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Search for "formic acid" in Full Text gives 165 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Mutational analysis of a phenazine biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces anulatus 9663

  • Orwah Saleh,
  • Katrin Flinspach,
  • Lucia Westrich,
  • Andreas Kulik,
  • Bertolt Gust,
  • Hans-Peter Fiedler and
  • Lutz Heide

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 501–513, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.57

Graphical Abstract
  • selection of recombinant strains. Chemicals Kanamycin and carbenicillin were purchased from Genaxxon BioSciences GmbH (Biberach, Germany) and phenazine 1-carboxylic acid was from InFormatik. IPTG, Tris, NaCl, glycerol, dithiothreitol, MgCl2, formic acid, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyacrylamide, and EDTA were
  • extracts from supernatant and from mycelia were analyzed with HPLC (Agilent 1200 series; Waldbronn, Germany) by using an Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm; Agilent) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1 with a linear gradient from 40 to 100% of solvent B in 20 min (solvent A: water/formic acid (999:1
  • B in 15 min (solvent A: water/formic acid (999:1); solvent B: acetonitrile/formic acid (999.4:0.6)). Detection was carried out at 230, 260, 280, 360, and 435 nm. Electrospray ionization (positive and negative ionization) in Ultra Scan mode with capillary voltage of 3.5 kV and drying gas temperature
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Published 04 Apr 2012

Conserved and species-specific oxylipin pathways in the wound-activated chemical defense of the noninvasive red alga Gracilaria chilensis and the invasive Gracilaria vermiculophylla

  • Martin Rempt,
  • Florian Weinberger,
  • Katharina Grosser and
  • Georg Pohnert

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2012, 8, 283–289, doi:10.3762/bjoc.8.30

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  • UPLC–MS. UPLC solvent A (water-acidified with 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and 1% acetonitrile (v/v)); solvent B (acetonitrile). Gradient: 0 min at 0% B; 0.5 min 50% B; 5 min 100% B; 5.5 min 100% B; 6 min 0% B. Total ion counts are shown in Figure 1. Large-scale extraction. About 2 kg of G. vermiculophylla
  • % formic acid (v/v) and solvent B: methanol. Gradient: 0 min at 25% B; 18 min 60% B; 22 min to 80% B; 24 min to 100% B; 29 min at 100% B; 32 min 25% B). Further purification of metabolites 5 and 6 was performed by analytical HPLC (solvent A: water acidified with 0.1% formic acid (v/v) and 1% acetonitrile
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Published 21 Feb 2012

Synthesis and characterization of new diiodocoumarin derivatives with promising antimicrobial activities

  • Hany M. Mohamed,
  • Ashraf H. F. Abd EL-Wahab,
  • Ahmed M. EL-Agrody,
  • Ahmed H. Bedair,
  • Fathy A. Eid,
  • Mostafa M. Khafagy and
  • Kamal A. Abd-EL-Rehem

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1688–1696, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.199

Graphical Abstract
  • ice, acidified with HCl and recrystallized from ethanol [22]. 6,8-Diiodocoumarin-3-carbonyl chloride (3). Compound 2 (0.44 g, 10 mmol) was dissolved in dry benzene (40 mL), 2 mL of thionyl chloride was added and the solution was refluxed for 1 h. A few drops of formic acid were added to eliminate the
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Published 19 Dec 2011

Koch–Haaf reaction of adamantanols in an acid-tolerant hastelloy-made microreactor

  • Takahide Fukuyama,
  • Yu Mukai and
  • Ilhyong Ryu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1288–1293, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.149

Graphical Abstract
  • intermediates carried out in a continuous microflow system [22][23][24]. The Koch–Haaf reaction [25], that is the carbonylation of alcohols or olefins with formic acid in the presence of a strong acid, is an important reaction for the preparation of carboxylic acids, which are widely used in organic synthesis
  • carried out the batch reaction in a 50 mL glass flask on 4 mmol scale to give 2a in 92% yield. In the batch reaction, the careful addition of a solution of 1a in formic acid over a period of 5 min and cooling in an ice bath were necessary to achieve good results. Indeed, without a cooling bath, we
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Letter
Published 15 Sep 2011

Continuous gas/liquid–liquid/liquid flow synthesis of 4-fluoropyrazole derivatives by selective direct fluorination

  • Jessica R. Breen,
  • Graham Sandford,
  • Dmitrii S. Yufit,
  • Judith A. K. Howard,
  • Jonathan Fray and
  • Bhairavi Patel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1048–1054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.120

Graphical Abstract
  • concentration in the reaction media that are used for fluorination reactions, such as formic acid or acetonitrile, and/or rapidly convert from the keto to the enol form, will react rapidly and selectively with fluorine to give monofluorinated products in high yield. Conversely, substrates that have low enol
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Published 02 Aug 2011

A novel high-yield synthesis of aminoacyl p-nitroanilines and aminoacyl 7-amino-4-methylcoumarins: Important synthons for the synthesis of chromogenic/fluorogenic protease substrates

  • Xinghua Wu,
  • Yu Chen,
  • Herve Aloysius and
  • Longqin Hu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1030–1035, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.117

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  • performed on a Shimadzu LCMS 2010 system with Chromolith SpeedROD RP-18e column (50 × 4.6 mm) at 1 mL/min with a 10-min gradient of 10–90% acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) was performed on a Finnagen LTQ OrbiTrap mass spectrometer. Preparation of an
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Published 27 Jul 2011

Intramolecular hydroxycarbene C–H-insertion: The curious case of (o-methoxyphenyl)hydroxycarbene

  • Dennis Gerbig,
  • David Ley,
  • Hans Peter Reisenauer and
  • Peter R. Schreiner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 1061–1069, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.121

Graphical Abstract
  • [1,2]hydrogen tunneling from the hydroxy group to the carbene center. Dihydroxycarbene (a) [15] and methoxyhydroxycarbene (c) [15], however, do not undergo [1,2]H-tunneling under the same conditions: Their respective products, formic acid (b) and methyl formate (d) were not detected in matrix isolation
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Published 11 Nov 2010

Synthesis of 5-(6-hydroxy-7H-purine-8-ylthio)- 2-(N-hydroxyformamido)pentanoic acid

  • Yanmei Zhang,
  • Greg Elliot,
  • Adrian Saldanha,
  • Igor Tsigelny,
  • Dennis Carson and
  • Wolf Wrasidlo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, 742–747, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.93

Graphical Abstract
  • without further purification (30.0 mg, 45%). [M + H]+: 480.5. Preparation of compound 12 Compound 12: To a solution of compound 11 (26.0 mg) in formic acid (96%, 800.0 µL), was added acetic anhydride (15.0 µL). The mixture was stirred at 20 °C for 1 h. After pouring into iced-water, the aqueous layer was
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Letter
Published 01 Sep 2010

Polar tagging in the synthesis of monodisperse oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene)s and an update on the synthesis of oligoPPEs

  • Dhananjaya Sahoo,
  • Susanne Thiele,
  • Miriam Schulte,
  • Navid Ramezanian and
  • Adelheid Godt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 57, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.57

Graphical Abstract
  • the oxidation product of 1a1, aldehyde 8a1, reacts with KOH to give the ethynyl anion and formic acid which immediately exchange a proton providing deprotected alkyne 21, the oxidation product of 5a, aldehyde 6a, is inert under the reaction conditions [69][70]. This finding is attributed to the higher
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Published 01 Jun 2010

Molecular recognition of organic ammonium ions in solution using synthetic receptors

  • Andreas Späth and
  • Burkhard König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2010, 6, No. 32, doi:10.3762/bjoc.6.32

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Published 06 Apr 2010
Graphical Abstract
  • reaction is not only a suitable model but also one of industrial importance since this is the main production process for formic acid. Keywords: direct electric heating; flow reactors; micro reactors; organic chemistry; reaction kinetics; Introduction Continuously operated small reactors for organic
  • directly proportional to the formation of formic acid and thus proportional to conversion. As a measure for conversion the conductivity of the reaction mixture at the reactor outlet was used. The reaction follows first order kinetics (within the concentrations we have chosen), which facilitates the
  • determination of kinetic parameters. The reaction is of industrial importance. It is the main process for production of formic acid. For the kinetic measurements two directly electrically heated and independently temperature regulated tubes in series were used. The same power supply delivers enough current for
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Published 30 Nov 2009

The development and evaluation of a continuous flow process for the lipase- mediated oxidation of alkenes

  • Charlotte Wiles,
  • Marcus J. Hammond and
  • Paul Watts

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.27

Graphical Abstract
  • situ generated peracids derived from formic acid or acetic acid (1)/hydrogen peroxide (2). As H2O2 (2) is itself not sufficiently electrophilic to epoxidise a non-conjugated double bond directly, its use in the formation of a peracid has afforded a route to the epoxidation of alkenes in the presence of
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Published 02 Jun 2009

Chemoselective reduction of aldehydes by ruthenium trichloride and resin- bound formates

  • Basudeb Basu,
  • Bablee Mandal,
  • Sajal Das,
  • Pralay Das and
  • Ashis K. Nanda

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 53, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.53

Graphical Abstract
  • as hydrocarbons [4], primary and secondary alcohols [5][6], and formic acid and its salts [7][8][9][10][11] have been used as the hydrogen source. Besides the use of Rh, Ir, Ni and Pd metals in CTH, carbonyl reduction using the combination of Ru(II)-ligand complexes and propan-2-ol in the presence of
  • reduction to Ru(II), which then catalyzes the hydrogenation of the aldehydes. The ARF was prepared from commercially available Amberlite® resin (chloride form) by exchanging the anion (chloride) with formic acid following our procedure [24]. A wide range of aryl aldehydes were subjected to reduction under
  • application of heterogeneous ARF and a simple formate salt (herein potassium formate) in homogeneous phase (Table 1, entry 12). The resin beads obtained after filtration from the reaction mixture could be reused for further hydrogenation reactions after washing with methanol and recharging with formic acid
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Preliminary Communication
Published 19 Dec 2008

A practical synthesis of the 13C/15N- labelled tripeptide N-formyl- Met-Leu-Phe, useful as a reference in solid- state NMR spectroscopy

  • Sven T. Breitung,
  • Jakob J. Lopez,
  • Gerd Dürner,
  • Clemens Glaubitz,
  • Michael W. Göbel and
  • Marcel Suhartono

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 35, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.35

Graphical Abstract
  • , reflux, 24–65 h) were required to couple the first Boc-protected amino acid to the solid support (chloromethyl resin) and long reaction times (18 h) were necessary to attach further building blocks to the growing peptide chain. The formylation of the N-terminus with formic acid/acetic anhydride was
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Published 13 Oct 2008

Synthesis of the Benzo- fused Indolizidine Alkaloid Mimics

  • Daniel L. Comins and
  • Kazuhiro Higuchi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 42, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-42

Graphical Abstract
  • equiv of formic acid and 4 equiv of triethylamine at 80°C in DMF provided 8a-i in good yields. THF could also be used as a solvent in this reaction. In the case of 1h and 1i, the N-TIPS group was cleaved under the reaction conditions (entries 8,9). To add more points of diversity, the preparation of
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Published 30 Nov 2007
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