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Search for "control" in Full Text gives 1522 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

Preparing a liquid crystalline dispersion of carbon nanotubes with high aspect ratio

  • Keiko Kojima,
  • Nodoka Kosugi,
  • Hirokuni Jintoku,
  • Kazufumi Kobashi and
  • Toshiya Okazaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 52–58, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.7

Graphical Abstract
  • ratio, the order parameter obtained from the film is comparable to that from SWCNTs with lower aspect ratios. This finding implies that precise control of the film formation process, including a proper selection of substrate and deposition/drying steps, is crucial to maximize the CNT-LC utilization
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Published 11 Jan 2024

Facile access to pyridinium-based bent aromatic amphiphiles: nonionic surface modification of nanocarbons in water

  • Lorenzo Catti,
  • Shinji Aoyama and
  • Michito Yoshizawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 32–40, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.5

Graphical Abstract
  • protons upon addition of HCl (40 equiv based on PA-Im; Figure 5a,b). These properties enabled a pH-responsive surface charge of its host–guest composite (Table 2). Accordingly, (PA-Im)n·(C60)m displayed a ZP of 60.3 mV at pH 2.8 contrary to 52.8 mV at pH 6.8 (ΔZP = +7.5 mV) [26]. Control experiments using
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Published 08 Jan 2024

NMRium: Teaching nuclear magnetic resonance spectra interpretation in an online platform

  • Luc Patiny,
  • Hamed Musallam,
  • Alejandro Bolaños,
  • Michaël Zasso,
  • Julien Wist,
  • Metin Karayilan,
  • Eva Ziegler,
  • Johannes C. Liermann and
  • Nils E. Schlörer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 25–31, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.4

Graphical Abstract
  • control online if their suggestion is correct. Building one’s own exercises The options presented before do not involve the entire potential of NMRium for teaching. Lecturers may want to include peak picking, or for example, for assignment purposes, ranges/zones picking and the possibility to link signals
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Published 05 Jan 2024

Identification of the p-coumaric acid biosynthetic gene cluster in Kutzneria albida: insights into the diazotization-dependent deamination pathway

  • Seiji Kawai,
  • Akito Yamada,
  • Yohei Katsuyama and
  • Yasuo Ohnishi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1–11, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.1

Graphical Abstract
  • regulator (cmaR), under the control of tipA promoter (Figure 2A). When we cultured S. albus-cma and analyzed its metabolites by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), formation of avenalumic acid was not observed. Instead, production of p-coumaric acid (5) was detected (Figure 2B and Figure S3A,D
  • Supporting Information File 1). The control strain of S. albus, which harbors two empty vectors, did not produce p-coumaric acid and compound 6, suggesting that they are the biosynthetic products of the cma cluster (Figure 2B). The yield of compound 6 decreased when cmaG was removed from S. albus-cma
  • insights into how highly reducing type II PKSs control starter substrate incorporation. The only difference between avenalumic acid and p-coumaric acid is the chain length. The CLF CmaA5 shows 35.4% identity to AvaA5, which is the lowest similarity score among Ava and Cma protein pairs (Table 1). This is
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Published 02 Jan 2024

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate as suitable solvent for BF3: the case of alkyne hydration. Chemistry vs electrochemistry

  • Marta David,
  • Elisa Galli,
  • Richard C. D. Brown,
  • Marta Feroci,
  • Fabrizio Vetica and
  • Martina Bortolami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1966–1981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.147

Graphical Abstract
  • commercially available BF3 diethyl etherate (BF3·Et2O), commonly used in organic synthesis. Indeed, the main advantages of the developed system are: 1) in situ generation of BF3, which avoids its storage and handling, 2) the possibility to control the amount of electrogenerated BF3 using current by simply
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Published 28 Dec 2023

Long oligodeoxynucleotides: chemical synthesis, isolation via catching-by-polymerization, verification via sequencing, and gene expression demonstration

  • Yipeng Yin,
  • Reed Arneson,
  • Alexander Apostle,
  • Adikari M. D. N. Eriyagama,
  • Komal Chillar,
  • Emma Burke,
  • Martina Jahfetson,
  • Yinan Yuan and
  • Shiyue Fang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1957–1965, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.146

Graphical Abstract
  • on an agar plate containing kanamycin and rhamnose. As shown in Figure 4, GFP was successfully expressed. As a negative control, a portion of the culture was also plated on an agar plate containing kanamycin but not rhamnose. As expected, fluorescence of GFP was not observed. The same gene expression
  • was found. As a control, ODNs of two colonies containing the GFP gene construct cultivated using commercial GFP gene were also submitted for Sanger sequencing. One sequence was correct. One had a dG-to-dA substitution error (see Supporting Information File 1 for sequence alignments). The sequencing
  • observed upon induction using rhamnose (Figure 4). Without rhamnose induction, no fluorescence was observed. The gene expression results were identical to those using the control 800 bp GFP gene from a commercial source. Therefore, the complete process from automated long ODN synthesis, ODN purification by
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Published 21 Dec 2023

Anion–π catalysis on carbon allotropes

  • M. Ángeles Gutiérrez López,
  • Mei-Ling Tan,
  • Giacomo Renno,
  • Augustina Jozeliūnaitė,
  • J. Jonathan Nué-Martinez,
  • Javier Lopez-Andarias,
  • Naomi Sakai and
  • Stefan Matile

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1881–1894, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.140

Graphical Abstract
  • control 12, a secondary Bingel amide in 13 caused a drop to A/D13/12 = 1.6. Similarly, low A/D14/12 = 1.5 for an ester in 14 supported that removal of the hydrogen-bond donor in 5 rather than steric constraints account for the decrease in anion–π catalysis. Elongation of the tether in the ester series 14
  • ammonium cation. Normalized against the fullerene-free control 18, an electron-withdrawing cyano group on the cyclopropane in 19 gave similarly poor A/D19/18 = 1.5. At constant tether length as short as possible, strong increases in anion–π catalysis were found by further minimizing entropy losses in
  • pseudo-macrocyclic transition states, bound non-covalently to both the active π surface and the ammonium cation of the tether. Normalized against the fullerene-free control 20, the most preorganized dyad 21 gave a new record A/D21/20 = 4.1. This value was much higher than the previous best A/D8/9 = 2.6
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Published 12 Dec 2023

Aromatic systems with two and three pyridine-2,6-dicarbazolyl-3,5-dicarbonitrile fragments as electron-transporting organic semiconductors exhibiting long-lived emissions

  • Karolis Leitonas,
  • Brigita Vigante,
  • Dmytro Volyniuk,
  • Audrius Bucinskas,
  • Pavels Dimitrijevs,
  • Sindija Lapcinska,
  • Pavel Arsenyan and
  • Juozas Vidas Grazulevicius

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1867–1880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.139

Graphical Abstract
  • -dicarbonitrile (430 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1 equiv) in methanol (70 mL) and diethyl ether (20 mL) and the mixture was stirred under Ar for 1 h (TLC control). Then, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and poured into water. The aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 × 50 mL), the combined
  • allowed precise control of the incident photon wavelength. To measure the photocurrent flowing in the circuit under illumination, a Keithley 6517B electrometer/high resistance meter was utilized, providing accurate and sensitive readings. An energy scan of the incident photons was performed by
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Published 12 Dec 2023

N-Boc-α-diazo glutarimide as efficient reagent for assembling N-heterocycle-glutarimide diads via Rh(II)-catalyzed N–H insertion reaction

  • Grigory Kantin,
  • Pavel Golubev,
  • Alexander Sapegin,
  • Alexander Bunev and
  • Dmitry Dar’in

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1841–1848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.136

Graphical Abstract
  • 3–5 h (TLC control). Meanwhile, the disappearance of the diazo reagent was considerably slower in the case of more basic heterocycles (pyrazoles, indolines, tetrahydroquinolines), taking anywhere from 16 to 24 hours, and in some cases (imidazole, 7-azaindazole, ethyl isonipecotate, hexamethylenimine
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Published 07 Dec 2023

Synthetic approach to 2-alkyl-4-quinolones and 2-alkyl-4-quinolone-3-carboxamides based on common β-keto amide precursors

  • Yordanka Mollova-Sapundzhieva,
  • Plamen Angelov,
  • Danail Georgiev and
  • Pavel Yanev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1804–1810, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.132

Graphical Abstract
  • ≤ 0.78 µg/mL for levofloxacin as the positive control. Conclusion In conclusion, we have demonstrated that β-keto amides and 2-nitrobenzoyl chloride can be used as convenient precursors to a variety of 4-quinolone derivatives. The described approach is realized in a small number of steps, under mild
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Published 23 Nov 2023

Selectivity control towards CO versus H2 for photo-driven CO2 reduction with a novel Co(II) catalyst

  • Lisa-Lou Gracia,
  • Philip Henkel,
  • Olaf Fuhr and
  • Claudia Bizzarri

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1766–1775, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.129

Graphical Abstract
  • complex [Cu(dmp)DPEPhos](BF4), well-investigated and used in several photocatalytic reactions [20][21][41], acting as a cost-effective benchmark photosensitizer. Herein, we present a study for the selectivity control of the novel Co(II) catalyst 1, aiming at maximizing the catalytic efficiency, and
  • 12.5%, the selectivity towards CO increased up to 40%. Nevertheless, H2 was still the major product. Thus, we decided to use triethylamine instead of TEOA, since a base is necessary for the reduction of CO2, as also demonstrated by control experiments (Supporting Information File 1, Table S4), where in
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Published 17 Nov 2023

Charge carrier transport in perylene-based and pyrene-based columnar liquid crystals

  • Alessandro L. Alves,
  • Simone V. Bernardino,
  • Carlos H. Stadtlober,
  • Edivandro Girotto,
  • Giliandro Farias,
  • Rodney M. do Nascimento,
  • Sergio F. Curcio,
  • Thiago Cazati,
  • Marta E. R. Dotto,
  • Juliana Eccher,
  • Leonardo N. Furini,
  • Hugo Gallardo,
  • Harald Bock and
  • Ivan H. Bechtold

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1755–1765, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.128

Graphical Abstract
  • was collected in continuous mode from 2° to 30° (2θ angle) at specific temperatures during the cooling down to room temperature. The temperature was controlled with a TCU2000-temperature control unit (Anton Paar). The absorbance spectra in solution and in spin-coated films were collected with an Ocean
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Published 16 Nov 2023

Quinoxaline derivatives as attractive electron-transporting materials

  • Zeeshan Abid,
  • Liaqat Ali,
  • Sughra Gulzar,
  • Faiza Wahad,
  • Raja Shahid Ashraf and
  • Christian B. Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1694–1712, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.124

Graphical Abstract
  • with fluorinated or chlorinated compounds, producing Qx14 and Qx15, respectively. This modification aimed to improve the device performance by enhancing aggregation control and optimizing the open-circuit voltage. The introduction of functional groups provided a strategic means to tailor the molecular
  • of structural modification, the introduction of various functional groups into Qx derivatives has allowed for the precise control of energy levels, bandgaps, and carrier transport properties. For instance, Sharma et al. fine-tuned the intermolecular charge transfer (ICT) transitions and emission
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Published 09 Nov 2023

Decarboxylative 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of amino acids for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds

  • Xiaofeng Zhang,
  • Xiaoming Ma and
  • Wei Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1677–1693, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.123

Graphical Abstract
  • Ar and CF3 groups can localize the negative charge and also provide steric effects to afford stereoselective cycloaddition products with 3:1 to 6:1 dr. The steric hindrance also prevents products 9 from undergoing a second cycloaddition. The control reactions of methyl ketone or benzaldehydes gave
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Published 06 Nov 2023

A series of perylene diimide cathode interlayer materials for green solvent processing in conventional organic photovoltaics

  • Kathryn M. Wolfe,
  • Shahidul Alam,
  • Eva German,
  • Fahad N. Alduayji,
  • Maryam Alqurashi,
  • Frédéric Laquai and
  • Gregory C. Welch

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1620–1629, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.119

Graphical Abstract
  • ethyl acetate, while using a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) comprised of PM6:Y6. High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13% were achieved compared to control devices using the standard PFN-Br CIL. Keywords: cathode interlayer materials; green solvent processing; organic photovoltaics; Introduction
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Published 26 Oct 2023

Radical chemistry in polymer science: an overview and recent advances

  • Zixiao Wang,
  • Feichen Cui,
  • Yang Sui and
  • Jiajun Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1580–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.116

Graphical Abstract
  • dissolved initiators in the liquid phase during the process. A suspending agent, e.g., polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), is added to the system to prevent coalescence. The viscosity in suspension polymerization is low throughout the process which brings good heat transfer and temperature control, and therefore well
  • radical polymerization is that a limited control of molecular weights and architectures can be achieved due to the slow initiation and rapid termination. In 1956, Szwarc coined the term “living polymerization” in an anionic system [27]. Since then, polymer chemists have been in pursuit for a comparable
  • successful nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP). In 1993, Georges et al. used benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as the initiator and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl (TEMPO) as the control agent. It was called a bicomponent initiating system containing both stable free nitroxide and a conventional thermal
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Published 18 Oct 2023

Lewis acid-promoted direct synthesis of isoxazole derivatives

  • Dengxu Qiu,
  • Chenhui Jiang,
  • Pan Gao and
  • Yu Yuan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1562–1567, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.113

Graphical Abstract
  • . It was found that the desired product could be obtained in 87% yield (Scheme 4). Next, some control experiments were carried out to study the reaction mechanism. We found that the reaction of compound 3a could not be inhibited by TEMPO and BHT under the standard conditions. Therefore, it is assumed
  • that the reaction is not a free radical reaction. Based on the control experiments and previous literature [21], we propose the following possible mechanism, which is shown in Scheme 5. Aluminum trichloride reacts with sodium nitrite to form an intermediate aluminum complex A, which is further
  • atmosphere, 90 °C, 24 h. Reaction substrate scope of quinolines. Conditions: 1a (0.1 mmol, 1 equiv), 2 (0.2 mmol, 2 equiv), AlCl3 (0.3 mmol, 3 equiv), NaNO2 (1 mmol, 10.0 equiv), DMAc (1.0 mL), N2 atmosphere, 90 °C, 24 h. Gram scale reaction. Control experiments and possible reaction mechanism. Optimization
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Published 16 Oct 2023

Synthesis and biological evaluation of Argemone mexicana-inspired antimicrobials

  • Jessica Villegas,
  • Bryce C. Ball,
  • Katelyn M. Shouse,
  • Caleb W. VanArragon,
  • Ashley N. Wasserman,
  • Hannah E. Bhakta,
  • Allen G. Oliver,
  • Danielle A. Orozco-Nunnelly and
  • Jeffrey M. Pruet

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1511–1524, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.108

Graphical Abstract
  • treatment. The mean percentage of viable cells normalized to the control (solvent alone) is shown with associated standard error (n = 4). Significance was determined using two-tailed T-test analysis, with a significance cutoff of P ≤ 0.05. All significant differences are designated with an asterisk and the
  • activity after treatment. The mean percentage of viable cells normalized to the control (solvent alone) is shown with associated standard error (n = 4). Significance was determined using two-tailed T-test analysis, with a significance cutoff of P ≤ 0.05. Only original chelerythrine (P < 0.001) was
  • determined to be significantly more potent than the methanol negative control. General route to berberine variants, displaying the numbering system for the berberine ring. Synthesis of new berberine variants. Reductive amination to a secondary amine was followed by cyclization with glyoxal to provide the
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Published 29 Sep 2023

N-Sulfenylsuccinimide/phthalimide: an alternative sulfenylating reagent in organic transformations

  • Fatemeh Doraghi,
  • Seyedeh Pegah Aledavoud,
  • Mehdi Ghanbarlou,
  • Bagher Larijani and
  • Mohammad Mahdavi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1471–1502, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.106

Graphical Abstract
  • pyrazolone derivatives with N-thiophthalimides catalyzed by 1 mol % of chiral iminophosphorane organocatalyst was carried out under mild conditions [103]. Solvent control in the procedure can affect the yield of products due to the solubility of the catalysts. Various solvents, such as acetone, ethyl acetate
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Published 27 Sep 2023

α-(Aminomethyl)acrylates as acceptors in radical–polar crossover 1,4-additions of dialkylzincs: insights into enolate formation and trapping

  • Angel Palillero-Cisneros,
  • Paola G. Gordillo-Guerra,
  • Fernando García-Alvarez,
  • Olivier Jackowski,
  • Franck Ferreira,
  • Fabrice Chemla,
  • Joel L. Terán and
  • Alejandro Perez-Luna

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1443–1451, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.103

Graphical Abstract
  • 5 and 8a in 77–88% yields, albeit as poorly selective mixtures of diastereoisomers. This lack of stereocontrol is not surprising, given the well-known difficulty to control the relative configuration between the two adjacent stereocenters created during aldol condensations with zinc enolates
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Published 21 Sep 2023

Application of N-heterocyclic carbene–Cu(I) complexes as catalysts in organic synthesis: a review

  • Nosheen Beig,
  • Varsha Goyal and
  • Raj K. Bansal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1408–1442, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.102

Graphical Abstract
  • reactive and difficult to isolate. The NHC–Cu complex also helps to control the regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reaction, which are of high importance in organic synthesis. Overall, the use of NHC–Cu complexes as catalysts for conjugate addition reactions offers a highly efficient and
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Published 20 Sep 2023

Consecutive four-component synthesis of trisubstituted 3-iodoindoles by an alkynylation–cyclization–iodination–alkylation sequence

  • Nadia Ledermann,
  • Alae-Eddine Moubsit and
  • Thomas J. J. Müller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1379–1385, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.99

Graphical Abstract
  • . The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C until complete conversion of the starting material (via TLC control). Potassium tert-butoxide (505 mg, 4.50 mmol) and 1.50 mL DMSO were then added and the reaction mixture was stirred for an additional 15 min. After cooling the reaction mixture to room
  • temperature, NIS (338 mg, 1.50 mmol) and 1.00 mL DMSO were added. After complete conversion (via TLC control), methyl iodide (639 mg, 4.50 mmol) was added and also stirred at room temperature for 5 min. Water was added to the mixture and the aqueous phase was extracted with dichloromethane. The combined
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Published 14 Sep 2023

Synthesis of ether lipids: natural compounds and analogues

  • Marco Antônio G. B. Gomes,
  • Alicia Bauduin,
  • Chloé Le Roux,
  • Romain Fouinneteau,
  • Wilfried Berthe,
  • Mathieu Berchel,
  • Hélène Couthon and
  • Paul-Alain Jaffrès

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1299–1369, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.96

Graphical Abstract
  • mild conditions the benzylation of the alcohol function to yield 7.3. Then, the removing of the tosyl group required a two-step sequence. First, 7.3 reacted with cesium acetate and then the resulting ester was reduced with LiAlH4 to produce 7.4 with control of its stereochemistry. Very recently, a new
  • , both enantiomers were reported. For the control of the chirality in position 2 of glycerol, (S)-solketal (17.1) was used as starting material to prepare first the hexadecylglycerol (R)-17.2 which was converted to its enantiomer following a five-step sequence (Figure 17A). First, tritylation and
  • ] but to the best of our knowledge, R. Berchtold reported in 1982 the first synthesis in large quantities with a control of the chirality at the sn-2 position (Figure 21) [116]. The synthesis starts from (S)-1,2-isopropylideneglycerol (21.1). The deprotonation of the primary alcohol with sodium amide
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Published 08 Sep 2023

Non-noble metal-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenation coupling (CDC) involving ether α-C(sp3)–H to construct C–C bonds

  • Hui Yu and
  • Feng Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1259–1288, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.94

Graphical Abstract
  • , radical detection, and other control experiments confirmed that the reaction proceeded through a radical oxidation process. The reaction of most substituted olefins with cyclic ethers afforded the corresponding target products with excellent yields, which provides a simple, novel, and efficient pathway to
  • afford allyl ethers. Alkyne C(sp)–H bonds are reactive, and the challenge in the cross-coupling of C(sp)–H and C(sp3)–H bonds is to control chemoselectivity. In this context, Liu et al. reported a Cu(I)/Ga(III)-catalyzed trityl ion-mediated direct CDC of the C(sp3)–H bond of THF with C(sp)–H bonds of
  • coordinated with metal catalysts to control the selectivity and improve the reactivity in metal-catalyzed or -mediated reactions. Therefore, controlling the regioselectivity of CDC reactions by directing groups is of great interest [95][96]. Li et al. reported a cobalt-catalyzed CDC between unactivated C(sp2
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Published 06 Sep 2023

Acetaldehyde in the Enders triple cascade reaction via acetaldehyde dimethyl acetal

  • Alessandro Brusa,
  • Debora Iapadre,
  • Maria Edith Casacchia,
  • Alessio Carioscia,
  • Giuliana Giorgianni,
  • Giandomenico Magagnano,
  • Fabio Pesciaioli and
  • Armando Carlone

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1243–1250, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.92

Graphical Abstract
  • process which involves two consecutives stereoselective reactions. The control of the diastereomeric ratio is, however, difficult to attain as demonstrated by an extensive screening and is always near 50:50 without significant deviations changing the reaction conditions. On the contrary, the use of
  • aldehydes other than acetaldehyde generates higher control [11]. It was previously shown that the first stereogenic center formed in the presented cascade process is formed with high control [17]. Therefore, the second carbon–carbon bond forming step, i.e., the organocatalyzed Michael addition of the
  • enantiomeric excesses. Unfortunately, the developed methodology is currently limited to aromatic substrates and the formation of one stereocenter is difficult to control, leading to a mixture of two diastereomers. Current efforts in our laboratories are addressing these challenges. Approaches based on the
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Published 24 Aug 2023
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