Antibiofilm and cytotoxic metabolites from the entomopathogenic fungus Samsoniella aurantia

• Rita Toshe,
• Syeda J. Khalid,
• Blondelle Matio Kemkuignou,
• Esteban Charria-Girón,
• Paul Eckhardt,
• Birthe Sandargo,
• Kunlapat Nuchthien,
• J. Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
• Till Opatz,
• Hedda Schrey,
• Sherif S. Ebada and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 327–339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.23

• derivative, farinosone D (1), along with the known 2-pyridones, farinosones A (2) and B (3), and the known cyclodepsipeptides beauvericins A–C (4–6). All isolated compounds were assessed for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities while farinosones D (1) and A (2) were selected for biofilm inhibitory

• activity, inhibiting approximately 70% of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms at concentrations as low as 3.9 µg/mL. Keywords: antibiofilm; antiproliferative; beauvericin; insect pathogen; Samsoniella; Introduction A microbial biofilm represents an assemblage of planktonic cells to overcome hostile living

• responses [1]. Biofilm-forming microbes were found to be up to 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic forms [2]. According to the fact sheets of the National Institute of Health (NIH) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 65 and 80% of all microbial and chronic

Discovery of ianthelliformisamines D–G from the sponge Suberea ianthelliformis and the total synthesis of ianthelliformisamine D

• Sasha Hayes,
• Yaoying Lu,
• Bernd H. A. Rehm and
• Rohan A. Davis

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 3205–3214, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.266

• aeruginosa biofilm inhibitors and antibiotic enhancers. Large-scale extraction and isolation studies resulted in the discovery of four new and minor natural products, ianthelliformisamines D–G (4–7) and the known steroid, aplysterol (8). Compounds 4–7 were fully characterised following 1D/2D NMR, MS and UV

• data analyses. All compounds were assessed for their inhibition on planktonic growth of P. aeruginosa PAO1 in addition to their ability to inhibit the formation of biofilms. None of the tested natural products inhibited planktonic growth or biofilm formation of PAO1 when screened at 50 µM

• new leads against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and supported by numerous reports of favourable activity for ianthelliformisamines A–C [7][12] and their synthetic analogues [8][9][10], we investigated the planktonic and biofilm activity of the new natural products 4–7 in addition to the known metabolite

Discovery of antimicrobial peptides clostrisin and cellulosin from Clostridium: insights into their structures, co-localized biosynthetic gene clusters, and antibiotic activity

• Moisés Alejandro Alejo Hernandez,
• Katia Pamela Villavicencio Sánchez,
• Rosendo Sánchez Morales,
• Karla Georgina Hernández-Magro Gil,
• David Silverio Moreno-Gutiérrez,
• Eddie Guillermo Sanchez-Rueda,
• Yanet Teresa-Cruz,
• Brian Choi,
• Armando Hernández Garcia,
• Alba Romero-Rodríguez,
• Oscar Juárez,
• Siseth Martínez-Caballero,
• Mario Figueroa and
• Corina-Diana Ceapă

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1800–1816, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.159

• . While some strains exhibit resistance due to changes in the cell wall, biofilm formation, or the expression of resistance proteins such as ABC transporters or proteases [28], specific mutations in nisin have rendered previously resistant strains susceptible [29]. The structural diversity of these

Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA

• Yu Fan,
• Ahmed El Rhaz,
• Stéphane Maisonneuve,
• Emilie Gillon,
• Maha Fatthalla,
• Franck Le Bideau,
• Guillaume Laurent,
• Samir Messaoudi,
• Anne Imberty and
• Juan Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1486–1496, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.132

• -Yvette, France Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS, 92290, Orsay, France Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, ENSTA, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France 10.3762/bjoc.20.132 Abstract Biofilm

• formation is one of main causes of bacterial antimicrobial resistance infections. It is known that the soluble lectins LecA and LecB, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, play a key role in biofilm formation and lung infection. Bacterial lectins are therefore attractive targets for the development of new

• increasingly limited for treatment of infections. PA has been classified as a priority 1 pathogen by the WHO [2][3]. Various approaches to treating PA, in addition to traditional antibiotics, have been developed including inhibition of quorum sensing, biofilm formation, iron chelation, and interfering with

Synthesis of C6-modified mannose 1-phosphates and evaluation of derived sugar nucleotides against GDP-mannose dehydrogenase

• Sanaz Ahmadipour,
• Alice J. C. Wahart,
• Jonathan P. Dolan,
• Laura Beswick,
• Chris S. Hawes,
• Robert A. Field and
• Gavin J. Miller

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1379–1384, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.142

• of alginate overproduction contributes to the PA biofilm environment and the resultant and deleterious bacterial resistance to current antibiotic treatments [2]. Alginate production is therefore established as a major virulence factor within PA respiratory tract infections for CF sufferers, and

Make or break: the thermodynamic equilibrium of polyphosphate kinase-catalysed reactions

• Michael Keppler,
• Sandra Moser,
• Henning J. Jessen,
• Christoph Held and
• Jennifer N. Andexer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1278–1288, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.134

• ; Introduction Polyphosphate (polyP, Figure 1) is a linear polymer of up to thousands of phosphate residues connected by phosphate anhydride bonds. It serves as a phosphate storage molecule and plays a crucial role in biofilm formation and stress responses of cells [1]. So far polyP has been detected in every

A new glance at the chemosphere of macroalgal–bacterial interactions: In situ profiling of metabolites in symbiosis by mass spectrometry

• Marine Vallet,
• Filip Kaftan,
• Veit Grabe,
• Fatemeh Ghaderiardakani,
• Simona Fenizia,
• Aleš Svatoš,
• Georg Pohnert and
• Thomas Wichard

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 1313–1322, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.91

• zwitterion dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), resulting in biofilm formation on the algal surrounding [9]. The bacterium subsequently uses the provided glycerol for growth and transforms DMSP into methanethiol and dimethyl sulphide [9]. The metabolic activities of marine bacteria and algae can be surveyed

• SYBR Gold staining (Figure 3a) as previously described [8][37]. These findings indicated that bacteria are associated with their algal host during symbiosis. In parallel, we visualised the metabolites produced by the biofilm formed around U. mutabilis by imaging analysis with AP-SMALDI-HRMS. Three

• spectrometry. Notably, ectoine was used as a metabolic marker to identify bacteria in the biofilm associated with U. mutabilis and the algal surface. Visualising the spatial distribution of epiphytic bacteria in the phycosphere will contribute to the general understanding of the chemically mediated cross

Secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis impact the assembly of soil-derived semisynthetic bacterial communities

• Heiko T. Kiesewalter,
• Carlos N. Lozano-Andrade,
• Mikael L. Strube and
• Ákos T. Kovács

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 2983–2998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.248

• neighbouring organisms induce and increase the SM production in the tested strains. Bacillus subtilis is a well-studied soil bacterium and is used as a model organism for biofilm formation and sporulation [30]. It has been shown that several members of the B. subtilis species complex have exceptional plant

• soil and demonstrated to impact the biofilm colony development of B. subtilis [54]. Interestingly, the modulation of the biofilm development was mediated by the primary metabolite hypoxanthine secreted by L. fusiformis. Of note, the impact of B. subtilis was not noticed on L. fusiformis in the mixed

• colony biofilm communities, possibly due to the use of the NRP-negative B. subtilis strain 168, which harbours a spontaneous frameshift mutation in the sfp gene [54]. Testing the impact of the natural isolate B. subtilis P5_B1 and the corresponding NRP mutant derivatives revealed that the spent media

Antibacterial scalarane from Doriprismatica stellata nudibranchs (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia), egg ribbons, and their dietary sponge Spongia cf. agaricina (Demospongiae, Dictyoceratida)

• Cora Hertzer,
• Stefan Kehraus,
• Nils Böhringer,
• Fontje Kaligis,
• Robert Bara,
• Dirk Erpenbeck,
• Gert Wörheide,
• Till F. Schäberle,
• Heike Wägele and
• Gabriele M. König

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1596–1605, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.132

• mentioned in previous studies on nudibranch egg ribbons [17][34][35][36]. The antibacterial activity of 12-deacetoxy-4-demethyl-11,24-diacetoxy-3,4-methylenedeoxoscalarin could point towards a potential protective role against bacterial biofilm formation. Unfortunately, the metabolite was unstable over time

Pigmentosins from Gibellula sp. as antibiofilm agents and a new glycosylated asperfuran from Cordyceps javanica

• Soleiman E. Helaly,
• Wilawan Kuephadungphan,
• Patima Phainuphong,
• Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim,
• Kanoksri Tasanathai,
• Suchada Mongkolsamrit,
• Janet Jennifer Luangsa-ard,
• Souwalak Phongpaichit,
• Vatcharin Rukachaisirikul and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2968–2981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.293

• ) derivative, pigmentosin B (2), were isolated from the spider-associated fungus Gibellula sp. Furthermore, a new glycosylated asperfuran 3, together with one new (6) and two known (4 and 5) cyclodepsipeptides, was isolated from Cordyceps javanica. The pigmentosins 1 and 2 showed to be active against biofilm

• formation of Staphylococcus aureus DSM1104. The lack of toxicity toward the studied microorganism and cell lines of pigmentosin B (2), as well as the antimicrobial effect of pigmentosin A (1), made them good candidates for further development for use in combination therapy of infections involving biofilm

• , in particular orthopedic implant-related infections, since implants coated with proteins facilitate bacterial attachment and biofilm development [1]. In general, bacteria are known to employ different strategies to cope with the presence of antibiotics, of which a biofilm, an aggregate of

Skeletocutins M–Q: biologically active compounds from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Skeletocutis sp. collected in Africa

• Tian Cheng,
• Clara Chepkirui,
• Cony Decock,
• Josphat C. Matasyoh and
• Marc Stadler

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 2782–2789, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.270

• , compound 3 moderately inhibited the biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), while compounds 3 and 4 performed moderately in the ʟ-leucine-7-amido-4-methylcoumarin (ʟ-Leu-AMC) inhibition assay. These compounds represent the first secondary metabolites reported to occur in the fruiting bodies

• (B. subtilis), S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Micrococcus luteus (M. luteus). In the antimicrobial assay, compounds 3 and 5 were observed to interfere with the formation of biofilms commonly associated with S. aureus. When compounds 3 and 5 were evaluated for biofilm

• inhibition activity against S. aureus, they showed only weak activity with 20 and 56% inhibition of the biofilm, respectively, at a concentration 256 µg/mL. Tyromycin A (6) was previously reported to be an inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase in HeLa S3 cells [6]. Accordingly, all compounds 1–5 were tested

Novel (2-amino-4-arylimidazolyl)propanoic acids and pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles via the domino reactions of 2-amino-4-arylimidazoles with carbonyl and methylene active compounds

• Victoria V. Lipson,
• Tetiana L. Pavlovska,
• Nataliya V. Svetlichnaya,
• Anna A. Poryvai,
• Nikolay Yu. Gorobets,
• Erik V. Van der Eycken,
• Irina S. Konovalova,
• Svetlana V. Shiskina,
• Alexander V. Borisov,
• Vladimir I. Musatov and
• Alexander V. Mazepa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1032–1045, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.101

• -aminoimidazoles from α-bromocarbonyl compounds and substituted 2-aminopyrimidines. This methodology allowed the rapid synthesis of alkaloids of the isonaamine series [20] and other polysubstituted 2-aminoimidazoles with moderate cytostatic activity [21] and biofilm inhibitory activity against S. Typhimurium and P

Convergent synthesis of the pentasaccharide repeating unit of the biofilms produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae

• Arin Gucchait,
• Angana Ghosh and
• Anup Kumar Misra

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 431–436, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.37

• acid corresponding to the repeating unit of the biofilm producing polysaccharide secreted by K. pneumoniae. The unique feature of this pentasaccharide is that it contains a β-D-mannosidic moiety and a α-D-glucuronic acid moiety, which are known to be challenging from the synthetic point of view. In

• the biofilm producing polysaccharide secreted by K. pneumoniae. A convergent synthesis of a pentasaccharide as its 2-aminoethyl glycoside containing a β-D-mannosidic moiety and a α-D-glucuronic acid moiety is presented herein. The presence of a 2-aminoethyl group at the reducing end of the

• convergent synthesis of a pentasaccharide corresponding to the repeating unit of the biofilm producing polysaccharide secreted by K. pneumoniae as its 2-aminoethyl glycoside has been achieved in good yield. The noteworthy points of the synthetic strategy include stereoselective construction of a β-D

Lectins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis – rarely studied proteins

• Katharina Kolbe,
• Sri Kumar Veleti,
• Norbert Reiling and
• Thisbe K. Lindhorst

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.1

• Abstract The importance of bacterial lectins for adhesion, pathogenicity, and biofilm formation is well established for many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. However, there is very little information available about lectins of the tuberculosis-causing bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb

• shown that MTP is associated with Mtb aggregation and biofilm formation in vitro [116]. The importance of these interactions in patients, however, has yet to be confirmed, as the association of mycobacterial biofilms with bacterial pathogenesis has not yet been conclusively shown in vivo. Besides

• (T4P) are surface-exposed fibers that mediate many functions in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including motility, adhesion to host cells, biofilm formation, DNA uptake, and protein secretion [120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128]. Mtb expresses T4P that appear by electron

Repurposing the anticancer drug cisplatin with the aim of developing novel Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection control agents

• Mingjun Yuan,
• Song Lin Chua,
• Yang Liu,
• Daniela I. Drautz-Moses,
• Joey Kuok Hoong Yam,
• Thet Tun Aung,
• Roger W. Beuerman,
• May Margarette Santillan Salido,
• Stephan C. Schuster,
• Choon-Hong Tan,
• Michael Givskov,
• Liang Yang and
• Thomas E. Nielsen

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 3059–3069, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.284

• 637371 Costerton Biofilm Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 København N, Denmark 10.3762/bjoc.14.284 Abstract Antibiotic resistance threatens effective treatment of microbial infections globally. This situation has spurred the hunt for new antimicrobial

• the secretion of exotoxins. Furthermore, cisplatin was also demonstrated to eradicate in vitro biofilms and in vivo biofilms in a murine keratitis model. This showed that cisplatin could be effectively used to eradicate biofilm infections which were otherwise difficult to be treated by conventional

• infections. Keywords: biofilm; cisplatin; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; resistance; type III secretion; Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading nosocomial pathogen which causes, among others, corneal, chronic otitis media, urinary tract (UTI) and respiratory tract infections [1]. P. aeruginosa is also

N-Acylated amino acid methyl esters from marine Roseobacter group bacteria

• Hilke Bruns,
• Lisa Ziesche,
• Nargis Khakin Taniwal,
• Laura Wolter,
• Thorsten Brinkhoff,
• Jennifer Herrmann,
• Rolf Müller and
• Stefan Schulz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2964–2973, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.276

• medium polar core structure [8][16]. Nevertheless, the ecological function of NAMEs and its derivatives could also be antagonistic activity against concurrent biofilm microorganisms, suggested by the bioactivity of some of the compounds as observed in this study and the antimicrobial and antialgal

Synthesis of pyrrolidine-based hamamelitannin analogues as quorum sensing inhibitors in Staphylococcus aureus

• Jakob Bouton,
• Kristof Van Hecke,
• Reuven Rasooly and
• Serge Van Calenbergh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2822–2828, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.260

• developed and delivered the pyrrolidine analogue in 17 steps in high yield. Chemoselective derivatization of the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom resulted in 6 more compounds. The synthesized compounds were evaluated in a biofilm model, but were all inactive. Keywords: hamamelitannin; iminosugar; pyrrolidine

• ), an inhibitor of the RAP/TRAP (RNAIII-activating protein/target of RAP) quorum sensing system in S. aureus (Figure 1) [12][13][14]. Furthermore, hamamelitannin has been shown to inhibit biofilm formation and to potentiate the activity of antibiotics against staphylococcal biofilms in vitro and in vivo

• . aureus biofilm model, but were all inactive (see Supporting Information File 1). Conclusion A convergent synthetic route for the synthesis of pyrrolidine-based hamamelitannin analogues was developed. The originally envisioned strategy failed due to difficulties in the ring-closing metathesis reaction

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted 4-quinolone analogues of Pseudonocardia sp. natural products

• Stephen M. Geddis,
• Teodora Coroama,
• Suzanne Forrest,
• James T. Hodgkinson,
• Martin Welch and
• David R. Spring

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2680–2688, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.245

• their phenotype in response to changes in population density, regulating virulence and biofilm formation when most impactful to the host organism [5]. This process is mediated by signalling molecules such as PQS, and natural product structures 1–8 analogous to PQS may provide interspecies QS-modulator

Non-native autoinducer analogs capable of modulating the SdiA quorum sensing receptor in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

• Matthew J. Styles and
• Helen E. Blackwell

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2651–2664, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.243

• , host colonization, and biofilm formation at high population densities. This cell–cell signaling process is regulated by N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals, or autoinducers, and LuxR-type receptors in Gram-negative bacteria. SdiA is an orphan LuxR-type receptor found in Escherichia, Salmonella

• to coordinate group beneficial behaviors such as virulence factor production, host colonization, and biofilm formation at high population densities [12]. Gram-negative bacteria typically use N-acyl L-homoserine lactone (AHL) signals for QS, which are produced by LuxI-type synthases and sensed by

Targeting the Pseudomonas quinolone signal quorum sensing system for the discovery of novel anti-infective pathoblockers

• Christian Schütz and
• Martin Empting

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2627–2645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.241

• well as cell envelope properties or biofilm formation [15]. All the mechanisms described above help to explain the notion that established chronic P. aeruginosa infections are notoriously difficult to eradicate. This ubiquitous opportunistic pathogen is able to cause infections basically in every niche

• pathogenicity traits like the production of virulence factors or biofilm formation are under the control of these systems. Actually, title pathogen makes use of four intertwined QS systems, referred to as las, rhl, pqs, and iqs [22]. These subsystems influence each other establishing an intricate regulatory

• response. In terms of pathogenicity traits, they are involved in the regulation of genes encoding for enzymes responsible for phenazine biosynthesis (pyocyanin production), hydrogen cyanide synthesis, Lectins LecA and LecB and additional genes involved in biofilm formation, enzymes for rhamnolipid

Pathoblockers or antivirulence drugs as a new option for the treatment of bacterial infections

• Matthew B. Calvert,
• Varsha R. Jumde and
• Alexander Titz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2607–2617, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.239

• pathogen [10]. 3. Blocking adhesion and biofilm formation Bacterial adhesion to the host’s tissue is the initial step of every infection. In many cases, microbial adhesion is mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, so-called lectins, which recognize glycoconjugates on the surface of cells and tissue

• and invade bladder and kidney tissue, and to promote biofilm formation. Bladder-adhesive FimH is a mannose-specific lectin and the kidney-adhesive PapG binds galactosides. In a second indication, FimH also mediates the attachment of E. coli to the gut, inducing inflammation in Crohn’s disease [13

• that, in addition to antimicrobial resistance, forms biofilms, a complex matrix of extracellular polysaccharides, polypeptides and DNA, which act as an additional protective barrier [30]. P. aeruginosa employs two lectins for biofilm formation and host–cell adhesion: proteins LecA and LecB [31][32

Impact of Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing signaling molecules on adhesion and inflammatory markers in endothelial cells

• Carmen Curutiu,
• Florin Iordache,
• Veronica Lazar,
• Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi,
• Aneta Pop,
• Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc and
• Alina Maria Hoban

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 2580–2588, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.235

• cells were stimulated with 20 µM of main P. aeruginosa QSSMs (OdDHL = N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone, C4HSL = N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone, PQS = 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone and HHQ = 2-heptyl-4-quinolone). Adherence to endothelial cells, inert substratum and biofilm formation was

• evaluated. The expression of adhesion molecules (VE-cadherin, PECAM-1, ICAM-1, and P-selectin) and inflammatory response molecules (IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, TGFβ, and eNOS) was assessed by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Our results showed that bacterial adherence to inert substratum and biofilm were decreased in the

• compromised individuals and in patients with bronchiectasis or cystic fibrosis. The infections become chronic, as P. aeruginosa develops resistance to conventional antibiotics due to its ability to produce virulence factors and modulate immune defenses by quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm production

Defining the hydrophobic interactions that drive competence stimulating peptide (CSP)-ComD binding in Streptococcus pneumoniae

• Bimal Koirala,
• Robert A. Hillman,
• Erin K. Tiwold,
• Michael A. Bertucci and
• Yftah Tal-Gan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1769–1777, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.151

• , swarming, biofilm formation, virulence factor production and competence [3][4][5]. As such, QS has attracted significant attention as a means to control bacterial behaviors (i.e., promote productive processes while attenuating harmful traits). Extensive work aimed at developing small molecule-based QS

• threshold concentration, CSP binds and activates the transmembrane histidine kinase receptor ComD. Upon activation, ComD phosphorylates ComE. Phosphorylated ComE then autoactivates the competence QS circuit and upregulates the expression of genes involved in virulence factor production, biofilm formation

Continuous multistep synthesis of 2-(azidomethyl)oxazoles

• Thaís A. Rossa,
• Nícolas S. Suveges,
• Marcus M. Sá,
• David Cantillo and
• C. Oliver Kappe

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 506–514, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.36

• 1,4-disubstituted triazoles 8 through click reaction between 2-azidomethyl-4,5-diaryloxazoles and alkynes in the presence of a copper(I) catalyst (Scheme 2). The authors were able to synthesize an array of small-molecule peptidomimetics that inhibited Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation [34

Binding abilities of polyaminocyclodextrins: polarimetric investigations and biological assays

• Marco Russo,
• Daniele La Corte,
• Annalisa Pisciotta,
• Serena Riela,
• Rosa Alduina and
• Paolo Lo Meo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2751–2763, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.271

• resistance genes) and the emergence of multidrug resistant strains [59]. In addition, extracellular DNA has been shown to be important for biofilm establishment and maintenance by pathogenic bacteria, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus [60][61][62]. Some other bacteria, such as E. coli

• further remark, we can outline that the latter apparently negative result is quite intriguing indeed, because we may envisage a possible use of our materials as scavengers of extracellular DNA (eDNA). As a matter of fact, recent studies have shown that eDNA is important for biofilm establishment and

• maintenance by pathogenic bacteria, such as P. aeruginosa and S. aureus [60][61][62]. In addition, eDNA with its negative charge can sequester cationic antibiotics contributing to antibiotic resistance; thus, removing eDNA from the biofilm matrix can weaken the biofilm and can raise its susceptibility to