloride)-grafted nanoparticles via RAFT polymerization

• John Moraes,
• Kohji Ohno,
• Guillaume Gody,
• Thomas Maschmeyer and
• Sébastien Perrier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.139

• conversion (Figure 5), shows an increase in particle size with increasing conversion. This continues past the first three data points in stark contrast to the Mn of the polymer chains degrafted from the particles. This strongly suggests that the grafted chains do indeed continue to increase in size, despite

• show monomodal particle-size distribution and very low dispersities. Their uniformity results in the formation of well-ordered films, showing long-range two-dimensional order. Evolution of number-average molecular weight (Mn) and Mw/Mn values of the poly(VBC) chains obtained by RAFT polymerization with

Camera-enabled techniques for organic synthesis

• Steven V. Ley,
• Richard J. Ingham,
• Matthew O’Brien and
• Duncan L. Browne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1051–1072, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.118

• processing. (a) The Morphologi G3 particle image analyser, which uses images captured with a camera microscope (b) to measure particle size, shape and count; (c) the pharmaceutical intermediate androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, cyclic 17-(2,2-dimethyltrimethylene acetal) whose crystallisation was studied

Superstructures of fluorescent cyclodextrin via click-reaction

• Arkadius Maciollek,
• Helmut Ritter and
• Rainer Beckert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 827–831, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.94

• concentration source, the refractive index was used. Calibration of the system was performed with bovine serum albumin. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments were carried out with a Malvern Zetasizer Nano; ZS ZEN 3600 at a temperature of 20 °C. The particle size distribution is derived from a deconvolution