Oxidation of [3]naphthylenes to cations and dications converts local paratropicity into global diatropicity

• Abel Cárdenas,
• Zexin Jin,
• Yong Ni,
• Jishan Wu,
• Yan Xia,
• Francisco Javier Ramírez and
• Juan Casado

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 277–285, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.20

• systems in which charge defects are responsible for conductivity in their corresponding conducting polymers. Acenes are the archetypal structure of small polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with a π-electron structure expanded over a sequence of linearly fused benzenes [4]. Whereas acenes, up to substituted

Synthesis of cyclic β-1,6-oligosaccharides from glucosamine monomers by electrochemical polyglycosylation

• Md Azadur Rahman,
• Hirofumi Endo,
• Takashi Yamamoto,
• Shoma Okushiba,
• Norihiko Sasaki and
• Toshiki Nokami

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.124

• polymerization of organic molecules is an important strategy for the preparation of functional materials, such as conducting polymers [1][2][3][4][5]. Electrochemical reactions can be controlled by electric potential or current, electrodes, and electrolytes, which are not available in conventional chemical

Efficient synthesis of polyfunctionalized carbazoles and pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles via domino Diels–Alder reaction

• Ren-Jie Fang,
• Chen Yan,
• Jing Sun,
• Ying Han and
• Chao-Guo Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2425–2432, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.159

• hand, carbazole derivatives also have potential applications in optoelectronic materials, conducting polymers, and synthetic dyes [9][10][11]. Over the past decades, many efficient synthetic methodologies for functionalized carbazole derivatives have been successfully developed [12][13][14][15][16][17

Synthesis and properties of tetrathiafulvalenes bearing 6-aryl-1,4-dithiafulvenes

• Aya Yoshimura,
• Hitoshi Kimura,
• Kohei Kagawa,
• Mayuka Yoshioka,
• Toshiki Itou,
• Dhananjayan Vasu,
• Takashi Shirahata,
• Hideki Yorimitsu and
• Yohji Misaki

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 974–981, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.86

• ion complexes with DDQ or iodine were reported [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Peripherally thiophene-functionalized TTFs, as potential precursors to conducting polymers, and organic metals were also prepared and characterized [25][26][27][28][29]. To design more tempting molecules, the attachment

Selenophene-containing heterotriacenes by a C–Se coupling/cyclization reaction

• Pierre-Olivier Schwartz,
• Sebastian Förtsch,
• Astrid Vogt,
• Elena Mena-Osteritz and
• Peter Bäuerle

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2019, 15, 1379–1393, doi:10.3762/bjoc.15.138

• P1–P4 in a monomer-free electrolyte showed broad and unstructured redox waves typical for conducting polymers reflecting the inhomogeneity of the material containing various electrophoric moieties due to variations in the (conjugated) chain length and conformational issues [52]. As well the

• values from P(DTT) P1 (Eg = 1.79 eV) to P2–P4 (Eg = 1.66–1.67 eV). The oxidized polymers gave as expected very broad and flat absorption bands from the visible to the NIR regime of the spectra (400–1600 nm) which is typical for conducting polymers, but hamper the determination of maxima (Table S7, Figure

• triacenes. Electrooxidative polymerization of triacenes 1–4 led to corresponding conducting polymers P1–P4, which were electrochemically and spectroelectrochemically characterized and the properties compared to the non-bridged counterparts. Experimental Instruments and measurements NMR spectra were recorded

Dicarboxylic esters: Useful tools for the biocatalyzed synthesis of hybrid compounds and polymers

• Ivan Bassanini,
• Karl Hult and
• Sergio Riva

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1583–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.174

• chemical means. The synthesized products can find a wide range of applications such as drug/gene delivery systems, flame retardant materials, conducting polymers, controlled release systems, diagnostic agents, and polymeric electrolytes for nano-crystalline solar cells. Curcumin (37) was converted to a

Electrochemical oxidation of cholesterol

• Jacek W. Morzycki and
• Andrzej Sobkowiak

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 392–402, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.45

• immobilization of an enzyme on the electrode covered with different conducting polymers often embedded with carbon nanotubes and/or metal nanoparticles [52][53][54][55][56]. Chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, has also been utilized for sensor fabrication [57][58]. Cholesterol oxidase has been

IR and electrochemical synthesis and characterization of thin films of PEDOT grown on platinum single crystal electrodes in [EMMIM]Tf₂N ionic liquid

• Andrea P. Sandoval,
• Marco F. Suárez-Herrera and
• Juan M. Feliu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 348–357, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.40

• reaction of PEDOT were studied using in situ FTIR spectroscopy. Keywords: AFM; [EMMIM]Tf2N ionic liquid; in situ IR; PEDOT; Pt single crystals; Introduction Conducting polymers have been subject of an intense research during the last decades because they exhibit high conductivity and interesting optical

• paid to the use of electrochemical methods to synthesize conducting polymers due to the high degree of control afforded during the polymerization reaction. On the other hand, thin films of conducting polymers are more suitable to explore electrochemical properties such as stability, capacitance

• ) < Pt(110) < Pt(111) [6]. The synthesis of other conducting polymers on well-defined surfaces [7][8][9][10] and templates [11] also has shown how the surface affects their adhesion, coverage, morphology and redox kinetics. On the other hand, the synthesis of conducting polymers in ionic liquids (ILs

Functionalized branched EDOT-terthiophene copolymer films by electropolymerization and post-polymerization “click”-reactions

• Miriam Goll,
• Adrian Ruff,
• Erna Muks,
• Felix Goerigk,
• Beatrice Omiecienski,
• Ines Ruff,
• Rafael C. González-Cano,
• Juan T. Lopez Navarrete,
• M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado and
• Sabine Ludwigs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 335–347, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.39

• films from water contact angles of 140° down to 40°. Keywords: band-gap engineering; “click”-chemistry; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; Raman spectroscopy; surface functionalization; Introduction The many different applications of conducting polymers demand for tailored properties

• ], Bäuerle et al. [35] and Visy et al. [36] synthesized sulfonic acid and carboxylic acid functionalized polythiophenes to study the so called “self-doping” effect of conducting polymers [37]. Interwoven polymeric composite materials based on polymer blends were obtained by electrodepositing sulfonic acid

Air-stable, recyclable, and time-efficient diphenylphosphinite cellulose-supported palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions

• Qingwei Du and
• Yiqun Li

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 378–385, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.48

• the most powerful tools for the preparation of unsymmetrical biaryl compounds [4] and has been applied to many areas, including pharmaceuticals, herbicides, and natural products, as well as in the fields of engineering materials, such as conducting polymers, molecular wires, liquid crystals and

The efficient synthesis of dibenzo[d,d′]benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene and cyclopenta[1,2-b:4,3-b′]bis(benzo[d]thiophen)-6-one

• Zhihua Wang,
• Sheng Zhu,
• Jianwu Shi and
• Hua Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2009, 5, No. 55, doi:10.3762/bjoc.5.55

• ][11][24][25]. Because of higher π-electron delocalization, compounds 1 and 2 could be used in OFET and/or conducting polymers. From 3 as starting material, 1 and 2 have been efficiently obtained in a total yield of 60% and 79%, respectively, in our work. The efficient synthesis of 1 and 2 will

One-pot preparation of substituted pyrroles from α-diazocarbonyl compounds

• Fernando de C. da Silva,
• Mauricio G. Fonseca,
• Renata de S. Rianelli,
• Anna C. Cunha,
• Maria C. B. V. de Souza and
• Vitor F. Ferreira

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2008, 4, No. 45, doi:10.3762/bjoc.4.45

• -carbaldehyde (6) followed by reaction with primary amines. Keywords: diazocarbonyl; dihydrofuran; one-pot synthesis; pyrrole; Introduction The pyrrole unit [1] occurs in many interesting classes of compounds such as pharmaceutical agents [2][3][4][5], conducting polymers [6][7], molecular optics [8][9][10