Inhibition of peptide aggregation by means of enzymatic phosphorylation

• Kristin Folmert,
• Malgorzata Broncel,
• Hans v. Berlepsch,
• Christopher H. Ullrich,
• Mary-Ann Siegert and
• Beate Koksch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2462–2470, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.240

• ATP was prepared and used to dissolve lyophilized KFM6. PKA is the most studied and structurally well-characterized protein kinase, and it is known to have relatively broad substrate specificity due to its roles in the regulation of energy metabolism, growth, signal transduction, and apoptosis of

Organic chemistry meets polymers, nanoscience, therapeutics and diagnostics

• Vincent M. Rotello

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1638–1646, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.161

• external regulation [4]. I also took on a brutal project, focused on the synthesis of water-soluble analogs of Kemp's triacid. This project was a massive effort, with a huge number of reactions required to optimize the initial steps. We did, however, obtain the desired receptors and observe some

Beta-hydroxyphosphonate ribonucleoside analogues derived from 4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles as IMP/GMP mimics: synthesis and biological evaluation

• Tai Nguyen Van,
• Audrey Hospital,
• Corinne Lionne,
• Lars P. Jordheim,
• Charles Dumontet,
• Christian Périgaud,
• Laurent Chaloin and
• Suzanne Peyrottes

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1476–1486, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.144

• (cN-II), an enzyme involved in the regulation of purine nucleotide pools. NMR and molecular modelling studies showed that a few derivatives adopted similar structural features to IMP or GMP. Five derivatives were identified as modest inhibitors with 53 to 64% of cN-II inhibition at 1 mM. Keywords

Application of Cu(I)-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition for the design and synthesis of sequence specific probes targeting double-stranded DNA

• Svetlana V. Vasilyeva,
• Vyacheslav V. Filichev and
• Alexandre S. Boutorine

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1348–1360, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.128

• , so they were successfully used for both gene expression regulation and the synthesis of fluorescent probes for DNA imaging in fixed and live cells [1][2][3][8][9]. However, the length of the sequence recognized by the classical hairpin polyamides (5–6 base pairs) is much shorter than that for TFOs

Synthesis of a deuterated probe for the confocal Raman microscopy imaging of squalenoyl nanomedicines

• Eric Buchy,
• Branko Vukosavljevic,
• Maike Windbergs,
• Dunja Sobot,
• Camille Dejean,
• Simona Mura,
• Patrick Couvreur and
• Didier Desmaële

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1127–1135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.109

• radioactive labeling 3H,14C has been taken into profit to study the pharmacokinetics, the biodistribution and the metabolism of squalenoyl adenosine nanoparticles [22]. Nevertheless, the synthesis of labeled compounds is chemically challenging, expensive and submitted to drastic regulation rules. In addition

Antibiotics from predatory bacteria

• Juliane Korp,
• María S. Vela Gurovic and
• Markus Nett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 594–607, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.58

• biological function of this compound class [63]. Furthermore, the two EBPs were linked to the regulation of the myxovirescin pathway and motility. While HsfA acted as a repressor of the myxovirescin production, MXAN4899 could exert enhancing or inhibitory effects depending on the nutrition status of the

Art, auto-mechanics, and supramolecular chemistry. A merging of hobbies and career

• Eric V. Anslyn

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 362–376, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.40

• wine fraud may be a real-life application for the method. As has Rotello, we are taking our differential sensing work to the biological arena. Kinases are enzymes that are involved in cellular signaling and regulation. Monitoring their activity has commonly involved the creation of highly selective

Natural products from microbes associated with insects

• Christine Beemelmanns,
• Huijuan Guo,
• Maja Rischer and
• Michael Poulsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 314–327, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.34

• interaction and regulation mechanisms are likely to be more complex than previously expected. Defensive bacterial symbionts of insects Kaltenpoth and co-workers described one of the most intriguing examples of an insect–bacteria symbiosis and symbiont conferred protection [42][43][44]. Predatory females of

• in vitro analyses, but efforts should be directed towards identifying the presence and activity of candidate compounds in situ. The examination of bacterial secondary metabolisms and the respective small molecules secretome, can give insights into the up or down-regulation of (cryptic) biosynthetic

Simple activation by acid of latent Ru-NHC-based metathesis initiators bearing 8-quinolinolate co-ligands

• Julia Wappel,
• Roland C. Fischer,
• Luigi Cavallo,
• Christian Slugovc and
• Albert Poater

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 154–165, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.17

• nature [1][2], but exploiting similar strategies for synthetic catalysts is still in its infancy [3][4][5]. Prominent examples in catalytic polymerization [6][7] comprise the regulation of molecular weight by allosteric effects [8][9] or influencing the polymers’ microstructure upon changing the monomer

• pressure [10]. Such kind of regulation of the catalysts activity does not only comprise a switching on of a particular feature but also the switching off of this feature upon another (different) stimulus. A simpler but related concept is to turn a latent catalyst [11] or initiator (i.e., ideally a

Synthesis of cyclic N¹-pentylinosine phosphate, a new structurally reduced cADPR analogue with calcium-mobilizing activity on PC12 cells

• Ahmed Mahal,
• Stefano D’Errico,
• Nicola Borbone,
• Brunella Pinto,
• Agnese Secondo,
• Valeria Costantino,
• Valentina Tedeschi,
• Giorgia Oliviero,
• Vincenzo Piccialli and
• Gennaro Piccialli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 2689–2695, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.289

• synthetic building blocks towards the synthesis of biologically relevant compounds such as antiviral and antineoplastic drugs [3][4][5][6][7][8], antibiotics and antifungal agents [9][10][11]. Furthermore, several NNs act as potent second messengers involved in the regulation of key metabolic pathways [12

Synthesis of icariin from kaempferol through regioselective methylation and para-Claisen–Cope rearrangement

• Qinggang Mei,
• Chun Wang,
• Zhigang Zhao,
• Weicheng Yuan and
• Guolin Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1220–1225, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.135

• alternative access to icariin (1) and related compounds is demanded for large-scale production and practical application. Our interest in flavonoids with activities such as estrogen biosynthesis regulation and PDE inhibition, prompted us to seek for a practically synthetic approach to icariin. Previously our

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

• Marcus Baumann and
• Ian R. Baxendale

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1194–1219, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.134

• , regulation of many parameters such as heat and mass transfer, mixing and residence times are much improved over related batch processes. Advantageously the flow reactor configuration can also be readily customised to meet the specific demands of the reaction and the continuous processing requirements. The

Azobenzene-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II

• Leander Simon Runtsch,
• David Michael Barber,
• Peter Mayer,
• Michael Groll,
• Dirk Trauner and
• Johannes Broichhagen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1129–1135, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.127

• bicarbonate and a proton (Figure 1a, left) [1]. Despite its native purpose of pH and pressure regulation, its intrinsic esterase activity can be utilized to measure the catalytic activity by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl actetate (pNPA) to a phenolate, of which the product appearance can be observed

A new and convenient synthetic way to 2-substituted thieno[2,3-b]indoles

• Roman A. Irgashev,
• Arseny A. Karmatsky,
• Gennady L. Rusinov and
• Valery N. Charushin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1000–1007, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.112

• of Streptomyces albogriseolus and characterized by Kanbe et al. [2][3], has shown to exhibit a plant-growth-regulation activity (Figure 1). Furthermore, it has been reported that some thienoindoles are therapeutically agents for treating diseases of the central nervous system [4], potential

Regulation of integrin and growth factor signaling in biomaterials for osteodifferentiation

• Qiang Wei,
• Theresa L. M. Pohl,
• Anja Seckinger,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Elisabetta A. Cavalcanti-Adam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 773–783, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.87

• differentiation. It has been shown that integrins exert an extensive crosstalk with many growth factor receptors [16]. Integrin ligands actively participate in the regulation of growth factor-mediated signaling. Ligand–integrin interactions can induce ligand-independent partial activation of growth factor

• limited. As a result, cells are self-renewed without loss of phenotype [32]. In a recent study, how nanoscale clustering of integrin ligands alters the mechano-regulation of integrins has been revealed with the assistance of molecular tension fluorescence microscopy [33]. In the step of nascent adhesion

• –ligand interactions also activate a series of other biochemical signals, such as the Ras-ERK cascade, and PI3-K and Rho family proteins [37]. Another tyrosine kinase Src also appears to be important for the regulation of focal adhesion organization [38]. Both FAK and Src play an important role to

Multivalent dendritic polyglycerolamine with arginine and histidine end groups for efficient siRNA transfection

• Fatemeh Sheikhi Mehrabadi,
• Hanxiang Zeng,
• Mark Johnson,
• Cathleen Schlesener,
• Zhibin Guan and
• Rainer Haag

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 763–772, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.86

• (down regulation of GFP expression to 38%) was obtained by converting almost all primary amines on dPG to Arg and His with a 1:3 ratio. Moreover, by comparing the knockdown efficiency of dPG-13Arg (without any histidine functionality) with all the other vectors containing histidine, the critical role of

• transfection. At certain ratios of Arg to His (1:3) a multivalent cationic vector was obtained with comparable transfection efficiency to lipofectamine (down regulation of GFP expression to 37% at N/P ratio 40) and marginal cytotoxicity (cell viability ≥ 90% at N/P ratio 40). The efficiency of this new vector

IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf₂N ionic liquid

• Andrea P. Sandoval,
• Marco F. Suárez-Herrera and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.40

• proceeds mostly by anion incorporation during the p-doping process, but for [EMIM]Tf2N at 85 °C and [EMIM][OTf] at 25 °C the charge regulation occurs mainly via cation exchange. Our results show that, upon oxidation of the PEDOT films in [EMMIM]Tf2N both cations and anions are switched but more cations

Natural phenolic metabolites with anti-angiogenic properties – a review from the chemical point of view

• Qiu Sun,
• Jörg Heilmann and
• Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 249–264, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.28

• the regulation of cell functions, including cell proliferation and cell transformation. Later, genistein was also found to act as an oestrogen receptor agonist [80]. The anti-angiogenic potential of genistein was first reported by Fotsis et al. in 1993 [81]. Then, further studies showed that genistein

Effects of RAMEA-complexed polyunsaturated fatty acids on the response of human dendritic cells to inflammatory signals

• Éva Rajnavölgyi,
• Renáta Laczik,
• Viktor Kun,
• Lajos Szente and
• Éva Fenyvesi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 3152–3160, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.332

• arthritis, asthma and inflammatory bowel diseases. Dendritic cells (DC) play a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and upon inflammatory signals they produce various soluble factors among them cytokines and chemokines that act as inflammatory or regulatory mediators. In this

• adipocytes, monocytes and dendritic cells. In contrast to small chain fatty acids they play a role in the regulation of body weight and glucose homeostasis, and when activated by omega-3 fatty acids, they support anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting inflammatory cytokine secretion via signaling through

• the GPR120 receptor This occurs with the assistance of the adapter protein β-arrestin-2 that directly associates with GPR120 [46]. To study the role of the GPR120 receptor in the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production we tested the immunomodulatory effects on DCs by monitoring its

Synthesis and characterization of a new photoinduced switchable β-cyclodextrin dimer

• Florian Hamon,
• Claire Blaszkiewicz,
• Marie Buchotte,
• Estelle Banaszak-Léonard,
• Hervé Bricout,
• Sébastien Tilloy,
• Eric Monflier,
• Christine Cézard,
• Laurent Bouteiller,
• Christophe Len and
• Florence Djedaini-Pilard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2874–2885, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.304

• reference. Measurements were performed at 300 K with careful temperature regulation. The length of the 90° pulse was approximately 7 μs. 1D NMR data spectra were collected using 16K data points. 2D experiments were run using 1K data points and 512 time increments. The phase-sensitive (TTPI) sequence was

Expanding the scope of cyclopropene reporters for the detection of metabolically engineered glycoproteins by Diels–Alder reactions

• Anne-Katrin Späte,
• Verena F. Schart,
• Julia Häfner,
• Andrea Niederwieser,
• Thomas U. Mayer and
• Valentin Wittmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2235–2242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.232

• ; metabolic oligosaccharide engineering; Introduction The glycan chains of glycoproteins and lipids have been shown to be involved in numerous biological recognition and regulation events [1]. Glycan research, especially the visualization of glycoconjugates in vitro and in vivo, has significantly profited

Application of cyclic phosphonamide reagents in the total synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules

• Thilo Focken and
• Stephen Hanessian

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1848–1877, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.195

• , which are divided into three groups I–III. Through binding of glutamate 161 (Figure 9), the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system, the mGluRs are activiated and participate in the regulation of synaptic transmission and neuronal excitability through a

Structure/affinity studies in the bicyclo-DNA series: Synthesis and properties of oligonucleotides containing bc^en-T and iso-tricyclo-T nucleosides

• Branislav Dugovic,
• Michael Wagner and
• Christian J. Leumann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1840–1847, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.194

• growing number of micro RNAs (miRNAs) that are involved in genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Their misregulation stays at the onset of various forms of cancer and other metabolic diseases, and targeting of such miRNAs with ASOs (antimirs or anatagomirs) has been shown in the recent

Towards allosteric receptors – synthesis of β-cyclodextrin-functionalised 2,2’-bipyridines and their metal complexes

• Christopher Kremer,
• Gregor Schnakenburg and
• Arne Lützen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 814–824, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.77

• processes. Multivalent [1][2] and cooperative binding [3][4][5] are two of the major concepts to ensure and control the efficiency in those events and the associated complex biochemical cascades following. In order to regulate several of their metabolical functions, a process named “allosteric regulation

Isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions towards cyclic constrained peptidomimetics

• Gijs Koopmanschap,
• Eelco Ruijter and
• Romano V.A. Orru

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 544–598, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.50