Search for "peroxide" in Full Text gives 229 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1908–1916, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.165
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Two [2]rotaxane molecular shuttles with both bis(pyridinium)ethane and benzylanilinium recognition ...
Figure 2: A [3]catenane containing two identical bis(pyridinium)ethane recognition sites on a large macrocycl...
Scheme 1:
Step-wise synthesis of [2]catenane [8DB24C8]6+ containing benzylanilinium and bis(pyridinium)ethane...
Figure 3:
1H NMR spectrum of [2]catenane [8DB24C8]6+ (500 MHz, 298 K, CD2Cl2) showing the assigned proton che...
Figure 4:
a) The [2]catenane [8DB24C8]6+ can be protonated to yield [8-H
DB24C8]7+ in two different co-conform...
Figure 5:
UV–visible spectra of [8DB24C8]6+ (orange trace) and [8-H
DB24C8]7+ (black trace) in CH3CN solution ...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1813–1825, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.154
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: The structures of hypervalent iodine (III) reagents [8].
Scheme 1: Hypervalent iodine(III)-catalyzed functionalization of alkenes.
Scheme 2: Catalytic sulfonyloxylactonization of alkenoic acids [43].
Scheme 3: Catalytic diacetoxylation of alkenes [46].
Scheme 4: Intramolecular asymmetric dioxygenation of alkenes [48,50].
Scheme 5: Intermolecular asymmetric diacetoxylation of styrenes [52].
Scheme 6: Diacetoxylation of alkenes with ester groups containing catalysts 17 [55].
Scheme 7: Intramolecular diamination of alkenes [56].
Scheme 8: Intramolecular asymmetric diamination of alkenes [57].
Scheme 9: Intermolecular asymmetric diamination of alkenes [58].
Scheme 10: Iodoarene-catalyzed aminofluorination of alkenes [60,61].
Scheme 11: Iodoarene-catalyzed aminofluorination of alkenes [62].
Scheme 12: Catalytic difluorination of alkenes with Selectfluor [63].
Scheme 13: Iodoarene-catalyzed 1,2-difluorination of alkenes [64].
Scheme 14: Iodoarene-catalyzed asymmetric fluorination of styrenes [64,65].
Scheme 15: Gem-difluorination of styrenes [67].
Scheme 16: Asymmetric gem-difluorination of cinnamic acid derivatives [68].
Scheme 17: Oxyarylation of alkenes [71].
Scheme 18: Asymmetric oxidative rearrangements of alkenes [72].
Scheme 19: Bromolactonization of alkenes [75].
Scheme 20: Bromination of alkenes [77,78].
Scheme 21: Cooperative strategy for the carbonylation of alkenes [79].
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1750–1757, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.149
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Dmoc and dM-Dmoc protection and deprotection of amines.
Scheme 2: Selective deprotection of dM-Dmoc-, Boc- and Fmoc-protected amines.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1668–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.143
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Some sulfur-containing natural products.
Figure 2: Some natural products incorporating β-hydroxy sulfide moieties.
Figure 3: Some synthetic β-hydroxy sulfides of clinical value.
Scheme 1: Alumina-mediated synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides, ethers, amines and selenides from epoxides.
Scheme 2: β-Hydroxy sulfide syntheses by ring opening of epoxides under different Lewis and Brønsted acid and...
Scheme 3: n-Bu3P-catalyzed thiolysis of epoxides and aziridines to provide the corresponding β-hydroxy and β-...
Scheme 4: Zinc(II) chloride-mediated thiolysis of epoxides.
Scheme 5: Thiolysis of epoxides and one-pot oxidation to β-hydroxy sulfoxides under microwave irradiation.
Scheme 6: Gallium triflate-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides and one-pot oxidation.
Scheme 7: Thiolysis of epoxides and one-pot oxidation to β-hydroxy sulfoxides using Ga(OTf)3 as a catalyst.
Scheme 8: Ring opening of epoxide using ionic liquids under solvent-free conditions.
Scheme 9: N-Bromosuccinimide-catalyzed ring opening of epoxides.
Scheme 10: LiNTf2-mediated epoxide opening by thiophenol.
Scheme 11: Asymmetric ring-opening of cyclohexene oxide with various thiols catalyzed by zinc L-tartrate.
Scheme 12: Catalytic asymmetric ring opening of symmetrical epoxides with t-BuSH catalyzed by (R)-GaLB (43) wi...
Scheme 13: Asymmetric ring opening of meso-epoxides by p-xylenedithiol catalyzed by a (S,S)-(salen)Cr complex.
Scheme 14: Desymmetrization of meso-epoxide with thiophenol derivatives.
Scheme 15: Enantioselective ring-opening reaction of meso-epoxides with ArSH catalyzed by a C2-symmetric chira...
Scheme 16: Enantioselective ring-opening reaction of stilbene oxides with ArSH catalyzed by a C2-symmetric chi...
Scheme 17: Asymmetric desymmetrization of meso-epoxides using BINOL-based Brønsted acid catalysts.
Scheme 18: Lithium-BINOL-phosphate-catalyzed desymmetrization of meso-epoxides with aromatic thiols.
Scheme 19: Ring-opening reactions of cyclohexene oxide with thiols by using CPs 1-Eu and 2-Tb.
Scheme 20: CBS-oxazaborolidine-catalyzed borane reduction of β-keto sulfides.
Scheme 21: Preparation of β-hydroxy sulfides via connectivity.
Scheme 22: Baker’s yeast-catalyzed reduction of sulfenylated β-ketoesters.
Scheme 23: Sodium-mediated ring opening of epoxides.
Scheme 24: Disulfide bond cleavage-epoxide opening assisted by tetrathiomolybdate.
Scheme 25: Proposed reaction mechanism of disulfide bond cleavage-epoxide opening assisted by tetrathiomolybda...
Scheme 26: Cyclodextrin-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes.
Scheme 27: Zinc-catalyzed synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides from disulfides and alkenes.
Scheme 28: tert-Butyl hydroperoxide-catalyzed hydroxysulfurization of alkenes.
Scheme 29: Proposed mechanism of the radical hydroxysulfurization.
Scheme 30: Rongalite-mediated synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides from styrenes and disulfides.
Scheme 31: Proposed mechanism of Rongalite-mediated synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides from styrenes and disulfid...
Scheme 32: Copper(II)-catalyzed synthesis of β-hydroxy sulfides 15e,f from alkenes and basic disulfides.
Scheme 33: CuI-catalyzed acetoxysulfenylation of alkenes.
Scheme 34: CuI-catalyzed acetoxysulfenylation reaction mechanism.
Scheme 35: One-pot oxidative 1,2-acetoxysulfenylation of Baylis–Hillman products.
Scheme 36: Proposed mechanism for the oxidative 1,2-acetoxysulfination of Baylis–Hillman products.
Scheme 37: 1,2-Acetoxysulfenylation of alkenes using DIB/KI.
Scheme 38: Proposed reaction mechanism of the diacetoxyiodobenzene (DIB) and KI-mediated 1,2-acetoxysulfenylat...
Scheme 39: Catalytic asymmetric thiofunctionalization of unactivated alkenes.
Scheme 40: Proposed catalytic cycle for asymmetric sulfenofunctionalization.
Scheme 41: Synthesis of thiosugars using intramolecular thiol-ene reaction.
Scheme 42: Synthesis of leukotriene C-1 by Corey et al.: (a) N-(trifluoroacetyl)glutathione dimethyl ester (3 ...
Scheme 43: Synthesis of pteriatoxins with epoxide thiolysis to attain β-hydroxy sulfides. Reagents: (a) (1) K2...
Scheme 44: Synthesis of peptides containing a β-hydroxy sulfide moiety.
Scheme 45: Synthesis of diltiazem (12) using biocatalytic resolution of an epoxide followed by thiolysis.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1244–1262, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.107
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: An overview of different chiral iodine reagents or precursors thereof.
Scheme 2: Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides by chiral hypervalent iodine reagents.
Scheme 3: Oxidative dearomatization of naphthol derivatives by Kita et al.
Scheme 4: [4 + 2] Diels–Alder dimerization reported by Birman et al.
Scheme 5: m-CPBA guided catalytic oxidative naphthol dearomatization.
Scheme 6: Oxidative dearomatization of phenolic derivatives by Ishihara et al.
Scheme 7: Oxidative spirocyclization applying precatalyst 11 developed by Ciufolini et al.
Scheme 8: Asymmetric hydroxylative dearomatization.
Scheme 9: Enantioselective oxylactonization reported by Fujita et al.
Scheme 10: Dioxytosylation of styrene (47) by Wirth et al.
Scheme 11: Oxyarylation and aminoarylation of alkenes.
Scheme 12: Asymmetric diamination of alkenes.
Scheme 13: Stereoselective oxyamination of alkenes reported by Wirth et al.
Scheme 14: Enantioselective and regioselective aminofluorination by Nevado et al.
Scheme 15: Fluorinated difunctionalization reported by Jacobsen et al.
Scheme 16: Aryl rearrangement reported by Wirth et al.
Scheme 17: α-Arylation of β-ketoesters.
Scheme 18: Asymmetric α-oxytosylation of carbonyls.
Scheme 19: Asymmetric α-oxygenation and α-amination of carbonyls reported by Wirth et al.
Scheme 20: Asymmetric α-functionalization of ketophenols using chiral quaternary ammonium (hypo)iodite salt re...
Scheme 21: Oxidative Intramolecular coupling by Gong et al.
Scheme 22: α-Sulfonyl and α-phosphoryl oxylation of ketones reported by Masson et al.
Scheme 23: α-Fluorination of β-keto esters.
Scheme 24: Alkynylation of β-ketoesters and amides catalyzed by phase-transfer catalyst.
Scheme 25: Alkynylation of β-ketoesters and dearomative alkynylation of phenols.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Tropone (1), tropolone (2) and their resonance structures.
Figure 1: Natural products containing a tropone nucleus.
Figure 2: Possible isomers 11–13 of benzotropone.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of benzotropones 11 and 12.
Scheme 3: Oxidation products of benzotropylium fluoroborate (16).
Scheme 4: Oxidation of 7-bromo-5H-benzo[7]annulene (22).
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 4,5-benzotropone (11) using o-phthalaldehyde (27).
Scheme 6: Synthesis of 4,5-benzotropone (11) starting from oxobenzonorbornadiene 31.
Scheme 7: Acid-catalyzed cleavage of oxo-bridge of 34.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of 4,5-benzotropone (11) from o-xylylene dibromide (38).
Scheme 9: Synthesis of 4,5-benzotropone (11) via the carbene adduct 41.
Scheme 10: Heck coupling strategy for the synthesis of 11.
Scheme 11: Synthesis of benzofulvalenes via carbonyl group of 4,5-benzotropone (11).
Figure 3: Some cycloheptatrienylium cations.
Scheme 12: Synthesis of condensation product 63 and its subsequent oxidative cyclization products.
Figure 4: A novel series of benzo[7]annulenes prepared from 4,5-benzotropone (11).
Scheme 13: Preparation of substituted benzo[7]annulene 72 using the Mukaiyama-Michael reaction.
Figure 5: Possible benzo[7]annulenylidenes 73–75.
Scheme 14: Thermal and photochemical decomposition of 7-diazo-7H-benzo[7]annulene (76) and the trapping of int...
Scheme 15: Synthesis of benzoheptafulvalene 86.
Scheme 16: Synthesis of 7-(diphenylmethylene)-7H-benzo[7]annulene (89).
Scheme 17: Reaction of 4,5-benzotropone (11) with dimethyl diazomethane.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of dihydrobenzomethoxyazocine 103.
Scheme 19: Synthesis and reducibility of benzo-homo-2-methoxyazocines.
Scheme 20: Synthesis of 4,5-benzohomotropones 104 and 115 from 4,5-benzotropones 11 and 113.
Scheme 21: A catalytic deuterogenation of 4,5-benzotropone (11) and synthesis of 5-monosubstituted benzo[7]ann...
Scheme 22: Synthesis of methyl benzo[7]annulenes 131 and 132.
Scheme 23: Ambident reactivity of halobenzo[7]annulenylium cations 133a/b.
Scheme 24: Preparation of benzo[7]annulenylidene–iron complexes 147.
Scheme 25: Synthesis of 1-ethynylbenzotropone (150) and the etheric compound 152 from 4,5-benzotropone (11) wi...
Scheme 26: Thermal decomposition of 4,5-benzotropone (11).
Scheme 27: Reaction of 4,5-benzotropone (11) with 1,2-ethanediol and 1,2-ethanedithiol.
Scheme 28: Conversions of 1-benzosuberone (162) to 2,3-benzotropone (12).
Scheme 29: Synthesis strategies for 2,3-bezotropone (12) using 1-benzosuberones.
Scheme 30: Oxidation-based synthesis of 2,3-benzotropone (12) via 1-benzosuberone (162).
Scheme 31: Synthesis of 2,3-benzotropone (12) from α-tetralone (171) via ring-expansion.
Scheme 32: Preparation of 2,3-benzotropone (12) by using of benzotropolone 174.
Figure 6: Benzoheptafulvenes as condensation products of 2,3-benzotropone (12).
Scheme 33: Conversion of 2,3-benzotropone (12) to tosylhydrazone salt 182 and gem-dichloride 187.
Figure 7: Benzohomoazocines 191–193 and benzoazocines 194–197.
Scheme 34: From 2,3-benzotropone (12) to carbonium ions 198–201.
Scheme 35: Cycloaddition reactions of 2,3-benzotropone (12).
Scheme 36: Reaction of 2,3-benzotropone (12) with various reagents and compounds.
Figure 8: 3,4-Benzotropone (13) and its resonance structure.
Scheme 37: Synthesis of 6,7-benzobicyclo[3.2.0]hepta-3,6-dien-2-one (230).
Figure 9: Photolysis and thermolysis products of 230.
Figure 10: Benzotropolones and their tautomeric structures.
Scheme 38: Synthesis strategies of 4,5-benzotropolone (238).
Scheme 39: Synthesis protocol for 2-hydroxy-4,5-benzotropone (238) using oxazole-benzo[7]annulene 247.
Figure 11: Some quinoxaline and pyrazine derivatives 254–256 prepared from 4,5-benzotropolone (238).
Scheme 40: Nitration product of 4,5-benzotropolone (238) and its isomerization to 1-nitro-naphthoic acid (259)....
Scheme 41: Synthesis protocol for 6-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (239) from benzosuberone (162).
Scheme 42: Various reactions via 6-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (239).
Scheme 43: Photoreaction of 6-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (239).
Scheme 44: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) from benzosuberone (162).
Scheme 45: Synthesis strategy for 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) from ketone 276.
Scheme 46: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) from β-naphthoquinone (280).
Scheme 47: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) from bicyclic endoperoxide 213.
Scheme 48: Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) by ring-closing metathesis.
Figure 12: Various monosubstitution products 289–291 of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241).
Scheme 49: Reaction of 7-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropone (241) with various reagents.
Scheme 50: Synthesis of 4-hydroxy-2,3-benzotropones 174 and 304 from diketones 300/301.
Scheme 51: Catalytic hydrogenation of diketones 300 and 174.
Scheme 52: Synthesis of halo-benzotropones from alkoxy-naphthalenes 306, 307 and 310.
Figure 13: Unexpected byproducts 313–315 during synthesis of chlorobenzotropone 309.
Figure 14: Some halobenzotropones and their cycloadducts.
Scheme 53: Multisep synthesis of 2-chlorobenzotropone 309.
Scheme 54: A multistep synthesis of 2-bromo-benzotropone 26.
Scheme 55: A multistep synthesis of bromo-2,3-benzotropones 311 and 316.
Scheme 56: Oxidation reactions of 8-bromo-5H-benzo[7]annulene (329) with some oxidants.
Scheme 57: Synthesis of 2-bromo-4,5-benzotropone (26).
Scheme 58: Synthesis of 6-chloro-2,3-benzotropone (335) using LiCl and proposed intermediate 336.
Scheme 59: Reaction of 7-bromo-2,3-benzotropone (316) with methylamine.
Scheme 60: Reactions of bromo-2,3-benzotropones 26 and 311 with dimethylamine.
Scheme 61: Reactions of bromobenzotropones 311 and 26 with NaOMe.
Scheme 62: Reactions of bromobenzotropones 26 and 312 with t-BuOK in the presence of DPIBF.
Scheme 63: Cobalt-catalyzed reductive cross-couplings of 7-bromo-2,3-benzotropone (316) with cyclic α-bromo en...
Figure 15: Cycloadduct 357 and its di-π-methane rearrangement product 358.
Scheme 64: Catalytic hydrogenation of 2-chloro-4,5-benzotropone (311).
Scheme 65: Synthesis of dibromo-benzotropones from benzotropones.
Scheme 66: Bromination/dehydrobromination of benzosuberone (162).
Scheme 67: Some transformations of isomeric dibromo-benzotropones 261A/B.
Scheme 68: Transformations of benzotropolone 239B to halobenzotropolones 369–371.
Figure 16: Bromobenzotropolones 372–376 and 290 prepared via bromination/dehydrobromination strategy.
Scheme 69: Synthesis of some halobenzotropolones 289, 377 and 378.
Figure 17: Bromo-chloro-derivatives 379–381 prepared via chlorination.
Scheme 70: Synthesis of 7-iodo-3,4-benzotropolone (382).
Scheme 71: Hydrogenation of bromobenzotropolones 369 and 370.
Scheme 72: Debromination reactions of mono- and dibromides 290 and 375.
Figure 18: Nitratation and oxidation products of some halobenzotropolenes.
Scheme 73: Azo-coupling reactions of some halobenzotropolones 294, 375 and 378.
Figure 19: Four possible isomers of dibenzotropones 396–399.
Figure 20: Resonance structures of tribenzotropone (400).
Scheme 74: Two synthetic pathways for tribenzotropone (400).
Scheme 75: Synthesis of tribenzotropone (400) from dibenzotropone 399.
Scheme 76: Synthesis of tribenzotropone (400) from 9,10-phenanthraquinone (406).
Scheme 77: Synthesis of tribenzotropone (400) from trifluoromethyl-substituted arene 411.
Figure 21: Dibenzosuberone (414).
Figure 22: Reduction products 415 and 416 of tribenzotropone (400).
Figure 23: Structures of tribenzotropone dimethyl ketal 417 and 4-phenylfluorenone (412) and proposed intermed...
Figure 24: Structures of benzylidene- and methylene-9H-tribenzo[a,c,e][7]annulenes 419 and 420 and chiral phos...
Figure 25: Structures of tetracyclic alcohol 422, p-quinone methide 423 and cation 424.
Figure 26: Structures of host molecules 425–427.
Scheme 78: Synthesis of non-helical overcrowded derivatives syn/anti-431.
Figure 27: Hexabenzooctalene 432.
Figure 28: Structures of possible eight isomers 433–440 of naphthotropone.
Scheme 79: Synthesis of naphthotropone 437 starting from 1-phenylcycloheptene (441).
Scheme 80: Synthesis of 10-hydroxy-11H-cyclohepta[a]naphthalen-11-one (448) from diester 445.
Scheme 81: Synthesis of naphthotropone 433.
Scheme 82: Synthesis of naphthotropones 433 and 434 via cycloaddition reaction.
Scheme 83: Synthesis of naphthotropone 434 starting from 452.
Figure 29: Structures of tricarbonyl(tropone)irons 458, and possible cycloadducts 459.
Scheme 84: Synthesis of naphthotropone 436.
Scheme 85: Synthesis of precursor 465 for naphthotropone 435.
Scheme 86: Generation of naphthotropone 435 from 465.
Figure 30: Structures of tropylium cations 469 and 470.
Figure 31: Structures of tropylium ions 471+.BF4−, 472+.BF4−, and 473+.BF4−.
Scheme 87: Synthesis of tropylium ions 471+.BF4− and 479+.ClO4−.
Scheme 88: Synthesis of 1- and 2-methylanthracene (481 and 482) via carbene–carbene rearrangement.
Figure 32: Trapping products 488–490.
Scheme 89: Generation and chemistry of a naphthoannelated cycloheptatrienylidene-cycloheptatetraene intermedia...
Scheme 90: Proposed intermediates and reaction pathways for adduct 498.
Scheme 91: Exited-state intramolecular proton transfer of 505.
Figure 33: Benzoditropones 506 and 507.
Scheme 92: Synthesis of benzoditropone 506e.
Scheme 93: Synthetic approaches for dibenzotropone 507 via tropone (1).
Scheme 94: Formation mechanisms of benzoditropone 507 and 516 via 515.
Scheme 95: Synthesis of benzoditropones 525 and 526 from pyromellitic dianhydride (527).
Figure 34: Possible three benzocyclobutatropones 534–536.
Scheme 96: Synthesis of benzocyclobutatropones 534 and 539.
Scheme 97: Synthesis attempts for benzocyclobutatropone 545.
Scheme 98: Generation and trapping of symmetric benzocyclobutatropone 536.
Scheme 99: Synthesis of chloro-benzocyclobutatropone 552 and proposed mechanism of fluorenone derivatives.
Scheme 100: Synthesis of tropolone analogue 559.
Scheme 101: Synthesis of tropolones 561 and 562.
Figure 35: o/p-Tropoquinone rings (563 and 564) and benzotropoquinones (565–567).
Scheme 102: Synthesis of benzotropoquinone 566.
Scheme 103: Synthesis of benzotropoquinone 567 via a Diels–Alder reaction.
Figure 36: Products 575–577 through 1,2,3-benzotropoquinone hydrate 569.
Scheme 104: Structures 578–582 prepared from tropoquinone 567.
Figure 37: Two possible structures 583 and 584 for dibenzotropoquinone, and precursor compound 585 for 583.
Scheme 105: Synthesis of saddle-shaped ketone 592 using dibenzotropoquinone 584.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1087–1094, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.94
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Hypervalent iodine(III)-induced benzylic C–H functionalization for oxidative coupling with carboxyl...
Scheme 2: Radical reactivities of the I(III)–Br bond generated from PIDA.
Scheme 3: Benzylic C–H carboxylations by the iodosobenzene/NaBr system.
Scheme 4: Outline of the proposed reaction mechanism for the PIDA/NaBr system.
Scheme 5: Reaction of benzyl bromide 2h’ under radical C–H acetoxylation conditions.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1051–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.93
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: A figure showing the hydrogen bonding patterns observed in (a) duplex (b) triplex and (c) quadruple...
Figure 2: (a) Portions of MATα1–MATα2 are shown contacting the minor groove of the DNA substrate. Key arginin...
Figure 3: Chemical structures of naturally occurring and synthetic hybrid minor groove binders.
Figure 4: Synthetic structural analogs of distamycin A by replacing one or more pyrrole rings with other hete...
Figure 5: Pictorial representation of the binding model of pyrrole–imidazole (Py/Im) polyamides based on the ...
Figure 6: Chemical structures of synthetic “hairpin” pyrrole–imidazole (Py/Im) conjugates.
Figure 7: (a) Minor groove complex formation between DNA duplex and 8-ring cyclic Py/Im polyamide (conjugate ...
Figure 8: Telomere-targeting tandem hairpin Py/Im polyamides 23 and 24 capable of recognizing >10 base pairs; ...
Figure 9: Representative examples of recently developed DNA minor groove binders.
Figure 10: Chemical structures of bisbenzamidazoles Hoechst 33258 and 33342 and their synthetic structural ana...
Figure 11: Chemical structures of bisamidines such as diminazene, DAPI, pentamidine and their synthetic struct...
Figure 12: Representative examples of recently developed bisamidine derivatives.
Figure 13: Chemical structures of chromomycin, mithramycin and their synthetic structural analogs 91 and 92.
Figure 14: Chemical structures of well-known naturally occurring DNA binding intercalators.
Figure 15: Naturally occurring indolocarbazole rebeccamycin and its synthetic analogs.
Figure 16: Representative examples of naturally occurring and synthetic derivatives of DNA intercalating agent...
Figure 17: Several recent synthetic varieties of DNA intercalators.
Figure 18: Aminoglycoside (neomycin)–Hoechst 33258/intercalator conjugates.
Figure 19: Chemical structures of triazole linked neomycin dimers and neomycin–bisbenzimidazole conjugates.
Figure 20: Representative examples of naturally occurring and synthetic analogs of DNA binding alkylating agen...
Figure 21: Chemical structures of naturally occurring and synthetic analogs of pyrrolobenzodiazepines.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 747–755, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.63
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Structures of the studied hydroxyflavone derivatives.
Figure 2: Optimized geometries for (a) DEHF∙ATP, (b) UHF∙ATP with the adenine of ATP “sandwiched” between the...
Scheme 1: Synthesis of UHF. (i) 4-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, DMF, NaOMe, rt, 17 h, (ii) hydrogen peroxide, Na...
Figure 3: Variation of fluorescence spectra of UHF (1.0 μM) upon addition of increasing amounts of ATP in 0.0...
Figure 4: Excitation spectra of UHF (dark green line, 1 μM) and UHF + 300 equiv ATP (red line), measured at d...
Figure 5: Fluorescence enhancement (F/F0) values of UHF (1.0 μM) upon addition of different nucleotides at 54...
Figure 6: Ratio of the fluorescence intensities at 540 nm, the samples were excited at 470 and 400 nm. The re...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 716–733, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.61
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Assembly of catalyst-functionalized amphiphilic block copolymers into polymer micelles and vesicles...
Scheme 1: C–N bond formation under micellar catalyst conditions, no organic solvent involved. Adapted from re...
Scheme 2: Suzuki−Miyaura couplings with, or without, ppm Pd. Conditions: ArI 0.5 mmol 3a, Ar’B(OH)2 (0.75–1.0...
Figure 2: PQS (4a), PQS attached proline catalyst 4b. Adapted from reference [26]. Copyright 2012 American Chemic...
Figure 3: 3a) Schematic representation of a Pickering emulsion with the enzyme in the water phase (i), or wit...
Scheme 3: Cascade reaction with GOx and Myo. Adapted from reference [82].
Figure 4: Cross-linked polymersomes with Cu(OTf)2 catalyst. Reprinted with permission from [15].
Figure 5: Schematic representation of enzymatic polymerization in polymersomes. (A) CALB in the aqueous compa...
Figure 6: Representation of DSN-G0. Reprinted with permission from [100].
Figure 7: The multivalent esterase dendrimer 5 catalyzes the hydrolysis of 8-acyloxypyrene 1,3,6-trisulfonate...
Figure 8: Conversion of 4-NP in five successive cycles of reduction, catalyzed by Au@citrate, Au@PEG and Au@P...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 709–715, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.60
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Cobalt–NHC-catalyzed C–H alkenylation reactions with alkenyl electrophiles.
Scheme 2: Reaction of substituted pivalophenone N–H imines with 2a. aThe major regioisomer is shown (rr = reg...
Scheme 3: Reaction of 1a with various alkenyl phosphates. aA mixture of E- and Z-alkenyl phosphate (ca. 1:1) ...
Scheme 4: The cyclization of o-alkenylpivalophenone N–H imine.
Scheme 5: Proposed catalytic cycle (R = t-BuCH2, R' = P(O)(OEt)2).
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 697–703, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.58
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Enzymatic reaction schemes for the selective oxidation of trans-hex-2-enol. A: Alcohol dehydrogenas...
Figure 1: Michaelis–Menten kinetics of the PeAAOx-catalysed oxidation of trans-hex-2-enol. Conditions: 50 mM ...
Figure 2: The influence of the residence time on the conversion of trans-hex-2-enol (red squares) to trans-2-...
Figure 3: Increasing the PeAAOx turnover numbers (TN) by increasing the residence time. Conditions: 6 mL flow...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 499–505, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.35
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Cross dehydrogenative coupling of N-arylglycine esters with C–H nucleophiles.
Scheme 2: Electrochemical CDC reaction of 2a and various N-arylglycine esters. Reaction conditions for the in...
Scheme 3: Scope of 2 using n-Bu4NI as mediator. Reaction conditions:1a (0.5 mmol), 2 (0.6 mmol), n-Bu4NI (30 ...
Scheme 4: Scaling up.
Scheme 5: Control experiments.
Scheme 6: A plausible mechanism for the electrocatalytic cross dehydrogenative coupling of N-arylglycine este...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.28
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Preparation of fully protected trinucleotides in solution (A), on solid phase (B) and on soluble po...
Figure 2: Strategies for trinucleotide synthesis using different pairs of orthogonal groups for protection of...
Figure 3: Strategy for the synthesis of nucleotide dimers and extension to the trimer in either 5'- or 3'-dir...
Figure 4: Removal of the 3'-O-protecting group under conditions that leave all other protecting groups at 5'-...
Figure 5: Release of trinucleotide blocks from the solid support by cleavage of an oxalyl anchor (A) and by a...
Figure 6: Release of the trinucleotide from the support under reductive conditions.
Figure 7: Phosphitylation of trimers. Reaction conditions, in particular the choice of the phosphitylation re...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 345–353, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.22
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: One-pot preparation of 4-aryl-3-bromocoumarins 3 from 3-aryl-2-propynoic acids 1 with diphenyliodon...
Scheme 2: One-pot preparation of 3-bromo-4-phenylcoumarins 3a from 3-phenyl-2-propynoic acid (1a) with daryli...
Scheme 3: Derivatization of 3-bromo-4-phenylcoumarin.
Figure 1: ORTEP of 3-bromo-7-chloro-4-phenylcoumarin (3Da).
Scheme 4: Possible reaction pathway.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 203–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.15
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Selected examples of drugs with fused pyrazole rings.
Figure 2: Typical structures of some fused pyrazoloazines from 5-aminopyrazoles.
Scheme 1: Regiospecific synthesis of 4 and 6-trifluoromethyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 2: Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-6-carboxylates.
Scheme 3: Synthesis of 1,4,6-triaryl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines with ionic liquid .
Scheme 4: Synthesis of coumarin-based isomeric tetracyclic pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 5: Synthesis of 6-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines under Heck conditions.
Scheme 6: Microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 7: Acid-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via enaminones.
Scheme 8: Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines via aza-Diels–Alder reaction.
Scheme 9: Synthesis of macrocyclane fused pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives.
Scheme 10: Three-component synthesis of 4,7-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives.
Scheme 11: Ultrasonicated synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine]-2,6'(1'H)-diones.
Scheme 12: Synthesis of spiro[indoline-3,4'-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine] derivatives under conventional heating co...
Scheme 13: Nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-spiroindolinones.
Scheme 14: Microwave-assisted multicomponent synthesis of spiropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 15: Unexpected synthesis of naphthoic acid-substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 16: Multicomponent synthesis of variously substituted pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives.
Scheme 17: Three-component synthesis of 4,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines and pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 18: Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-spirocycloalkanediones.
Scheme 19: Ultrasound-mediated three-component synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 20: Multicomponent synthesis of 4-aryl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-4,6,8,9-tetrahydropyrazolo [3,4-b]thiopyrano[4...
Scheme 21: Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrochromeno[4,3-d]pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-1,6-diones.
Scheme 22: FeCl3-catalyzed synthesis of o-hydroxyphenylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives.
Scheme 23: Ionic liquid-mediated synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 24: Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 25: Multicomponent synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carbonitriles.
Scheme 26: Unusual domino synthesis of 4,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-nitriles.
Scheme 27: Synthesis of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines under conventional heating and ultrasou...
Scheme 28: L-Proline-catalyzed synthesis of of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine.
Scheme 29: Microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-aminoarylpyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines.
Scheme 30: Microwave-assisted multi-component synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-e]indolizines.
Scheme 31: Synthesis of fluoropropynyl and fluoroalkyl substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine.
Scheme 32: Acid-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives.
Scheme 33: Chemoselective and regiospecific synthesis of 2-(3-methylpyrazol-1’-yl)-5-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyri...
Scheme 34: Regioselective synthesis of 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 35: Microwave-assisted synthesis of 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine carboxylates.
Scheme 36: Microwave and ultrasound-assisted synthesis of 7-trifluoromethylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 37: Base-catalyzed unprecedented synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines via C–C bond cleavage.
Scheme 38: Synthesis of aminobenzothiazole/piperazine linked pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 39: Synthesis of aminoalkylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-amines.
Scheme 40: Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines from condensation of 5-aminopyrazole 126 and ethyl acetoace...
Scheme 41: Synthesis of 7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 42: Unexpected synthesis of 7-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines under solvent free and solvent-mediated c...
Scheme 43: Synthesis of N-(4-aminophenyl)-7-aryloxypyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-5-amines.
Scheme 44: Base-catalyzed synthesis of 5,7-diarylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 45: Synthesis of 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines in PEG-400.
Scheme 46: Synthesis of 7-heteroarylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxamides.
Scheme 47: Synthesis of 7-heteroarylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives under conventional heating and micro...
Scheme 48: Synthesis of N-aroylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-5-amines.
Scheme 49: Regioselective synthesis of ethyl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-7-carboxylate.
Scheme 50: Sodium methoxide-catalyzed synthesis of 3-cyano-6,7-diarylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines.
Scheme 51: Synthesis of various pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives.
Scheme 52: Synthesis of hydrazinopyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine derivatives.
Scheme 53: Synthesis of N-arylidinepyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-5-amines.
Scheme 54: Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinyl-4-amines.
Scheme 55: Iodine-catalyzed synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidinones.
Scheme 56: Synthesis of ethyl 6-amino-2H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-4-carboxylate.
Scheme 57: Synthesis of 4-substituted-(3,6-dihydropyran-4-yl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines.
Scheme 58: Synthesis of 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-yl carboxamides.
Scheme 59: Synthesis of 5-(1,3,4-thidiazol-2-yl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine.
Scheme 60: One pot POCl3-catalyzed synthesis of 1-arylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-ones.
Scheme 61: Synthesis of 4-amino-N1,C3-dialkylpyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines under Suzuki conditions.
Scheme 62: Microwave-assisted synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines.
Scheme 63: Synthesis and derivatization of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5-carbonitriles.
Scheme 64: Synthesis of 2-thioxo-pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4-ones.
Scheme 65: Synthesis of 2,3-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazin-4(1H)-one.
Scheme 66: Synthesis of pyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine-8-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.
Scheme 67: Microwave-assisted synthesis of 4,7-dihetarylpyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines.
Scheme 68: Alternative synthetic route to 4,7-diheteroarylpyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines.
Scheme 69: Synthesis of 4-aryl-2-ethylthio-7-methylpyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazines.
Scheme 70: Microwave-assisted synthesis of 4-aminopyrazolo[1,5-a][1,3,5]triazine.
Scheme 71: Synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d][1,2,3]triazines from pyrazol-5-yl diazonium salts.
Scheme 72: Synthesis of 2,5-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-e][1,2,4]triazines.
Scheme 73: Synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines via diazopyrazolylenaminones.
Scheme 74: Synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines in presence of sodium acetate.
Scheme 75: Synthesis of various 7-diazopyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine derivatives.
Scheme 76: One pot synthesis of pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines.
Scheme 77: Synthesis of 4-amino-3,7,8-trinitropyrazolo-[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines.
Scheme 78: Synthesis of tricyclic pyrazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazines by azocoupling reaction.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 155–181, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.11
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Selected examples of pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds containing the trifluoromethyl group....
Scheme 1: Introduction of a diamine into copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides.
Scheme 2: Addition of a Lewis acid into copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides and the propose...
Scheme 3: Trifluoromethylation of heteroaromatic compounds using S-(trifluoromethyl)diphenylsulfonium salts a...
Scheme 4: The preparation of a new trifluoromethylation reagent and its application in trifluoromethylation o...
Scheme 5: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides using CF3CO2Na as a trifluoromethyl source.
Scheme 6: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides using MTFA as a trifluoromethyl source.
Scheme 7: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides using CF3CO2K as a trifluoromethyl source.
Scheme 8: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides and heteroaryl bromides using [Cu(phen)(O2CCF3)] as a trifluor...
Scheme 9: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides with DFPB and the proposed mechanism.
Scheme 10: Trifluoromethylation of aryl iodides using TCDA as a trifluoromethyl source. Reaction conditions: [...
Scheme 11: The mechanism of trifluoromethylation using Cu(II)(O2CCF2SO2F)2 as a trifluoromethyl source.
Scheme 12: Trifluoromethylation of benzyl bromide reported by Shibata’s group.
Scheme 13: Trifluoromethylation of allylic halides and propargylic halides reported by the group of Nishibayas...
Scheme 14: Trifluoromethylation of propargylic halides reported by the group of Nishibayashi.
Scheme 15: Trifluoromethylation of alkyl halides reported by Nishibayashi’s group.
Scheme 16: Trifluoromethylation of pinacol esters reported by the group of Gooßen.
Scheme 17: Trifluoromethylation of primary and secondary alkylboronic acids reported by the group of Fu.
Scheme 18: Trifluoromethylation of boronic acid derivatives reported by the group of Liu.
Scheme 19: Trifluoromethylation of organotrifluoroborates reported by the group of Huang.
Scheme 20: Trifluoromethylation of aryl- and vinylboronic acids reported by the group of Shibata.
Scheme 21: Trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids via the merger of photoredox and Cu catalysis.
Scheme 22: Trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids reported by Sanford’s group. Isolated yield. aYields dete...
Scheme 23: Trifluoromethylation of arylboronic acids and vinylboronic acids reported by the group of Beller. Y...
Scheme 24: Copper-mediated Sandmeyer type trifluoromethylation using Umemoto’s reagent as a trifluoromethylati...
Scheme 25: Copper-mediated Sandmeyer type trifluoromethylation using TMSCF3 as a trifluoromethylation reagent ...
Scheme 26: One-pot Sandmeyer trifluoromethylation reported by the group of Gooßen.
Scheme 27: Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of arenediazonium salts in aqueous media.
Scheme 28: Copper-mediated Sandmeyer trifluoromethylation using Langlois’ reagent as a trifluoromethyl source ...
Scheme 29: Trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes reported by the group of Liu.
Scheme 30: Trifluoromethylation of terminal alkenes reported by the group of Wang.
Scheme 31: Trifluoromethylation of tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives reported by Li and the proposed mechanis...
Scheme 32: Trifluoromethylation of phenol derivatives reported by the group of Hamashima.
Scheme 33: Trifluoromethylation of hydrazones reported by the group of Baudoin and the proposed mechanism.
Scheme 34: Trifluoromethylation of benzamides reported by the group of Tan.
Scheme 35: Trifluoromethylation of heteroarenes and electron-deficient arenes reported by the group of Qing an...
Scheme 36: Trifluoromethylation of N-aryl acrylamides using CF3SO2Na as a trifluoromethyl source.
Scheme 37: Trifluoromethylation of aryl(heteroaryl)enol acetates using CF3SO2Na as the source of CF3 and the p...
Scheme 38: Trifluoromethylation of imidazoheterocycles using CF3SO2Na as a trifluoromethyl source and the prop...
Scheme 39: Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes using TMSCF3 as a trifluoromethyl source a...
Scheme 40: Improved copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes reported by the group of Qing.
Scheme 41: Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes reported by the group of Qing.
Scheme 42: Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes using Togni’s reagent and the proposed me...
Scheme 43: Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of terminal alkynes using Umemoto’s reagent reported by the g...
Scheme 44: Copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of 3-arylprop-1-ynes reported by Xiao and Lin and the propose...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 54–83, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.4
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: General overview over the sulfur-based substrates and reactive intermediates that are discussed in ...
Scheme 2: Photoredox-catalyzed radical thiol–ene reaction, applying [Ru(bpz)3](PF6)2 as photocatalyst.
Scheme 3: Photoredox-catalyzed thiol–ene reaction of aliphatic thiols with alkenes enabled by aniline derivat...
Scheme 4: Photoredox-catalyzed radical thiol–ene reaction for the postfunctionalization of polymers (a) and n...
Scheme 5: Photoredox-catalyzed thiol–ene reaction enabled by bromotrichloromethane as redox additive.
Scheme 6: Photoredox-catalyzed preparation of β-ketosulfoxides with Eosin Y as organic dye as photoredox cata...
Scheme 7: Greaney’s photocatalytic radical thiol–ene reaction, applying TiO2 nanoparticles as photocatalyst.
Scheme 8: Fadeyi’s photocatalytic radical thiol–ene reaction, applying Bi2O3 as photocatalyst.
Scheme 9: Ananikov’s photocatalytic radical thiol-yne reaction, applying Eosin Y as photocatalyst.
Scheme 10: Organocatalytic visible-light photoinitiated thiol–ene coupling, applying phenylglyoxylic acid as o...
Scheme 11: Xia’s photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted benzothiophenes, applying 9-mesityl-10-me...
Scheme 12: Wang’s metal-free photoredox-catalyzed radical thiol–ene reaction, applying 9-mesityl-10-methylacri...
Scheme 13: Visible-light benzophenone-catalyzed metal- and oxidant-free radical thiol–ene reaction.
Scheme 14: Visible-light catalyzed C-3 sulfenylation of indole derivatives using Rose Bengal as organic dye.
Scheme 15: Photocatalyzed radical thiol–ene reaction and subsequent aerobic sulfide-oxidation with Rose Bengal...
Scheme 16: Photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of diaryl sulfides.
Scheme 17: Photocatalytic cross-coupling of aryl thiols with aryl diazonium salts, using Eosin Y as photoredox...
Scheme 18: Photocatalyzed cross-coupling of aryl diazonium salts with cysteines in batch and in a microphotore...
Scheme 19: Fu’s [Ir]-catalyzed photoredox arylation of aryl thiols with aryl halides.
Scheme 20: Fu’s photoredox-catalyzed difluoromethylation of aryl thiols.
Scheme 21: C–S cross-coupling of thiols with aryl iodides via [Ir]-photoredox and [Ni]-dual-catalysis.
Scheme 22: C–S cross-coupling of thiols with aryl bromides, applying 3,7-bis-(biphenyl-4-yl)-10-(1-naphthyl)ph...
Scheme 23: Collin’s photochemical dual-catalytic cross-coupling of thiols with bromoalkynes.
Scheme 24: Visible-light-promoted C–S cross-coupling via intermolecular electron donor–acceptor complex format...
Scheme 25: Li’s visible-light photoredox-catalyzed thiocyanation of indole derivatives with Rose Bengal as pho...
Scheme 26: Hajra’s visible-light photoredox-catalyzed thiocyanation of imidazoheterocycles with Eosin Y as pho...
Scheme 27: Wang’s photoredox-catalyzed thiocyanation reaction of indoles, applying heterogeneous TiO2/MoS2 nan...
Scheme 28: Yadav’s photoredox-catalyzed α-C(sp3)–H thiocyanation reaction for tertiary amines, applying Eosin ...
Scheme 29: Yadav’s photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of 5-aryl-2-imino-1,3-oxathiolanes.
Scheme 30: Yadav’s photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane-2-thiones.
Scheme 31: Li’s photoredox catalysis for the preparation of 2-substituted benzothiazoles, applying [Ru(bpy)3](...
Scheme 32: Lei’s external oxidant-free synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles by merging photoredox and tra...
Scheme 33: Metal-free photocatalyzed synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles, applying Eosin Y as photocatalyst.
Scheme 34: Metal-free photocatalyzed synthesis of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, using Eosin Y as photocatalyst.
Scheme 35: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed preparation of benzothiophenes with Eosin Y.
Scheme 36: Visible-light-induced KOH/DMSO superbase-promoted preparation of benzothiophenes.
Scheme 37: Jacobi von Wangelin’s photocatalytic approach for the synthesis of aryl sulfides, applying Eosin Y ...
Scheme 38: Visible-light photosensitized α-C(sp3)–H thiolation of aliphatic ethers.
Scheme 39: Visible-light photocatalyzed cross-coupling of alkyl and aryl thiosulfates with aryl diazonium salt...
Scheme 40: Visible-light photocatalyzed, controllable sulfenylation and sulfoxidation with organic thiosulfate...
Scheme 41: Rastogi’s photoredox-catalyzed methylsulfoxidation of aryl diazonium salts, using [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 as ...
Scheme 42: a) Visible-light metal-free Eosin Y-catalyzed procedure for the preparation of vinyl sulfones from ...
Scheme 43: Visible-light photocatalyzed cross-coupling of sodium sulfinates with secondary enamides.
Scheme 44: Wang’s photocatalyzed oxidative cyclization of phenyl propiolates with sulfinic acids, applying Eos...
Scheme 45: Lei’s sacrificial oxidant-free synthesis of allyl sulfones by merging photoredox and transition met...
Scheme 46: Photocatalyzed Markovnikov-selective radical/radical cross-coupling of aryl sulfinic acids and term...
Scheme 47: Visible-light Eosin Y induced cross-coupling of aryl sulfinic acids and styrene derivatives, afford...
Scheme 48: Photoredox-catalyzed bicyclization of 1,7-enynes with sulfinic acids, applying Eosin Y as photocata...
Scheme 49: Visible-light-accelerated C–H-sulfinylation of arenes and heteroarenes.
Scheme 50: Visible-light photoredox-catalyzed β-selenosulfonylation of electron-rich olefins, applying [Ru(bpy)...
Scheme 51: Photocatalyzed preparation of β-chlorosulfones from the respective olefins and p-toluenesulfonyl ch...
Scheme 52: a) Photocatalyzed preparation of β-amidovinyl sulfones from sulfonyl chlorides. b) Preparation of β...
Scheme 53: Visible-light photocatalyzed sulfonylation of aliphatic tertiary amines, applying [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 ...
Scheme 54: Reiser’s visible-light photoredox-catalyzed preparation of β-hydroxysulfones from sulfonyl chloride...
Scheme 55: a) Sun’s visible-light-catalyzed approach for the preparation of isoquinolinonediones, applying [fac...
Scheme 56: Visible-light photocatalyzed sulfonylation/cyclization of vinyl azides, applying [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 as p...
Scheme 57: Visible-light photocatalyzed procedure for the formation of β-ketosulfones from aryl sulfonyl chlor...
Scheme 58: Zheng’s method for the sulfenylation of indole derivatives, applying sulfonyl chlorides via visible...
Scheme 59: Cai’s visible-light induced synthesis of β-ketosulfones from sulfonyl hydrazines and alkynes.
Scheme 60: Photoredox-catalyzed approach for the preparation of vinyl sulfones from sulfonyl hydrazines and ci...
Scheme 61: Jacobi von Wangelin’s visible-light photocatalyzed chlorosulfonylation of anilines.
Scheme 62: Three-component photoredox-catalyzed synthesis of N-amino sulfonamides, applying PDI as organic dye....
Scheme 63: Visible-light induced preparation of complex sulfones from oximes, silyl enol ethers and SO2.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Trifluoromethylation of enol acetates by Langlois.
Scheme 2: Trifluoromethylation of (het)aryl enol acetates.
Scheme 3: Mechanism for the trifluoromethylation of enol acetates.
Scheme 4: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of unactivated olefins and mechanistic pathway.
Scheme 5: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of acetylenic substrates.
Scheme 6: Metal free trifluoromethylation of styrenes.
Scheme 7: Synthesis of α-trifluoromethylated ketones by oxytrifluoromethylation of heteroatom-functionalised ...
Scheme 8: Catalysed photoredox trifluoromethylation of vinyl azides.
Scheme 9: Oxidative difunctionalisation of alkenyl MIDA boronates.
Scheme 10: Synthesis of β-trifluoromethyl ketones from cyclopropanols.
Scheme 11: Aryltrifluoromethylation of allylic alcohols.
Scheme 12: Cascade multicomponent synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles via azotrifluoromethylation of alkenes.
Scheme 13: Photocatalytic azotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with aryldiazonium salts and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 14: Copper-promoted intramolecular aminotrifluoromethylation of alkenes with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 15: Oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes with CF3SO2Na and hydroxamic acid.
Scheme 16: Manganese-catalysed oxytrifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives.
Scheme 17: Oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes with NMP/O2 and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 18: Intramolecular oxytrifluoromethylation of alkenes.
Scheme 19: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of styrenyl alkenes and unactivated aliphatic alkenes.
Scheme 20: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of electron-deficient alkenes.
Scheme 21: Hydrotrifluoromethylation of alkenes by iridium photoredox catalysis.
Scheme 22: Iodo- and bromotrifluoromethylation of alkenes by CF3SO2Na/I2O5 or CF3SO2Na / NaBrO3.
Scheme 23: N-methyl-9-mesityl acridinium and visible-light-induced chloro-, bromo- and SCF3 trifluoromethylati...
Scheme 24: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na / TBHP by Lipshutz.
Scheme 25: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/TBHP reported by Lei.
Scheme 26: Carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/(NH4)2S2O8.
Scheme 27: Metal-free carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/K2S2O8 reported by Wang.
Scheme 28: Metal-free carbotrifluoromethylation of N-arylacrylamides with CF3SO2Na/PIDA reported by Fu.
Scheme 29: Metal-free cascade trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of N-arylmethacrylamides (a) and enynes (b) wit...
Scheme 30: Trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of N-arylcinnamamides: Synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted dihydroquino...
Scheme 31: Trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of aromatic-containing unsaturated ketones.
Scheme 32: Chemo- and regioselective cascade trifluoromethylation/heteroaryl ipso-migration of unactivated alk...
Scheme 33: Copper-mediated 1,2-bis(trifluoromethylation) of alkenes.
Scheme 34: Trifluoromethylation of aromatics with CF3SO2Na reported by Langlois.
Scheme 35: Baran’s oxidative C–H trifluoromethylation of heterocycles.
Scheme 36: Trifluoromethylation of acetanilides and anilines.
Scheme 37: Trifluoromethylation of heterocycles in water.
Scheme 38: Trifluoromethylation of coumarins in a continuous-flow reactor.
Scheme 39: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of coumarins, quinolines and pyrimidinones.
Scheme 40: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of pyrimidinones and pyridinones.
Scheme 41: Phosphovanadomolybdic acid-catalysed direct C−H trifluoromethylation.
Scheme 42: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of imidazopyridines and imidazoheterocycles.
Scheme 43: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of imidazoheterocycles and imidazoles in ionic liquid/water.
Scheme 44: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of 8-aminoquinolines.
Scheme 45: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of various 8-aminoquinolines using the supported catalyst CS@Cu(OAc)2...
Scheme 46: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of the naphthylamide 70.
Scheme 47: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of various arenes in the presence of CF3SO2Na and sodium persulfate.
Scheme 48: Trifluoromethylation of electron-rich arenes and unsymmetrical biaryls with CF3SO2Na in the presenc...
Figure 1: Trifluoromethylated coumarin and flavone.
Scheme 49: Metal-free trifluoromethylation catalysed by a photoredox organocatalyst.
Scheme 50: Quinone-mediated trifluoromethylation of arenes and heteroarenes.
Scheme 51: Metal- and oxidant-free photochemical trifluoromethylation of arenes.
Scheme 52: Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates.
Scheme 53: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of aryl- and heteroarylboronic acids.
Scheme 54: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of aryl- and vinylboronic acids.
Scheme 55: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of unsaturated potassium organotrifluoroborates.
Scheme 56: Oxidative trifluoromethylation of (hetero)aryl- and vinyltrifluoroborates.
Scheme 57: Copper−catalysed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 58: Iron-mediated decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids.
Scheme 59: Cu/Ag-catalysed decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 60: I2O5-Promoted decarboxylative trifluoromethylation of cinnamic acids.
Scheme 61: Silver(I)-catalysed denitrative trifluoromethylation of β-nitrostyrenes.
Scheme 62: Copper-catalysed direct trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives.
Scheme 63: Transition-metal-free synthesis of β-trifluoromethylated enamines.
Scheme 64: I2O5-mediated iodotrifluoromethylation of alkynes.
Scheme 65: Silver-catalysed tandem trifluoromethylation/cyclisation of aryl isonitriles.
Scheme 66: Photoredox trifluoromethylation of 2-isocyanobiphenyls.
Scheme 67: Trifluoromethylation of potassium alkynyltrifluoroborates with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 68: N-trifluoromethylation of nitrosoarenes with CF3SO2Na (SQ: semiquinone).
Scheme 69: Trifluoromethylation of disulfides with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 70: Trifluoromethylation of thiols with CF3SO2Na/I2O5.
Scheme 71: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/(EtO)2P(O)H/CuCl/DMSO.
Scheme 72: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/(EtO)2P(O)H/TMSCl.
Scheme 73: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PPh3/N-chlorophthalimide.
Scheme 74: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 75: Electrophilic trifluoromethylsulfenylation by means of CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 76: Trifluoromethylsulfenylation of aryl iodides with in situ generated CuSCF3 (DMI: 1,3-dimethyl-2-imi...
Scheme 77: Pioneering trifluoromethylsulfinylation of N, O, and C-nucleophiles.
Scheme 78: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of (1R,2S)-ephedrine (Im: imidazole; DIEA: N,N-diisopropylethylamine).
Scheme 79: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of substituted benzenes with CF3SO2Na/CF3SO3H.
Scheme 80: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of indoles with CF3SO2Na/P(O)Cl3.
Scheme 81: Trifluoromethylsulfinylation of indoles with CF3SO2Na/PCl3.
Scheme 82: Formation of triflones from benzyl bromides (DMA: dimethylacetamide).
Scheme 83: Formation of α-trifluoromethylsulfonyl ketones, esters, and amides.
Scheme 84: Allylic trifluoromethanesulfonylation of aromatic allylic alcohols.
Scheme 85: Copper-catalysed couplings of aryl iodonium salts with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 86: Palladium-catalysed trifluoromethanesulfonylation of aryl triflates and chlorides with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 87: Copper-catalysed coupling of arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 88: Synthesis of phenyltriflone via coupling of benzyne with CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 89: Synthesis of 1-trifluoromethanesulfonylcyclopentenes from 1-alkynyl-λ3-bromanes and CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 90: One-pot synthesis of functionalised vinyl triflones.
Scheme 91: Regioselective synthesis of vinyltriflones from styrenes.
Scheme 92: Trifluoromethanesulfonylation of alkynyl(phenyl) iodonium tosylates by CF3SO2Na.
Scheme 93: Synthesis of thio- and selenotrifluoromethanesulfonates.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2304–2309, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.226
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Phosphole-based tetracyclic heteroacenes.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of benzophospholo[3,2-b]indole 3.
Scheme 2: Chemical modifications of the phosphorus atom of 3.
Figure 2: ORTEP drawing of compound 3 (left) and 4 (right) with 50% probability. All hydrogen atoms are omitt...
Figure 3: UV–vis absorption (left) and normalized fluorescence emission (right, excitation at 335 nm) spectra...
Figure 4: The spatial plots of the HOMO and LUMO of compounds 3, 4, 7 and 9. The calculations were performed ...
Figure 5: The spatial plots of the selected molecular orbitals of compounds 5 and 6. The calculations were pe...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2023–2027, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.200
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Synthesis of 1-(tert-butylperoxy)-2-iodoethanes.
Scheme 2: Direct vicinal difunctionalization of alkenes. All reactions were carried out on a 2.0 mmol scale u...
Scheme 3: Possible reaction mechanism.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1982–1993, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.194
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Overview of the preparation of the nanocomposites based on iron oxide and polysaccharide.
Figure 2: XPS spectra of A: Fe2O3-PS4, B: Fe2O3-PS4-MNP and C: TiO2-Fe2O3-PS4 nanohybrids.
Figure 3: A and B: SEM and TEM images of TiO2-Fe2O3-PS4; C and D: SEM and TEM images of Fe2O3-PS4. E and F: S...
Figure 4: DRIFT spectra of A: TiO2-Fe2O3-PS4 and B: Fe2O3-PS4-MNP nanohybrids.
Scheme 1: Oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.
Figure 5: Conversion and selectivity of the oxidation of benzyl alcohol for the three catalytic systems.
Scheme 2: Microwave-assisted alkylation of toluene with benzyl chloride.
Figure 6: Conversion and selectivity of the microwave-assisted alkylation of toluene for the three catalytic ...
Scheme 3: Alkylation of toluene with benzyl chloride with conventional heating.
Figure 7: Conversion and selectivity of the alkylation of toluene with conventional heating for the three cat...
Figure 8: Reusability of the iron oxide/polysaccharide nanohybrids.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1932–1939, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.187
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: A previous and a new approach to arene-annelated sultams.
Scheme 2: Pd-catalyzed cyclization of (2-iodophenyl)sulfonamides 3 and 5.
Scheme 3: Preparation of 4-methoxybenzyl-protected methyl 2-(N-o-iodoarylsulfamoyl)acetates 8. Reagents and c...
Scheme 4: Synthesis of arene-annelated sultams 10 by Pd-catalyzed intramolecular arylation of a C–H acidic me...
Figure 1: Structure of methyl 5-chloro-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxylate-2,2-d...
Scheme 5: Palladium-catalyzed transformation of N-(2-iodophenyl)-N-(4-methoxybenzyl-benzylsulfonamide 12. Ar ...
Scheme 6: Palladium-catalyzed intramolecular arylation to yield a benzannelated six-membered sultam 21. Ar = ...
Scheme 7: An attempted and a successful removal of the PMB group from the sultam 10a.
Figure 2: Structure of methyl 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-(nitrooxy)-1,3-dihydrobenzo[c]isothiazole-3-carboxylate-2...
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1753–1769, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.170
Graphical Abstract
Scheme 1: Generally accepted ion-pairing mechanism between the chiral cation Q+ of a PTC and an enolate and s...
Scheme 2: Reported asymmetric α-fluorination of β-ketoesters 1 using different chiral PTCs.
Scheme 3: Asymmetric α-fluorination of benzofuranones 4 with phosphonium salt PTC F1.
Scheme 4: Asymmetric α-fluorination of 1 with chiral phosphate-based catalysts.
Scheme 5: Anionic PTC-catalysed α-fluorination of enamines 7 and ketones 10.
Scheme 6: PTC-catalysed α-chlorination reactions of β-ketoesters 1.
Scheme 7: Shioiri’s seminal report of the asymmetric α-hydroxylation of 15 with chiral ammonium salt PTCs.
Scheme 8: Asymmetric ammonium salt-catalysed α-hydroxylation using oxygen together with a P(III)-based reduct...
Scheme 9: Asymmetric ammonium salt-catalysed α-photooxygenations.
Scheme 10: Asymmetric ammonium salt-catalysed α-hydroxylations using organic oxygen-transfer reagents.
Scheme 11: Asymmetric triazolium salt-catalysed α-hydroxylation with in situ generated peroxy imidic acid 24.
Scheme 12: Phase-transfer-catalysed dearomatization of phenols and naphthols.
Scheme 13: Ishihara’s ammonium salt-catalysed oxidative cycloetherification.
Scheme 14: Chiral phase-transfer-catalysed α-sulfanylation reactions.
Scheme 15: Chiral phase-transfer-catalysed α-trifluoromethylthiolation of β-ketoesters 1.
Scheme 16: Chiral phase-transfer-catalysed α-amination of β-ketoesters 1 using diazocarboxylates 38.
Scheme 17: Asymmetric α-fluorination of benzofuranones 4 using diazocarboxylates 38 in the presence of phospho...
Scheme 18: Anionic phase-transfer-catalysed α-amination of β-ketoesters 1 with aryldiazonium salts 41.
Scheme 19: Triazolium salt L-catalysed α-amination of different prochiral nucleophiles with in situ activated ...
Scheme 20: Phase-transfer-catalysed Neber rearrangement.
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1670–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.162
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Representative bioactive heterocycles.
Scheme 1: The concept of oxidative dehydrogenation.
Scheme 2: IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of various heterocycles [31-34].
Scheme 3: Potential mechanism of IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles [31-34].
Scheme 4: IBX-mediated room temperature one-pot condensation–oxidative dehydrogenation of o-aminobenzylamines....
Scheme 5: Anhydrous cerium chloride-catalyzed, IBX-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of various heterocycles...
Scheme 6: Oxidative dehydrogenation of quinazolinones with I2 and DDQ [37-40].
Scheme 7: DDQ-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of thiazolidines and oxazolidines.
Scheme 8: Oxone-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of intermediates from o-phenylenediamine and o-aminobenzyl...
Scheme 9: Transition metal-free oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling.
Scheme 10: NaOCl-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation.
Scheme 11: NBS-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbolines.
Scheme 12: One-pot synthesis of various methyl(hetero)arenes from o-aminobenzamide in presence of di-tert-buty...
Scheme 13: Oxidative dehydrogenation of 1, 4-DHPs.
Scheme 14: Synthesis of quinazolines in the presence of MnO2.
Scheme 15: Selenium dioxide and potassium dichromate-mediated oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydro-β-carbol...
Scheme 16: Synthesis of substituted benzazoles in the presence of barium permanganate.
Scheme 17: Oxidative dehydrogenation with phenanthroline-based catalysts. PPTS = pyridinium p-toluenesulfonic ...
Scheme 18: Oxidative dehydrogenation with Flavin mimics.
Scheme 19: o-Quinone based bioinspired catalysts for the synthesis of dihydroisoquinolines.
Scheme 20: Cobalt-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of Hantzch 1,4-DHPs and pyrazolines.
Scheme 21: Mechanism of cobalt-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of Hantzch 1,4-DHPs.
Scheme 22: DABCO and TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of quinazolines and 4H-3,1-benzoxazines....
Scheme 23: Putative mechanism for Cu(I)–DABCO–TEMPO catalyzed aerobic oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroq...
Scheme 24: Potassium triphosphate modified Pd/C catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroisoqu...
Scheme 25: Ruthenium-catalyzed polycyclic heteroarenes.
Scheme 26: Plausible mechanism of the ruthenium-catalyzed dehydrogenation.
Scheme 27: Bi-metallic platinum/iridium alloyed nanoclusters and 5,5’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethyl-...
Scheme 28: Magnesium iodide-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolines.
Scheme 29: Ferrous chloride-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines.
Scheme 30: Cu(I)-catalyzed oxidative aromatization of indoles.
Scheme 31: Putative mechanism of the transformation.
Scheme 32: Oxidative dehydrogenation of pyrimidinones and pyrimidines.
Scheme 33: Putative mechanisms (radical and metal-catalyzed) of the transformation.
Scheme 34: Ferric chloride-catalyzed, TBHP-oxidized synthesis of substituted quinazolinones and arylquinazolin...
Scheme 35: Iridium-catalyzed oxidative dehydrogenation of quinolines.
Scheme 36: Microwave-assisted synthesis of β-carboline with a catalytic amount of Pd/C in lithium carbonate at...
Scheme 37: 4-Methoxy-TEMPO-catalyzed aerobic oxidative synthesis of 2-substituted benzazoles.
Scheme 38: Plausible mechanism of the 4-methoxy-TEMPO-catalyzed transformation.
Scheme 39: One-pot synthesis of 2-arylquinazolines, catalyzed by 4-hydroxy-TEMPO.
Scheme 40: Oxidative dehydrogenation – a key step in the synthesis of AZD8926.
Scheme 41: Catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of tetrahydroquinolines to afford bioactive molecules.
Scheme 42: Iodobenzene diacetate-mediated synthesis of β-carboline natural products.