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Search for "continuous" in Full Text gives 521 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

A sustainable strategy for the straightforward preparation of 2H-azirines and highly functionalized NH-aziridines from vinyl azides using a single solvent flow-batch approach

  • Michael Andresini,
  • Leonardo Degannaro and
  • Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.20

Graphical Abstract
  • risks [6]. Recently, a variety of sustainable solvents has been therefore identified, and their use have been combined with those of enabling technologies. In this scenario, the development of continuous flow synthetic methodologies has found its fortune in the past two decades [7][8][9]. Several
  • ]. Similarly, Maurya developed a microfluidic photoreactor for the synthesis of a fused β-carboline from an α-ketovinyl azide and a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline (Scheme 1b) [30]. More recently, Kappe reported the generation of 2H-azirines under continuous flow conditions, and their transformation into
  • ]. Subsequently, the process was examined under continuous flow conditions employing a special integrated coil reactor with two different operating temperatures (see Supporting Information File 1). A solution of 1-(1-azidovinyl)-4-methylbenzene (1a, 0.25 M in CPME) was introduced, via a high pressure syringe pump
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Published 20 Jan 2021

Silver-catalyzed synthesis of β-fluorovinylphosphonates by phosphonofluorination of aromatic alkynes

  • Yajing Zhang,
  • Qingshan Tian,
  • Guozhu Zhang and
  • Dayong Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3086–3092, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.258

Graphical Abstract
  • introduction of two strong electron-withdrawing groups into double bonds has not yet been reported. With our continuous interest in, and inspiration from the well-established transition metal-catalyzed radical difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon–carbon bonds, specifically the work of Li’s group and
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Published 18 Dec 2020

Metal-free synthesis of biarenes via photoextrusion in di(tri)aryl phosphates

  • Hisham Qrareya,
  • Lorenzo Meazza,
  • Stefano Protti and
  • Maurizio Fagnoni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 3008–3014, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.250

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  • the presence of increasing amounts of TFE (up to 20% v/v, continuous line). Synthesis of biarenes via a) photogenerated triplet aryl cations and aryl radicals (PC = photocatalyst), b) intramolecular free radical ipso substitution, c) thermally catalyzed extrusion of CO and SO2, d) photoinduced
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Published 08 Dec 2020

Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities

  • Heiko T. Kiesewalter,
  • Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade,
  • Mikael L. Strube and
  • Ákos T. Kovács

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248

Graphical Abstract
  • incubated at 30 °C with continuous shaking (548 cpm, 2 mm), and the OD600 was measured in 15 min intervals over 24 h. All graphical visualisations were prepared using ggplot2 [79]. Overview of the NRPs surfactin, plipastatin, bacillibactin, and iturin as well as the hybrid NRP-PK bacillaene produced by
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Published 04 Dec 2020

Controlled decomposition of SF6 by electrochemical reduction

  • Sébastien Bouvet,
  • Bruce Pégot,
  • Stéphane Sengmany,
  • Erwan Le Gall,
  • Eric Léonel,
  • Anne-Marie Goncalves and
  • Emmanuel Magnier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2948–2953, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.244

Graphical Abstract
  • reactions were carried out in a single compartment with a conventional three-electrode arrangement: two platinum electrodes and one silver reference electrode, SRE (Figure 3). The electrolysis is performed at constant potential (−2.3 V vs Fc+/Fc) with a continuous supply of SF6 placed in a rubber balloon
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Published 01 Dec 2020

UV resonance Raman spectroscopy of the supramolecular ligand guanidiniocarbonyl indole (GCI) with 244 nm laser excitation

  • Tim Holtum,
  • Vikas Kumar,
  • Daniel Sebena,
  • Jens Voskuhl and
  • Sebastian Schlücker

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2911–2919, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.240

Graphical Abstract
  • tunable in the 210–350 nm UV region was employed. For the 266 nm laser excitation a continuous wave (CW) laser source (CryLaS GmbH, FQCW 266) was used. The UVRR spectrometer comprises a 50 cm focal length grating monochromator (Acton Research Corp., SpectraPro-500i, 2400 grooves/mm grating) equipped with
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Published 27 Nov 2020

Fluorine effect in nucleophilic fluorination at C4 of 1,6-anhydro-2,3-dideoxy-2,3-difluoro-β-D-hexopyranose

  • Danny Lainé,
  • Vincent Denavit,
  • Olivier Lessard,
  • Laurie Carrier,
  • Charles-Émile Fecteau,
  • Paul A. Johnson and
  • Denis Giguère

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2880–2887, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.237

Graphical Abstract
  • at C4 could contribute to a new fluorine effect in nucleophilic substitution. Finally, with the continuous objective of synthesizing novel multi-vicinal fluorosugars, we prepared one difluorinated and one trifluorinated alditol analogue. Keywords: deoxyfluorination; Et3N·3HF; fluorine effect
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Published 25 Nov 2020

Optical detection of di- and triphosphate anions with mixed monolayer-protected gold nanoparticles containing zinc(II)–dipicolylamine complexes

  • Lena Reinke,
  • Julia Bartl,
  • Marcus Koch and
  • Stefan Kubik

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2687–2700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.219

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  • initially changed color at a certain limiting concentration, indicating that the anions induced crosslinking and the formation of aggregates in which individual AuNPs were electronically coupled. We did not observe a continuous shift of the optical properties with the anion concentration, however, because
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Published 02 Nov 2020

Activation of pentafluoropropane isomers at a nanoscopic aluminum chlorofluoride: hydrodefluorination versus dehydrofluorination

  • Maëva-Charlotte Kervarec,
  • Thomas Braun,
  • Mike Ahrens and
  • Erhard Kemnitz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2623–2635, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.213

Graphical Abstract
  • generation of 4a and 4b after 24 hours reaction time at 70 °C. After 3 days at 70 °C, the transformation into the different products described above could be detected. Moreover, the continuous formation of FSiEt3 over time was observed for all reactions, which underlines the crucial role of the hydrogen
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Published 23 Oct 2020

Dawn of a new era in industrial photochemistry: the scale-up of micro- and mesostructured photoreactors

  • Emine Kayahan,
  • Mathias Jacobs,
  • Leen Braeken,
  • Leen C.J. Thomassen,
  • Simon Kuhn,
  • Tom van Gerven and
  • M. Enis Leblebici

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2484–2504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.202

Graphical Abstract
  • designing multiphase photoreactors, and this complicates the design even further [10]. Photoreactions are typically performed in batch reactors. With the process intensification efforts towards green chemistry approaches, continuous flow technologies, micro- and mesostructured flow photoreactors having
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Published 08 Oct 2020

Computational tools for drawing, building and displaying carbohydrates: a visual guide

  • Kanhaya Lal,
  • Rafael Bermeo and
  • Serge Perez

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2448–2468, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.199

Graphical Abstract
  • a continuous development and evolution of the description of monosaccharides [2]. Glycans are puzzles to many chemists, and biologists as well as bioinformaticians. This complexity occurs at different levels (which makes it incremental). Amongst the most recognisable “sugars”, glucose is merely one
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Published 02 Oct 2020
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  • reusable waste since it can be recycled in the same solvent extraction process via continuous pressurization and depressurization cycles. (8) A renewable energy source contribution of 35% (FRE = 0.35) was assigned, if the publication is dated on or after the year 2000 for reasons discussed earlier. (9
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Published 25 Sep 2020

The B & B approach: Ball-milling conjugation of dextran with phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized BODIPY

  • Patrizia Andreozzi,
  • Lorenza Tamberi,
  • Elisamaria Tasca,
  • Gina Elena Giacomazzo,
  • Marta Martinez,
  • Mirko Severi,
  • Marco Marradi,
  • Stefano Cicchi,
  • Sergio Moya,
  • Giacomo Biagiotti and
  • Barbara Richichi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2272–2281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.188

Graphical Abstract
  • the reaction conditions (i.e., high temperatures, inert atmosphere, control of pH of the media), and the continuous removal of water (i.e., Soxhlet extractor, Dean-Stark trap, molecular sieves) to drive the reaction to completion [22][23]. Finally, depending on the substrates, these reactions often
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Published 11 Sep 2020

Photosensitized direct C–H fluorination and trifluoromethylation in organic synthesis

  • Shahboz Yakubov and
  • Joshua P. Barham

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2151–2192, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.183

Graphical Abstract
  • to the 83% yield under the standard conditions. This reaction was also demonstrated in continuous flow under similar conditions [139]. 3.2 Polarity matching-guided unactivated C(sp3)–H fluorination 3.2.1 Synthetic applications: In another seminal paper, Tan and co-workers [198] discovered the
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Published 03 Sep 2020

Clustering and curation of electropherograms: an efficient method for analyzing large cohorts of capillary electrophoresis glycomic profiles for bioprocessing operations

  • Ian Walsh,
  • Matthew S. F. Choo,
  • Sim Lyn Chiin,
  • Amelia Mak,
  • Shi Jie Tay,
  • Pauline M. Rudd,
  • Yang Yuansheng,
  • Andre Choo,
  • Ho Ying Swan and
  • Terry Nguyen-Khuong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2087–2099, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.176

Graphical Abstract
  • inconsistency method with a cut-off threshold of 0.7, which was determined as achieving the same discrimination as manual classification on some test electropherograms. The data points presented to the clustering algorithm were an array of continuous signal intensities between migration time 2.9 and 4.1 (i.e
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Published 27 Aug 2020

A complementary approach to conjugated N-acyliminium formation through photoredox-catalyzed intermolecular radical addition to allenamides and allencarbamates

  • Olusesan K. Koleoso,
  • Matthew Turner,
  • Felix Plasser and
  • Marc C. Kimber

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.165

Graphical Abstract
  • 41; a radical propagation pathway through the reduction of 18 was discounted, as the reaction required continuous irradiation. To further support this mechanistic hypothesis, we used ESIMS to identify the formation of the conjugated N-acyliminium 14a. The addition of 18 to allenamide 15 under the Ir
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Published 12 Aug 2020

Synergy between supported ionic liquid-like phases and immobilized palladium N-heterocyclic carbene–phosphine complexes for the Negishi reaction under flow conditions

  • Edgar Peris,
  • Raúl Porcar,
  • María Macia,
  • Jesús Alcázar,
  • Eduardo García-Verdugo and
  • Santiago V. Luis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1924–1935, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.159

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  • , Janssen-Cilag, S.A., C/ Jarama 75A, Toledo, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.16.159 Abstract The combination of supported ionic liquids and immobilized NHC–Pd–RuPhos led to active and more stable systems for the Negishi reaction under continuous flow conditions than those solely based on NHC–Pd–RuPhos. The fine tuning
  • PdII. In this way, a “cocktail” of catalytic species, including molecular complexes, clusters and nanoparticles may be responsible for the catalytic activity [15]. In a continuous system, this can be accompanied by a significant leaching of the catalytic metal. In order to avoid a loss of activity by
  • under continuous flow conditions. Results and Discussion Scheme 1 summarizes the synthetic approach used for the preparation of the functionalized polymers considered in this work. A commercially available PS-DVB bead-type macroporous chloromethylated polymer 1 (Merrifield resin with 20% DVB and 1.2
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Published 06 Aug 2020

When metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization meets visible-light photocatalysis

  • Lucas Guillemard and
  • Joanna Wencel-Delord

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1754–1804, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.147

Graphical Abstract
  • photochemical reactions due to the inherent lack of scalability issues as a consequence of the Beer–Lambert law of absorption. Consequently, continuous-flow chemistry represents one of the few ways in which pharmaceutically relevant quantities of compounds can be synthesized through photoinduced transformations
  • ]. Targeting more sustainable protocols, a manganese catalyst was selected to trigger the coupling between an aryldiazonium salt and simple (hetero)aryls. A unique reactivity was obtained under irradiation with blue LEDs and a continuous-flow process allowed achieving higher reactivity. Under the optimized
  • heteroarene coupling partners. Indeed, furans, thiophenes, and pyrroles underwent selectively the non-directed C–H functionalization, delivering a diversity of heteroaryl–aryl coupling products. Remarkably, the continuous-flow technique rendered this transformation perfectly suited for large-scale and rapid
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Published 21 Jul 2020

Nonenzymatic synthesis of anomerically pure, mannosyl-based molecular probes for scramblase identification studies

  • Giovanni Picca,
  • Markus Probst,
  • Simon M. Langenegger,
  • Oleg Khorev,
  • Peter Bütikofer,
  • Anant K. Menon and
  • Robert Häner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1732–1739, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.145

Graphical Abstract
  • with radioactively labeled substrates, the use of fluorescently labeled probes offers several advantages, including the continuous monitoring of the transport and a better time resolution. For reasons of comparison, the α-configured ᴅ-mannose probe MPC-3 was synthesized in parallel. The
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Published 20 Jul 2020

One-pot synthesis of isosorbide from cellulose or lignocellulosic biomass: a challenge?

  • Isaline Bonnin,
  • Raphaël Mereau,
  • Thierry Tassaing and
  • Karine De Oliveira Vigier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1713–1721, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.143

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  • this reaction under continuous flow using two catalytic beds. Finally, we emphasize that mechanistic insights on the catalytic conversion of biomass-derived platform molecules are required to make this value chain competitive with respect to the traditional synthesis of chemicals from fossil fuels. In
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Published 16 Jul 2020

Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

  • Cora Hertzer,
  • Stefan Kehraus,
  • Nils Böhringer,
  • Fontje Kaligis,
  • Robert Bara,
  • Dirk Erpenbeck,
  • Gert Wörheide,
  • Till F. Schäberle,
  • Heike Wägele and
  • Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132

Graphical Abstract
  • ribbons, and the associated sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Porifera), collected from Bunaken National Park (BNP, North Sulawesi, Indonesia). Nudibranchs and their egg ribbons revealed higher concentrations of the scalarane in comparison to the sponge, likely due to a continuous accumulation
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Published 03 Jul 2020

Mechanochemical green synthesis of hyper-crosslinked cyclodextrin polymers

  • Alberto Rubin Pedrazzo,
  • Fabrizio Caldera,
  • Marco Zanetti,
  • Silvia Lucia Appleton,
  • Nilesh Kumar Dhakar and
  • Francesco Trotta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1554–1563, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.127

Graphical Abstract
  • . Nanosponges, as a powder, could be used as excipients in tablets, capsules, suspensions and dispersions, and topical formulations [8]. The most common NS synthetic pathway consists in dissolving the chosen CD in a suitable solvent, under continuous stirring, and then adding the crosslinker followed by a
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Published 29 Jun 2020

Heterogeneous photocatalysis in flow chemical reactors

  • Christopher G. Thomson,
  • Ai-Lan Lee and
  • Filipe Vilela

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1495–1549, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.125

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  • Christopher G. Thomson Ai-Lan Lee Filipe Vilela Institute of Chemical Sciences, School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS Scotland, United Kingdom 10.3762/bjoc.16.125 Abstract The synergy between photocatalysis and continuous flow chemical reactors
  • irradiation. Herein, we review some important developments of heterogeneous photocatalytic materials and their application in flow reactors for sustainable organic synthesis. Further, the application of continuous flow heterogeneous photocatalysis in environmental remediation is briefly discussed to present
  • demonstrated the safe use of gaseous CF3I as a reagent for the continuous flow PRC trifluoromethylation of 5-membered heterocycles, such as N-methylpyrrole (1, Scheme 1), with a high conversion and selectivity for the monofunctionalised product 2 [62]. The system achieved full conversion for a variety of
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Published 26 Jun 2020

An overview on disulfide-catalyzed and -cocatalyzed photoreactions

  • Yeersen Patehebieke

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1418–1435, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.118

Graphical Abstract
  • -membered keto ester derivatives did not show any desired reaction. In combination with a continuous-flow strategy, this disulfide-catalyzed aerobic oxidation process can be scaled up to a gram-scale. A plausible mechanism of the reaction is shown in Scheme 11. The hydroxylation starts with the formation of
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Published 23 Jun 2020

Disposable cartridge concept for the on-demand synthesis of turbo Grignards, Knochel–Hauser amides, and magnesium alkoxides

  • Mateo Berton,
  • Kevin Sheehan,
  • Andrea Adamo and
  • D. Tyler McQuade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1343–1356, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.115

Graphical Abstract
  • batch-to-batch variability. Tubular reactors of solid reagents combined with solution-phase reagents enable the continuous-flow preparation of organomagnesium reagents. The use of stratified packed-bed columns of magnesium metal and lithium chloride for the synthesis of highly concentrated turbo
  • , most probably due to the disaggregation of oligomers [43][44]. We used this approach to overcome the solubility issue under continuous conditions. First, we verified that similar results are achieved in presence and absence of LiCl in solution for the EtMgBr formation (Section 2.2, Supporting
  • continuous and stable generation of iPrMgCl⋅LiCl (≈100 mmol) in the steady state under similar ODR prototype conditions. A certain volume of the starting material solution (6 mL) was discarded to prevent the dilution of iPrMgCl⋅LiCl at the beginning and at the end of the experiment due to solvent diffusion
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Published 19 Jun 2020
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