Recent advances in transition-metal-free arylation reactions involving hypervalent iodine salts

• Ritu Mamgain,
• Kokila Sakthivel and
• Fateh V. Singh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2891–2920, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.243

A review of recent advances in electrochemical and photoelectrochemical late-stage functionalization classified by anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, and paired electrolysis

• Nian Li,
• Ruzal Sitdikov,
• Ajit Prabhakar Kale,
• Joost Steverlynck,
• Bo Li and
• Magnus Rueping

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2500–2566, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.214

Dienophilic reactivity of 2-phosphaindolizines: a conceptual DFT investigation

• Nosheen Beig,
• Aarti Peswani and
• Raj Kumar Bansal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1217–1224, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.127

• organophosphorus compounds. Computational Methods All calculations were done using the Gaussian 16 program [29]. We found that almost without exception, hybrid of Becke 3 and LYP correlation functional [30][31] has been used for determining reactivity descriptors [32][33][34][35] and the results were found to be

Highly regio- and stereoselective phosphinylphosphination of terminal alkynes with tetraphenyldiphosphine monoxide under radical conditions

• Dat Phuc Tran,
• Yuki Sato,
• Yuki Yamamoto,
• Shin-ichi Kawaguchi,
• Shintaro Kodama,
• Akihiro Nomoto and
• Akiya Ogawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 866–872, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.72

• variety of terminal alkynes including both alkyl- and arylalkynes. Keywords: (E)-1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene derivative; radical addition; stereoselective phosphinylphosphination; terminal alkyne; tetraphenyldiphosphine monoxide; Introduction Organophosphorus compounds are an essential class of

• compounds in catalytic technologies, biochemistry, and materials [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In particular, in coordination chemistry and catalyst chemistry, organophosphorus compounds such as triorganylphosphines are widely used as typical monodentate ligands for many metals [7][8]. In addition, diphosphines such

Metal-free synthesis of phosphinoylchroman-4-ones via a radical phosphinoylation–cyclization cascade mediated by K₂S₂O₈

• Qiang Liu,
• Weibang Lu,
• Guanqun Xie and
• Xiaoxia Wang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1974–1982, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.164

• appropriate radical precursors through visible-light promoted systems [15][16], transition-metal-catalyzed systems [17][18], or transition-metal-free systems [19][20], have emerged as a powerful strategy for the synthesis of diversely functionalized chroman-4-one derivatives. Organophosphorus compounds are

• for a huge number of organic reactions [21][22][23][24][25][26]. Due to the importance of the chroman-4-one scaffold on one hand and that of organophosphorus compounds on the other, the development of concise and efficient approaches for the synthesis of chroman-4-one derivatives decorated with

The McKenna reaction – avoiding side reactions in phosphonate deprotection

• Katarzyna Justyna,
• Joanna Małolepsza,
• Damian Kusy,
• Waldemar Maniukiewicz and
• Katarzyna M. Błażewska

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1436–1446, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.119

• the mild deprotection of organophosphorus esters. However, the benefits of this reaction are sometimes overshadowed by side reactions taking place when polyfunctional organophosphorus compounds are involved. Here, we evaluated experiments that did not work, the so called “dark data” [21], and we

Synthesis, antiinflammatory activity, and molecular docking studies of bisphosphonic esters as potential MMP-8 and MMP-9 inhibitors

• Abimelek Cortes-Pacheco,
• María Adelina Jiménez-Arellanes,
• Francisco José Palacios-Can,
• José Antonio Valcarcel-Gamiño,
• Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández,
• María del Carmen Juárez-Vázquez,
• Adolfo López-Torres and
• Oscar Abelardo Ramírez-Marroquín

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 1277–1287, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.108

• docking; organophosphorus compounds; Introduction Bisphosphonic acids (or bisphosphonates) are organophosphorus compounds characterized by a P–C–P moiety. These organic compounds are valuable drugs for the treatment of bone diseases as osteoporosis, Paget’s disease, and malignant hypercalcemia [1][2][3

Copper-catalyzed O-alkenylation of phosphonates

• Nuria Vázquez-Galiñanes,
• Mariña Andón-Rodríguez,
• Patricia Gómez-Roibás and
• Martín Fañanás-Mastral

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 611–615, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.56

• valuable enol phosphonates in very good yields. Keywords: alkenylation; copper; C(sp2)–O bond formation; hypervalent iodine; phosphonates; Introduction Organophosphorus compounds represent an important class of products with a wide range of applications in biology, agriculture and synthetic organic

[1,3]/[1,4]-Sulfur atom migration in β-hydroxyalkylphosphine sulfides

• Katarzyna Włodarczyk,
• Piotr Borowski and
• Marek Stankevič

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2020, 16, 88–105, doi:10.3762/bjoc.16.11

• phosphonate–phosphinate rearrangement of dimethyl phosphonates [50]. Other [1,3]-rearrangements of organophosphorus compounds include phosphoenolpyruvate formation from phosphonopyruvate [51], benzylphosphonium salt formation from the corresponding o-methylaryl-substituted precursors [52], or the formation of

• -hydroxyalkylphosphine sulfides, and therefore, an alternative methodology had to be developed for the synthesis of chiral organophosphorus compounds possessing either phosphaindane or benzophosphorinane skeletons. As such, it was decided to test the ability of Lewis acids to catalyze the cyclization of β

• . The nature of this difference is currently a subject of further research in our laboratory. Nevertheless, the above results opened a new pathway for the synthesis of bicyclic organophosphorus compounds possessing a chirality center at phosphorus. Moreover, the formation of the bicyclic compounds

Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel benzophospholo[3,2-b]indole derivatives

• Mio Matsumura,
• Mizuki Yamada,
• Atsuya Muranaka,
• Misae Kanai,
• Naoki Kakusawa,
• Daisuke Hashizume,
• Masanobu Uchiyama and
• Shuji Yasuike

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2304–2309, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.226

• may be associated with the low fluorescence quantum yields. Conclusion A series of novel indole-fused phospholes were synthesized by simple chemical modifications at the trivalent phosphorus center. These organophosphorus compounds generated a whole series of derivatives from only one precursor. The X

Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules

• Tapas Kumar Achar,
• Anima Bose and
• Prasenjit Mal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1907–1931, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.186

• synthesis under mechanochemical conditions. Phosphonylation of benzothiazole and thiazole derivatives were done with organophosphorus compounds using 3 equiv of Mn(OAc)3·2H2O in a mixer mill for 1.5 h. Benzothiazole or thiazole rings having electron-donating or -withdrawing groups worked efficiently under

• this protocol. Different organophosphorus compounds including phosphine oxides, phosphinate ester, and phosphonate diester underwent C–P bond formation to give 22–94% of yield (Scheme 42). This method was also found to be applicable in gram scale synthesis with excellent yield. Mechanistically they

Structure–efficiency relationships of cyclodextrin scavengers in the hydrolytic degradation of organophosphorus compounds

• Sophie Letort,
• Michaël Bosco,
• Benedetta Cornelio,
• Frédérique Brégier,
• Sébastien Daulon,
• Géraldine Gouhier and
• François Estour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 417–427, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.45

• ; Introduction Originally employed as pesticides, organophosphorus compounds were further developed as chemical warfare agents during the Second World War. These compounds act as potent irreversible inhibitors of cholinesterases [1][2][3][4][5][6] and are able to cause lethal intoxications [3]. Despite the

• measures adopted to reduce the risk of accidental poisoning by pesticides [7][8][9][10][11] and the Chemical Weapons Convention aiming at the non-proliferation of chemical weapons or their precursors, organophosphorus compounds still constitute a threat to civilian and military people. Moreover, due to the

• the organophosphorus compounds on the hydrolysis process. In a first step, 2-iodosobenzoic acid (IBA) was used as reference compound to assess the efficiencies of derivatives 1, 2, and 3 towards the hydrolysis of methyl paraoxon (Figure 5). All scavengers 1–3 accelerated the transformation of the

Multicomponent reactions: A simple and efficient route to heterocyclic phosphonates

• Mohammad Haji

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 1269–1301, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.121

• an important class of organophosphorus compounds that has attracted the attention of both industrial and medicinal chemists [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Many efforts have been made to prepare these bioactive compounds over the last 60 years [13]. There are two general approaches to the synthesis of

Superstructures with cyclodextrins: chemistry and applications III

• Gerhard Wenz and
• Eric Monflier

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 937–938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.91

• , the group of F. Estour has published an update on the current application of CDs for the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds [14]. In fact, the bowl-shaped structure of cyclodextrins is ideally suited for the design of new chemical scavengers for organophosphorus compounds, allowing these

Aluminacyclopentanes in the synthesis of 3-substituted phospholanes and α,ω-bisphospholanes

• Vladimir A. D’yakonov,
• Alevtina L. Makhamatkhanova,
• Rina A. Agliullina,
• Leisan K. Dilmukhametova,
• Tat’yana V. Tyumkina and
• Usein M. Dzhemilev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 406–412, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.43

• organophosphorus compounds (OPC) is the direct transformation of five-membered metallacarbocycles based on transition metals to phosphacarbocycles on treatment with phosphorus dihalides. For example, a method for the direct conversion of zirconacyclopentenes [1][2][3][4] and zirconacyclopentadienes [5] to

• , in our opinion, the development of these reactions would give rise to practically promising one-pot methods for the preparation of a broad range of cyclic and acyclic organophosphorus compounds of specified structure (phospholanes, phospholenes, phospholes and 1,2- and 1,4-diphosphorus compounds

• cyclic organophosphorus compounds. Results and Discussion First, we studied the effect of the structure of substituent in position 3 of the initial aluminacyclopentanes on the yield of target phospholanes. Under the selected conditions (toluene, 20–22 °С, 30 min), 3-alkyl-substituted aluminacyclopentanes

Interactions of cyclodextrins and their derivatives with toxic organophosphorus compounds

• Sophie Letort,
• Sébastien Balieu,
• William Erb,
• Géraldine Gouhier and
• François Estour

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 204–228, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.23

• scavengers able to trap and hydrolyze the organophosphorus compounds before they reach their biological target. Keywords: cyclodextrin; enzyme mimic; nerve agents; organophosphorus compounds; pesticides; Introduction Due to their biological activities, organophosphorus compounds have had considerable

• molecules may compromise their activity as poor distribution or passive diffusion across cell membranes are the usual drawbacks associated with their use. Developed after World War II, organophosphorus compounds were used as antitumor [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], antiviral [9][10][11][12], antihypertensive [13

• organophosphorus compounds, CDs have gained a significant attention for a variety of applications such as sensors for detection [31][32] or materials for nerve agents decontamination [33]. Various analytical methods exist to monitor the NOPs exposure [34][35][36]. However, these are long, expensive, required

Aerobic addition of secondary phosphine oxides to vinyl sulfides: a shortcut to 1-hydroxy-2-(organosulfanyl)ethyl(diorganyl)phosphine oxides

• Svetlana F. Malysheva,
• Alexander V. Artem’ev,
• Nina K. Gusarova,
• Nataliya A. Belogorlova,
• Alexander I. Albanov,
• C. W. Liu and
• Boris A. Trofimov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1985–1990, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.214

• )phosphine oxides in 70–93% yields. Keywords: addition; green method; phosphine oxides; regioselectivity; vinyl sulfides; Findings Tertiary phosphines and phosphine chalcogenides are important organophosphorus compounds that are widely used in industry, organic synthesis, polymer science, medicinal and

• exclusively the anti-Markovnikov adducts (Scheme 2). On the other hand, vinyl ethers and vinyl selenides (congeners of vinyl sulfides) were found to react with phosphine oxide 1a at 80 °C for about 30 and 20 h, respectively, to deliver difficult-to-separate mixtures of organophosphorus compounds (31P NMR). To

Synthesis of γ-hydroxypropyl P-chirogenic (±)-phosphorus oxide derivatives by regioselective ring-opening of oxaphospholane 2-oxide precursors

• Iris Binyamin,
• Shoval Meidan-Shani and
• Nissan Ashkenazi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 1332–1339, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.143

• ; oxaphospholanes; phosphinates; phosphine oxides; Introduction Organophosphorus compounds containing phosphorus to carbon bond(s) are widely used in organic transformations. Textbook examples are the Wittig and the Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions. Moreover, the vast majority of ligands used in organometallic

• catalysis possess this bond(s). Among which organophosphorus compounds bearing three different alkyl (or aryl) ligands are of a great interest, as such compounds possess the essential backbone for P-chirogenic derivatives [1][2][3]. The formation of P–C bonds [4][5][6] may be classified into two main types

• TBP phosphorane intermediate is formed, which could not undergo pseudorotation due to a high energetic barrier. The endocyclic P–O bond is cleaved almost exclusively (Scheme 4) to form the respective phosphinates and phosphine oxides in high yields. Propargyl organophosphorus compounds present a

Enhancing the reactivity of 1,2-diphospholes in cycloaddition reactions

• Almaz Zagidullin,
• Vasili Miluykov,
• Elena Oshchepkova,
• Artem Tufatullin,
• Olga Kataeva and
• Oleg Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2015, 11, 169–173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.11.17

• of electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) at the phosphorus atom or (b) the introduction of EWGs to the carbon atoms of aryl substituents. This work will provide access to new polycyclic, organophosphorus compounds having significant potential as weak, bulky ligands in homogeneous catalysis [12][13][14

Organophosphorus chemistry

• Paul R. Hanson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 2087–2088, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.217

• Paul R. Hanson Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, 1251 Wescoe Hall Drive, Lawrence, KS 66045-7582, USA 10.3762/bjoc.10.217 Keywords: organophosphorus; Organophosphorus compounds are ubiquitous in nature, and due to their innate chemical properties, serve a fundamental role in a

• phosphanylidenecarbenes and phosphoryl azides, and bisphosphonate ethers as promising inhibitors of geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (GGDPS). The articles and reviews capture the emerging potential of organophosphorus compounds and exciting opportunities in the field, and hopefully, will inspire and motivate

Preparation of phosphines through C–P bond formation

• Iris Wauters,
• Wouter Debrouwer and
• Christian V. Stevens

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1064–1096, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.106

• ; enantioselectivity; hydrophosphination; organophosphorus chemistry; phosphines; phosphine-boranes; substitution reactions; trivalent phosphorus; Introduction Phosphines are an important class of organophosphorus compounds. They are often used as ligands in metal complex catalysis and they have become a popular

Theoretical studies on the intramolecular cyclization of 2,4,6-t-Bu₃C₆H₂P=C: and effects of conjugation between the P=C and aromatic moieties

• Masaaki Yoshifuji and
• Shigekazu Ito

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 1032–1036, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.103

• number of unique organophosphorus compounds [5][6]. The phosphorus version of Fritsch–Buttenberg–Wiechell (FBW) reaction [7][8][9][10] of Mes*P=C(X)Li (X = halogen, Mes* = 2,4,6-t-Bu3C6H2) affording an air-stable phosphaalkyne Mes*C≡P is a typical example for understanding the chemistry of a

Phosphinate-containing heterocycles: A mini-review

• Olivier Berger and
• Jean-Luc Montchamp

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2014, 10, 732–740, doi:10.3762/bjoc.10.67

• organophosphorus compounds: the phosphinates R1R2P(O)(OR) [9]. Because the phosphinic acid moiety P(O)OH can mimic carboxylic acids, its incorporation into heterocycles may offer new opportunities for the discovery of biologically active analogs. However, little or no biological data is available at this time

Homolytic substitution at phosphorus for C–P bond formation in organic synthesis

• Hideki Yorimitsu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 1269–1277, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.143

• Hideki Yorimitsu Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan ACT-C, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.9.143 Abstract Organophosphorus compounds are important in organic chemistry. This

• review article covers emerging, powerful synthetic approaches to organophosphorus compounds by homolytic substitution at phosphorus with a carbon-centered radical. Phosphination reagents include diphosphines, chalcogenophosphines and stannylphosphines, which bear a weak P–heteroatom bond for homolysis

• . This article deals with two transformations, radical phosphination by addition across unsaturated C–C bonds and substitution of organic halides. Keywords: addition; free radical; homolysis; phosphine; radical; substitution; Introduction Organophosphorus compounds constitute an important class of

Asymmetric Diels–Alder reaction with >C=P– functionality of the 2-phosphaindolizine-η¹-P-aluminium(O-menthoxy) dichloride complex: experimental and theoretical results

• Rajendra K. Jangid,
• Nidhi Sogani,
• Neelima Gupta,
• Raj K. Bansal,
• Moritz von Hopffgarten and
• Gernot Frenking

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2013, 9, 392–400, doi:10.3762/bjoc.9.40

• phosphinine [15]. We recently compiled a review on the DA reactions involving the >C=P– functionality of various organophosphorus compounds wherein all these aspects have been discussed [16]. During the past few years, we have investigated the DA reaction with the >C=P– functionality of 1,3-azaphospholes