The photodecarboxylative addition of carboxylates to phthalimides as a key-step in the synthesis of biologically active 3-arylmethylene-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindolin-1-ones

• Ommid Anamimoghadam,
• Saira Mumtaz,
• Anke Nietsch,
• Gaetano Saya,
• Cherie A. Motti,
• Jun Wang,
• Peter C. Junk,
• Ashfaq Mahmood Qureshi and
• Michael Oelgemöller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2833–2841, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.275

• and subsequent column chromatography. All compounds 3 showed a characteristic pair of doublets between 3 and 4 ppm with a large geminal 2J coupling of 12–16 Hz for the benzylic methylene group (-CH2Ar) in their 1H NMR spectra and a singlet at 90 ± 3 ppm for the newly formed tertiary alcohol (C–OH) in

CF₃SO₂X (X = Na, Cl) as reagents for trifluoromethylation, trifluoromethylsulfenyl-, -sulfinyl- and -sulfonylation. Part 1: Use of CF₃SO₂Na

• Hélène Guyon,
• Hélène Chachignon and
• Dominique Cahard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2764–2799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.272

Ring-size-selective construction of fluorine-containing carbocycles via intramolecular iodoarylation of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes

• Takeshi Fujita,
• Ryo Kinoshita,
• Tsuyoshi Takanohashi,
• Naoto Suzuki and
• Junji Ichikawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2682–2689, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.266

• elimination from 2a, 1,2-migration of the phenyl group, and deprotonation, followed by hydrolysis of the resulting doubly activated benzylic difluoromethylene unit (Scheme 2). Neither a combination of bis(pyridine)iodonium (IPy2BF4) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid nor a combination of I2 and silver(I

Asymmetric synthesis of propargylamines as amino acid surrogates in peptidomimetics

• Matthias Wünsch,
• David Schröder,
• Tanja Fröhr,
• Lisa Teichmann,
• Sebastian Hedwig,
• Nils Janson,
• Clara Belu,
• Jasmin Simon,
• Shari Heidemeyer,
• Philipp Holtkamp,
• Jens Rudlof,
• Lennard Klemme,
• Alessa Hinzmann,
• Beate Neumann,
• Hans-Georg Stammler and
• Norbert Sewald

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2428–2441, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.240

• imine 5h) after desilylation with TBAF (Table 2). As the benzylic proton of sulfinylimine 5h is quite acidic, approach II was not pursued for the synthesis of propargylamines analogous to tyrosine, histidine, tryptophan, and aspartate. Proteinogenic amino acids do not contain substituents, which

• (4b, 10%, dr 51:49). Reaction of N-sulfinylimine 5h with (trimethylsilyl)ethynyllithium. (a) GP-3 or GP-4. (b) Aqueous work-up, H2O/H+. Deprotonation in benzylic position competes with nucleophilic attack (5h/6h, 7:3). Side reactions observed in the course of the conversion of highly electrophilic

Homologated amino acids with three vicinal fluorines positioned along the backbone: development of a stereoselective synthesis

• Raju Cheerlavancha,
• Ahmed Ahmed,
• Yun Cheuk Leung,
• Aggie Lawer,
• Qing-Quan Liu,
• Marina Cagnes,
• Hee-Chan Jang,
• Xiang-Guo Hu and
• Luke Hunter

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2316–2325, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.228

• with the synthesis. Compound 28b was treated with DeoxoFluor at low temperature, in order to affect a deoxyfluorination of the benzylic alcohol. This reaction gave the product 31 in high yield, but unfortunately with poor stereoselectivity, presumably due to a competing SN1-type reaction mechanism [36

• to be successful. The reaction duration was another significant determinant of the yield of 43 (Table 2, entries 4−6), since the over-reduced (i.e., benzylic defluorination) product was still produced in varying amounts. The subsequent oxidation of 43 was successfully achieved using sodium

An efficient synthesis of a C₁₂-higher sugar aminoalditol

• Łukasz Szyszka,
• Anna Osuch-Kwiatkowska,
• Mykhaylo A. Potopnyk and
• Sławomir Jarosz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2146–2152, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.213

• :1) to afford pure compound 4 (0.87 g, 0.7 mmol, 95%) as an oil. [α]D +12.1 (c 0.4); 1H NMR (600 MHz) δ 7.41–7.11 (m, 35H, ArH), 4.91 (d, J = 11.0, 1H, benzylic H), 4.80 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H, benzylic H), 4.79 (d, J = 11.2 Hz, 1H, benzylic H), 4.80–4.67 (m, 4H, benzylic H), 4.64 (d, J = 11.6 Hz, 2H

• , benzylic H), 4.62 (d, J = 11.8 Hz, 2H, benzylic H), 4.61 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1H, benzylic H), 4.59 (d, J1,2 = 3.5 Hz, 1H, H-1), 4.53 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H , benzylic H), 4.49 (d, J = 11.5 Hz, 1H, benzylic H), 4.42 (s, 1H, benzylic H), 4.41 (s, 1H, benzylic H), 4.39 (d, J = 11.5, 1H, benzylic H), 4.28 (d, J

• = 11.7 Hz, 1H, benzylic H), 4.22 (d, J5,4 = 10.3 Hz, 1H, H-5), 4.18–4.13 (m, 2H, H-7, H-8), 4.05 (dd, J9,8 = 5.8 Hz, J9,10 = 4.3 Hz, 1H, H-9), 4.01 (d, J6,7 = 9.8 Hz, 1H, H-6), 3.97 (dd, J3,4 = 9.2 Hz, J3,2 = 9.3 Hz, 1H, H-3), 3.83 (dd, J4,5 = 10.1 Hz, 1H, H-4), 3.75 (m, 1H, H-10), 3.67 (m, 1H, H-11

Intramolecular glycosylation

• Xiao G. Jia and
• Alexei V. Demchenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2028–2048, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.201

• -selectivity. With the varying anomeric stereoselectivities and yields, it was hypothesized that the benzylic methylene group may be responsible for the increased rotational freedom between the triazoyl and benzyl moieties. Investigations with o-azidobenzyl protecting groups were used to reduce the degrees of

Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules

• Tapas Kumar Achar,
• Anima Bose and
• Prasenjit Mal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1907–1931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.186

• significant in organic synthesis because aryl halides are important synthons for the synthesis of many natural and non-natural products [93][94]. In 2005, Rahman and co-workers reported a pioneering solid state benzylic bromination of diquinoline derivatives via N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) [95]. In 2012, Wang

• benzylic iodination could be observed in case of alkyl benzenes. Interestingly, benzaldehyde derivatives did not lead to any over-oxidation to acids in presence of oxone. Trihaloisocyanuric acids are also used effectively for halogenations of arenes and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and double bond-containing

Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill

• Ulla Weißbach,
• Saumya Dabral,
• Laure Konnert,
• Carsten Bolm and
• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1788–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.173

• monoacetylated derivatives, and the reactions occurred regioselectively at the primary hydroxy group of the model compounds. The regioselectivity of the reaction was further confirmed after the milling of isopropenyl acetate (2a) and the monolignol 1i, only containing a benzylic alcohol. After the standard

• addressing the centrally-located primary aliphatic hydroxyl content of lignins is still highly possible. This strategy is expected to allow the preservation of the phenolic and benzylic alcohol contents in modified lignins, in order to keep the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of this biopolymer

Oxidative dehydrogenation of C–C and C–N bonds: A convenient approach to access diverse (dihydro)heteroaromatic compounds

• Santanu Hati,
• Ulrike Holzgrabe and
• Subhabrata Sen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1670–1692, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.162

• -workers in the year 2000 [26][27][28][29]. It oxidizes diverse functionalities such as amines, imines, alcohols etc. [30]. Later, it was demonstrated that IBX can also be used as a reagent for oxidative dehydrogenation of benzylic carbons in various aromatic systems via single electron transfer (SET) and

• quinazolinones. A putative mechanism involved the homolysis of DTBP to generate tert-butoxide radicals, which in turn abstracts a proton radical from the methyl(hetero)arene to facilitate the formation of a benzylic radical. The benzylic radical couples with o-aminobenzylamide to generate H. It then interacts

• yield. The proposed mechanism of this transformation is illustrated in the formation of 73. It involved oxidation of Cu(I)-(DABCO)2 by either oxygen or TEMPO to afford the Cu(II)-(DABCO)2 complex which gets coordinated with the N-atom of the substrate and TEMPO to generate an η2 complex Y. The benzylic

Syntheses of 3,4- and 1,4-dihydroquinazolines from 2-aminobenzylamine

• Jimena E. Díaz,
• Silvia Ranieri,
• Nadia Gruber and
• Liliana R. Orelli

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1470–1477, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.145

• 5a with PPE/CHCl3 under microwave irradiation led to 1,4-dihydroquinazoline 2a, accompanied by a low percentage of a collateral product. This compound was identified as 2-methyl-1-propylquinazolin-4(1H)-one (6a) (Scheme 3, (a), R1 = Pr, R2 = Me), arising from spontaneous benzylic oxidation of 2a. An

• benzylic oxidation. In spite of this, partial oxidation during workup and purification could not be avoided accounting for the lower yields obtained for the 2-aryl derivatives 2i,j (Table 4, entries 9 and 10). The higher sensitivity of compounds 2i,j towards oxidation may be a consequence of the enhanced

• . Benzylic oxidation of 1,4-dihydroquinazolines (a) and 3,4-dihydroquinazolines (b). Selective N-acylation of 2-ABA and its derivatives. Synthesis of compounds 5. Synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinazolines 1. Synthesis of 1,4-dihydroquinazolines 2. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 94

Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center

• A. Michael Downey and
• Michal Hocek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1239–1279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.123

α-Acetoxyarone synthesis via iodine-catalyzed and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-mediateded self-intermolecular oxidative coupling of aryl ketones

• Liquan Tan,
• Cui Chen and
• Weibing Liu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1079–1084, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.107

• ketones from aryl ketones using I2 and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) [16][17][18] (Scheme 1). Several oxidative cross-coupling methods have been developed for the synthesis of α-acetoxy ketones from ketone derivatives and carboxylic acids [10], benzylic alcohols [19], toluene derivatives [20][21] and

Transition-metal-free one-pot synthesis of alkynyl selenides from terminal alkynes under aerobic and sustainable conditions

• Adrián A. Heredia and
• Alicia B. Peñéñory

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 910–918, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.92

• and tertiary alkyl halides were used, preventing formation of 5f and 5g products, and this is a limitation of the procedure reported herein (Table 3, entries 7 and 8). By employing a benzylic halide such as benzyl bromide, the expected product 5h (Table 3, entry 9) was not detected. Again, the basic

Synthesis of new pyrrolidine-based organocatalysts and study of their use in the asymmetric Michael addition of aldehydes to nitroolefins

• Alejandro Castán,
• Ramón Badorrey,
• José A. Gálvez and
• María D. Díaz-de-Villegas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 612–619, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.59

• of the benzylic group with molecular hydrogen using Pd(OH)2/C as a catalyst in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, b) reprotection of the amino group as benzylcarbamate by treatment of the crude reaction mixture with benzyl chloroformate in the presence of diisopropylethylamine, c) hydrolysis of

Derivatives of the triaminoguanidinium ion, 5. Acylation of triaminoguanidines leading to symmetrical tris(acylamino)guanidines and mesoionic 1,2,4-triazolium-3-aminides

• Jan Szabo,
• Julian Greiner and
• Gerhard Maas

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 579–588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.57

• crystal structure of salt 8b (Figure 2) shows a nearly planar core of the molecule (the triazole ring, N4, N5, N6). One face of this core is occupied by the three benzylic substituents, leaving the other face open for the chloride anion which is held in place by two N–H···Cl hydrogen bonds, one of them

Studies directed toward the exploitation of vicinal diols in the synthesis of (+)-nebivolol intermediates

• Runjun Devi and
• Sajal Kumar Das

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.56

• . However, it has been reviewed that not only benzylic epoxides but also non-benzylic epoxides are sensitive to the standard hydrogenation/debenzylation conditions [35]. Whereas benzylic epoxides are highly sensitive to hydrogenation conditions, non-benzylic epoxides, depending on the reaction conditions

Contribution of microreactor technology and flow chemistry to the development of green and sustainable synthesis

• Flavio Fanelli,
• Giovanna Parisi,
• Leonardo Degennaro and
• Renzo Luisi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 520–542, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.51

• generate reactive allylic and benzylic boronic acids further employed for iterative C–C bond forming reactions [86]. The generation of unstable diazo species was possible using a cheap, recyclable and less toxic oxidant, MnO2. The flow stream was accurately monitored by in-line FTIR spectroscopy in order

Synthesis of 1-indanones with a broad range of biological activity

• Marika Turek,
• Dorota Szczęsna,
• Marek Koprowski and
• Piotr Bałczewski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 451–494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.48

Structure–efficiency relationships of cyclodextrin scavengers in the hydrolytic degradation of organophosphorus compounds

• Sophie Letort,
• Michaël Bosco,
• Benedetta Cornelio,
• Frédérique Brégier,
• Sébastien Daulon,
• Géraldine Gouhier and
• François Estour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 417–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.45

• subsequent deprotection and oxidation–hydrolysis reactions of derivatives 13 and 14 afforded scavengers 2 and 3, respectively and were performed in one step using sodium periodate in acidic medium. Compound 2 was obtained in good yield, but the steric hindrance of the benzylic group in derivative 14

• connected to the oxygen atom at the C-3 position. In the same way, the HSQC spectrum highlights a correlation between two other diastereotopic protons 2.50 and 2.75 ppm) and the benzylic carbon (31.9 ppm). Finally, the quintuplet at 1.99 ppm correlated with the 13C signal at 31.4 ppm was assigned to the

Dimerization reactions of aryl selenophen-2-yl-substituted thiocarbonyl S-methanides as diradical processes: a computational study

• Michael L. McKee,
• Grzegorz Mlostoń,
• Katarzyna Urbaniak and
• Heinz Heimgartner

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 410–416, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.44

• , Figure 5). The largest spin density was found at the benzylic C(6) atom, followed by C(4), and the smallest value was calculated for C(2). However, the unpaired density on C(2) increases and the unpaired spin density on C(6) decreases for X = Se relative to X = O or S. It is likely that the less

Decarboxylative and dehydrative coupling of dienoic acids and pentadienyl alcohols to form 1,3,6,8-tetraenes

• Ghina’a I. Abu Deiab,
• Mohammed H. Al-Huniti,
• I. F. Dempsey Hyatt,
• Emma E. Nagy,
• Kristen E. Gettys,
• Sommayah S. Sayed,
• Christine M. Joliat,
• Paige E. Daniel,
• Rupa M. Vummalaneni,
• Andrew T. Morehead Jr,
• Andrew L. Sargent and
• Mitchell P. Croatt

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 384–392, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.41

• and coupling this to a substrate with a benzylic or allylic leaving group [19][20]. Typical Pd(0)-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling reactions utilize an allylic or benzylic ester with either an anion-stabilizing group adjacent to the carboxyl group (i.e., carbonyl [19][21][22], nitrile [23][24][25

New approaches to organocatalysis based on C–H and C–X bonding for electrophilic substrate activation

• Pavel Nagorny and
• Zhankui Sun

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2834–2848, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.283

• atoms covalently bonded to a benzylic carbon (Scheme 8). In 2016 Maruoka and Shirakawa followed up the aforementioned studies by demonstrating that tetraalkylammonium salts L5, L6, L11 and L12 as well as TBAI could activate imines toward aza-Diels–Alder reaction with Danishefsky’s diene (Scheme 9) [51

• halogenating agent (I2 or TMSI, 15 mol %). These additives may undergo activation by L26 to result in more Lewis acidic species that ionize benzylic alcohols. Alternatively, addition of I2 or TMSI may accomplish in situ transformation of benzylic alcohols to benzyl iodides. These intermediates underwent

• with significantly lower ee (11%) was observed. These results suggest that the reaction might proceed mainly in a stepwise SN1-like manner, via a benzylic carbocation intermediate. Despite the fact that several variants of chiral halogen bond-donor catalysts have been synthesized, to the best of our

cis-Diastereoselective synthesis of chroman-fused tetralins as B-ring-modified analogues of brazilin

• Dimpee Gogoi,
• Runjun Devi,
• Pallab Pahari,
• Bipul Sarma and
• Sajal Kumar Das

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2816–2822, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.280

• using 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as reaction medium as well as the reaction promoter. The first choice of HFIP was based on its recently found ability to promote high-yielding IFCEA cyclization of benzylic epoxides [29]. Unfortunately, however, refluxing a solution of (±)-6a in HFIP for 4

• h (entry 1, Table 1) led to the formation of a mixture of two major isolable compounds, out of which one was the expected product (±)-5 (50%) and the remaining one was hexafluoroisopropyl ether (generated from the nucleophilic addition of HFIP on the benzylic position). Meanwhile, we found that

• two angular H atoms being positioned in trans fashion (Scheme 3); no cis-isomer was formed. The stereochemical assignment was confirmed on the vicinal coupling constant between the two angular H atoms (the benzylic methine on the chroman ring in 14 appeared as a doublet with J = 10.5 Hz at δ 3.97) and

Synthesis of spiro[isoindole-1,5’-isoxazolidin]-3(2H)-ones as potential inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction

• Salvatore V. Giofrè,
• Santa Cirmi,
• Raffaella Mancuso,
• Francesco Nicolò,
• Giuseppe Lanza,
• Laura Legnani,
• Agata Campisi,
• Maria A. Chiacchio,
• Michele Navarra,
• Bartolo Gabriele and
• Roberto Romeo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2793–2807, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.278

• ,S)-10 adducts were modeled. Figure 5 shows the TSs (named endo, N or exo, X) for reaction of the two isomeric dipolarophiles (Z)-8 and (E)-8 with nitrone 4, respectively. All the possible degrees of conformational freedom were considered, in particular the different orientations of the benzylic