From discovery to production: Scale- out of continuous flow meso reactors

• Peter Styring and
• Ana I. R. Parracho

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 29, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.29

• there can be a probability of other mechanisms occurring and hence further studies are being undertaken. In the continuous meso flow column, recycling studies of the catalyst were carried out in order to simulate the re-use of the catalyst bed within the capillary parallel reactor. Due to the volume of

The development and evaluation of a continuous flow process for the lipase- mediated oxidation of alkenes

• Charlotte Wiles,
• Marcus J. Hammond and
• Paul Watts

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 27, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.27

• alkenes, with it found to deactivate Candida antarctica lipase B [35] and prevent recycling of the biocatalyst, it was proposed that by conducting the reactions under continuous flow, where at any one time the quantity of oxidant 2 in contact with the enzyme would be low, continued operation and efficient

• recycling would be feasible. As the aim of the investigation was to develop a continuous flow process for the synthesis of epoxides in high purity, it was decided at this stage to employ 5 μl min−1 as the minimum flow rate and increase the reactant concentrations by a factor of four; the 2:1 oxidant to

A biphasic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones using a simplified packed- bed microreactor

• Andrew Bogdan and
• D. Tyler McQuade

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 17, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.17

• it enables facile removal and recycling. We recently reported the development of an effective solid support for use in packed-bed microreactors [39], AMBERZYME® Oxirane (AO, 1), a commercially available resin with pendant epoxide functionalities designed for enzyme immobilization. AO is readily

Synthesis of thienyl analogues of PCBM and investigation of morphology of mixtures in P3HT

• Fukashi Matsumoto,
• Kazuyuki Moriwaki,
• Yuko Takao and
• Toshinobu Ohno

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 33, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.33

• ester chloride was used as an acylation reagent in order to form the same structure as that of the butyric acid methyl ester contained in PCBM. The acylation of benzo[b]thiophene yielded 2- and 3-substituted compounds in a 1:3 ratio. These isomers were isolated with a recycling HPLC system using

m-Iodosylbenzoic acid – a convenient recyclable reagent for highly efficient aromatic iodinations

• Andreas Kirschning,
• Mekhman S. Yusubov,
• Roza Y. Yusubova,
• Ki-Whan Chi and
• Joo Y. Park

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2007, 3, No. 19, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-3-19

• recycling of the iodine reagent is concerned. The broad use of hypervalent iodine reagents is still hampered by tedious purification and recycling protocols. Commonly, purification relies on chromatography. Recently, tagging strategies for reagents and catalysts have widely been investigated that allow easy

Hydrogenation of aromatic ketones, aldehydes, and epoxides with hydrogen and Pd(0)EnCat™ 30NP

• Steven V. Ley,
• Angus J. P. Stewart-Liddon,
• David Pears,
• Remedios H. Perni and
• Kevin Treacher

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2, No. 15, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-15

• recycling of the catalyst problematic. Addition of NaOH or designing bimetallic catalysts in which one of the metals acts as poisoning agent, have also been reported. [8][9][10] Several metals (e.g. Pd, Pt, Ru) have been used in the literature for the selective heterogeneous catalytic reduction of aryl

Study of thioglycosylation in ionic liquids

• Jianguo Zhang and
• Arthur Ragauskas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2006, 2, No. 12, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-2-12

• ][9] These reactions typically provided over 70% yields of the corresponding glycosides or disaccharides. The intrinsic properties of the ionic liquids described above facilitate reaction work-up and recycling of the solvent. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the potential of employing

Towards practical biocatalytic Baeyer- Villiger reactions: applying a thermostable enzyme in the gram- scale synthesis of optically- active lactones in a two-liquid- phase system

• Frank Schulz,
• François Leca,
• Frank Hollmann and
• Manfred T. Reetz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2005, 1, No. 10, doi:10.1186/1860-5397-1-10

• monooxygenases necessitates efficient recycling of the redox-cofactor NADPH. For this purpose a number of systems have been described. Indeed, several enzymes for recycling systems are commercially available.[48][49][50] For efficient BV-oxidation catalysis with PAMO, the regeneration system must fulfill several

• requirements. The enzyme needs to be easily available. For this purpose an E. coli expression system would be appropriate due to the ease of handling this microorganism. The recycling enzyme must be thermostable at least to the extent of the production enzyme PAMO, and in addition it must exhibit a high degree

• the corresponding ketones, thereby recycling one equivalent of NADPH which can then be utilized by PAMO in a coupled reaction (Scheme 2). Purification of this enzyme from an over-expressing E. coli strain proved to be straightforward, simple heat-treatment being sufficient to purify it up to near