Formal total syntheses of classic natural product target molecules via palladium-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation

• Yiyang Liu,
• Marc Liniger,
• Ryan M. McFadden,
• Jenny L. Roizen,
• Jacquie Malette,
• Corey M. Reeves,
• Douglas C. Behenna,
• Masaki Seto,
• Jimin Kim,
• Justin T. Mohr,
• Scott C. Virgil and
• Brian M. Stoltz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2501–2512, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.261

• –Danheiser chemistry [66][67]. E) Rhazinilam (−)-Rhazinilam (44) has been isolated from various plants including Rhazya strica decaisne [68], Melodinus australis [69], and Kopsia singapurensis [70]. Shortly after the first isolation, its structure was elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis

Oligomerization of optically active N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)mandelamide in the presence of β-cyclodextrin and the minor role of chirality

• Helmut Ritter,
• Antonia Stöhr and
• Philippe Favresse

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2361–2366, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.246

• ; enzyme; oxidative coupling; phenol oligomer; Introduction Lignin consists of mechanical stabilizing polyphenols and thus plays an important role in many plants [1][2]. For the in vitro synthesis of polyphenols via oxidative coupling reactions, laccases and peroxidases are suitable enzymes to catalyze

Effect of cyclodextrin complexation on phenylpropanoids’ solubility and antioxidant activity

• Miriana Kfoury,
• David Landy,
• Lizette Auezova,
• Hélène Greige-Gerges and
• Sophie Fourmentin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2322–2331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.241

• efficiency; cyclodextrins; formation constant; phenylpropanoids; solubility; Introduction Phenylpropanoids (PPs), produced through the shikimic acid pathway, are one of the major groups of natural compounds. They could be found in a wide variety of plants (clove, anise, basil, tarragon, fennel, parsley

• , cinnamon, etc). PPs play a vital role in plants integrity and defense against biotic or abiotic stresses and are considered as “secondary metabolites” [1]. They are divided in several major classes such as coumarins, flavonoids, phenylpropenes and hydroxycinnamic acids [2]. PPs have an important

Application of cyclic phosphonamide reagents in the total synthesis of natural products and biologically active molecules

• Thilo Focken and
• Stephen Hanessian

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1848–1877, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.195

• ]. Methyl jasmonates and dihydrojasmonates (2001) The jasmonates, which comprise of methyl jasmonate (11) and the corresponding jasmonic acid, are important cellular regulators in plants. They participate in various developmental processes and defence mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stresses [114

Sacrolide A, a new antimicrobial and cytotoxic oxylipin macrolide from the edible cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum

• Naoya Oku,
• Miyako Matsumoto,
• Kohsuke Yonejima,
• Keijiroh Tansei and
• Yasuhiro Igarashi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1808–1816, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.190

• of the cells, 1 is is not expected to target cell cycle-associated events, such as the synthesis of proteins, DNA, or RNA. Despite their structural diversity, many oxylipins induce a common stress response in plants and animal cells, and this activity is attributed to their ability to modify the

Efficient routes toward the synthesis of the D-rhamno-trisaccharide related to the A-band polysaccharide of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Aritra Chaudhury,
• Sajal K. Maity and
• Rina Ghosh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1488–1494, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.153

• synthesis has seen a rapid development over the last two decades [5][6][7]. The D-rhamnoside motif is of particular interest with its presence established in the LPS/EPS systems of various bacterial strains which are pathogenic towards both plants and animals. These species include the Burkholderia cepacia

Streptopyridines, volatile pyridine alkaloids produced by Streptomyces sp. FORM5

• Ulrike Groenhagen,
• Michael Maczka,
• Jeroen S. Dickschat and
• Stefan Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1421–1432, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.146

• compounds form a chemical structure space of volatiles released by bacteria and their number is limited, although this space is certainly only partially explored. Another group of volatile compounds forming a structure space is already known from the green part of plants (excluding flowery parts). The plant

Selective allylic hydroxylation of acyclic terpenoids by CYP154E1 from Thermobifida fusca YX

• Anna M. Bogazkaya,
• Clemens J. von Bühler,
• Sebastian Kriening,
• Alexandrine Busch,
• Alexander Seifert,
• Jürgen Pleiss,
• Sabine Laschat and
• Vlada B. Urlacher

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1347–1353, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.137

• terpenoids in plants represents the most prominent example [14]. Heme-containing cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450 or CYP) are predominantly responsible for structural and functional diversity of terpenoids: allylic hydroxylation of parental monoterpenes leads to further diversification via sequential

• exclusively to two allylic alcohols with a notable preference for 12-hydroxynerylacetone (16, 72% and 75%, respectively) (Table 2). Discussion As mentioned in the introduction a large number of regioselective hydroxylation reactions occur in plants. Recently a geraniol 10-hydroxylase from the plant

Synthesis of zearalenone-16-β,D-glucoside and zearalenone-16-sulfate: A tale of protecting resorcylic acid lactones for regiocontrolled conjugation

• Hannes Mikula,
• Julia Weber,
• Dennis Svatunek,
• Philipp Skrinjar,
• Gerhard Adam,
• Rudolf Krska,
• Christian Hametner and
• Johannes Fröhlich

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1129–1134, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.112

• mycotoxins, especially altered derivatives formed through conjugation to sugar moieties or sulfate, emerge after metabolization by living plants. Due to changed chemical structures and properties compared to the parent mycotoxins, these conjugates can usually not be detected applying standard analytical

New sesquiterpene hydroquinones from the Caribbean sponge Aka coralliphagum

• Qun Göthel and
• Matthias Köck

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 613–621, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.52

• , siphonodictyals B1–B3 (6–8) could be derived from siphonodictyals E1–E3 (1–3), respectively. Aromatic sulfates occur in a wide range of higher plants and animals, particularly those growing in marine, estuarine, or freshwater environments. This is probably due to the high content of inorganic sulfate in aquatic

An oxidative amidation and heterocyclization approach for the synthesis of β-carbolines and dihydroeudistomin Y

• Suresh Babu Meruva,
• Akula Raghunadh,
• Raghavendra Rao Kamaraju,
• U. K. Syam Kumar and
• P. K. Dubey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 471–480, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.45

• -eudistomin; eudistomin; keto amide; oxidative amidation; Introduction β-Carboline alkaloids [1] are widespread in plants, animals and some are formed naturally in the biological system. Rinehart et al. [2] reported the isolation of β-carboline alkaloids such as eudistomins [3] and several of its analogues

Continuous flow nitration in miniaturized devices

• Amol A. Kulkarni

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 405–424, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.38

• more of these limitations are experienced in every batch operation it is necessary to check their feasibility for continuous flow processing. Such transformations from batch to flow have been carried out for a lot of reactions and many continuous nitration plants of commercial scale exist. However, the

Convergent synthesis of a tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the O-specific polysaccharide from the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Azospirillum brasilense strain Sp7

• Pintu Kumar Mandal,
• Debashis Dhara and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 293–299, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.26

• be among the most promising ones [1]. Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense) is a plant growth-promoting bacterium, found abundant in the rizosphere of several leguminous plants and regular crops such as wheat, rice, corn etc. Azospirillum is a Gram-negative rizobacterium, which exerts a variety of

• Azospirillum against crown gall disease in plants [8][9], leaf and/or vascular diseases of tomato [10][11] as well as inhibitory properties against the development of bacterial diseases or promoting disease resistance on rice crops [12]. It has been demonstrated that Azospirilla produce a diverse range of

• macromolecules such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and capsular polysaccharides (CPS), which influence their interactions with plants [13][14][15]. There are only a limited number of reports on structural studies of the LPS present in the cell wall of Azospirilla species despite their

Decandrinin, an unprecedented C₉-spiro-fused 7,8-seco-ent-abietane from the Godavari mangrove Ceriops decandra

• Hui Wang,
• Min-Yi Li,
• Félix Zongwe Katele,
• Tirumani Satyanandamurty,
• Jun Wu and
• Gerhard Bringmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 276–281, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.23

• have been reported from plants of the genera Abies, Cephalotaxus, Colus, Cordia, Hyptis, Isodon, Pinus, Premna, Salvia, Taiwania, Thuja, and Vitex, including a 1,2-seco-abietane [8], a 1,10-seco-abietane [9][10], three 2,3-seco-abietanes [8][11][12][13], three 3,4-seco-abietanes [8][14], 31 4,5-seco

Synthesis of new enantiopure poly(hydroxy)aminooxepanes as building blocks for multivalent carbohydrate mimetics

• Léa Bouché,
• Maja Kandziora and
• Hans-Ulrich Reissig

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 213–223, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.17

• in natural products, in particular as toxins in marine organisms or plants [6][7]. A few reports in the literature deal with seven-membered polyhydroxylated ethers like septanosides (containing an anomeric center) [8] as well as compounds without an acetal moiety. Known methods for the construction

Total synthesis of (+)-grandiamide D, dasyclamide and gigantamide A from a Baylis–Hillman adduct: A unified biomimetic approach

• Andivelu Ilangovan and
• Shanmugasundar Saravanakumar

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 127–133, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.9

• -aminopyrrolidine compounds are synthesised in plants from open-chained bisamides by enzymatic cyclization. It is assumed that both forms of bisamides undergo a cycloaddition reaction with a co-occurring flavanol to form highly bioactive flavaglines [1][2]. For example, odorine (2) acted as a building block for

Charge-transfer interaction mediated organogels from 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid appended pyrene

• Jun Hu,
• Jindan Wu,
• Qian Wang and
• Yong Ju

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2877–2885, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.324

• –vis region [25]. CT interactions have been employed to induce the supramolecular interactions between donors and acceptors, and lead to the formation of two-component organogels [26][27][28][29][30]. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA, 1), a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid obtained from medicinal plants in

SF002-96-1, a new drimane sesquiterpene lactone from an Aspergillus species, inhibits survivin expression

• Silke Felix,
• Louis P. Sandjo,
• Till Opatz and
• Gerhard Erkel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2866–2876, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.323

• promoter and subsequently triggering apoptosis in Colo 320 cells. Drimane sesquiterpenes are widespread in plants, fungi and marine organisms such as algae, sponges and corals and have attracted some attention for their potent antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, antifeedant, phytotoxic, piscicidal and

The myxocoumarins A and B from Stigmatella aurantiaca strain MYX-030

• Tobias A. M. Gulder,
• Snežana Neff,
• Traugott Schüz,
• Tammo Winkler,
• René Gees and
• Bettina Böhlendorf

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2579–2585, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.293

• to be transformed into actively growing cultures again. Coumarins in general constitute a large group of bioactive natural products, mostly isolated from plants. Most of these plant-derived compounds are polyphenols that are often further modified by most diverse functionalization reactions, such as

• ); ESIMS(−) m/z: 693.3 [2M − H]−, 346.2 [M − H]−; ESIMS(+) m/z: 348.2 [M + H]+. Biological testing. Cut leaf disks (15 mm2) of the respective host plants (see below) were placed on water agar in multi-well plates (24-well format) and sprayed with 12 µL aqueous test solution of varying concentrations (dose

The chemistry of isoindole natural products

• Klaus Speck and
• Thomas Magauer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 2048–2078, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.243

• (117). The aristolactams and aristolochic acids have a broad spectrum of biologically interesting properties. Although both can be isolated from the same plants, their biological activity is highly variable. Herbal drugs containing aristolochic acids display cytotoxic activities and inhibitory effects

• different hetisine alkaloids have been isolated from different species of the plants Aconitum and Delphinium, and to a lesser extend from Rumex, Consolida and Spiraea [167][168]. These plants have been widely used in traditional herbal medicine and further pharmacological studies revealed that hetisine

Chemistry in flow systems III

• Andreas Kirschning

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1696–1697, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.193

• reactors, mixers and interfaces for the online monitoring of continuous processes. The major inspiration came from the process and development units in the chemical industry, where continuously operated pilot plants already played a key role. Conceptually, highly modular microreaction systems developed by

A³-Coupling catalyzed by robust Au nanoparticles covalently bonded to HS-functionalized cellulose nanocrystalline films

• Jian-Lin Huang,
• Derek G. Gray and
• Chao-Jun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1388–1396, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.155

• to their renewable, environmentally benign, naturally abundant, biodegradable and biocompatible nature, as well as their excellent mechanical properties and anticipated low cost [24][25][26]. CNCs are obtained from semicrystalline cellulose derived from wood fibers and plants. Potential applications

Lanostane- and cycloartane-type triterpenoids from Abies balsamea oleoresin

• Serge Lavoie,
• Charles Gauthier,
• Jean Legault,
• Sylvain Mercier,
• Vakhtang Mshvildadze and
• André Pichette

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1333–1339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.150

• assessment. The photograph from our graphical abstract is from Robert H. Mohlenbrock @ USDA-NRCS PLANTS Database / USDA NRCS. 1995. Northeast wetland flora: Field office guide to plant species. Northeast National Technical Center, Chester.

Selective copper(II) acetate and potassium iodide catalyzed oxidation of aminals to dihydroquinazoline and quinazolinone alkaloids

• Matthew T. Richers,
• Chenfei Zhao and
• Daniel Seidel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1194–1201, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.135

• ; quinazoline alkaloid; Introduction Quinazoline alkaloids are a class of naturally occurring compounds with a range of medicinal properties and have been indicated for use as bronchodilators, vasodilators, anti-inflammatory agents and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors [1][2][3][4][5]. Many of the plants these

Caryolene-forming carbocation rearrangements

• Quynh Nhu N. Nguyen and
• Dean J. Tantillo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 323–331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.37

• , Streptomyces bacteria, Sinacalia tangutica plants, and Eurypon sponges (Figure 1) [3][4][5][6]. The carbon skeleton of 1 is unusual, not only because it contains concatenated 4-, 6-, and 7-membered rings, but also in that it bears a bridgehead double bond. As noted in the original isolation report [2], this