Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• ambient exposure detected on the surface. This is of note as the graphene/Cu interaction strength is known to depend on the Cu crystal orientation as well as the epitaxial relationship [49][50][51], which leads to anisotropy in the Cu oxidation rate at the graphene/Cu interface for different Cu

• interface with the Cu foil substrate. Upon annealing, the interfacial PO3− signal is observed to diffuse to the surface of the PVD layer, indicating that the phosphorous species are very mobile within the Cu. The sulphur signal that was previously observed is no longer detectable, indicating that the

• corresponding sulphur compound is likely to be volatile under the annealing conditions. This all suggests that it is unlikely possible to prevent P buildup at the surface or interface between graphene and Cu foils, where P is present within the foils prior to growth, due to the apparent stability of these

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• between the same HSPC-based formulations. The enhanced encapsulation of R-PE with increasing HSPC content may reflect improved bilayer stability or more favorable partitioning into the aqueous core or thebilayer interface. In all formulations analyzed, the EE% of R-PE exceeded 90%, indicating a remarkably

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• bronze interface, thus reducing leaching and enhancing long-term protection. These effects are believed to be a direct consequence of the presumed formation of Cu–inhibitor complexes, attenuating inhibitor release into the environment. In contrast, BTA and MPT were less stable and contributed to faster

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• discharge and 456, 310, 272, and 284 mAh/g for charge for samples M300, T400, T600, and T800, respectively, in the fifth charge–discharge cycle. Such a behavior stems from the formation and growth of a solid electrolyte interface on the negative electrode [52]. The current density increase during these

• XPS spectra: samples T600 and T800. Funding The research leading to these results has received funding from the National Centre for Research and Development, Poland, under Grant Agreement No. MERA.NET3/2021/83/I4BAGS/2022 for project “Ion Implantation for Innovative Interface modifications in Battery

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• , we supplement the above equations with two pairs of the boundary conditions (two for each S/N interface) of the following type: Here, γB = RBσl/ξl, γ = ξrσl/ξlσr where σl(r) is the conductivity of the material on the left (right) side of the interface. The parameter γ controls the slope of the

• Green’s functions at the interface, whereas γB controls the mismatch between the functions at the interface. While for identical materials γ = 1, in general, this parameter may have arbitrary values. γB is the parameter that determines the transparency of the S/F interface [83][84][85]. The final problem

• in a substantially suppressed superconducting state. Finally, we can see how the interface transparency affects η. Higher transparency can increase the efficiency up to 40%, however at smaller critical currents. The interface transparency γB is an important parameter of the system, which, in

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• [5] and physicochemical properties [6]. Among these properties, particle adhesion (which is determined by the interaction between the NP and the substrate) and the interface formed between NPs and substrate [7][8] play a decisive role. Particularly when the contact area between NPs and the substrate

• /substrate interface [43] might be possible reasons. In addition, since Si(100) substrates are naturally covered by a thin native SiO2 layer under ambient conditions and may form a mixed SiOxNy surface after N2 plasma cleaning, local modification of this oxide or oxynitride layer by NP impact, such as

• still result in high forces in the small region at the NP/substrate interface. However, under such low-energetic conditions there is a good chance that NPs deposit “softly” at their landing sites, becoming immobilized with minimal distortion and no significant surface damage. Figure 3 represents an

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 core and the MnFe2O shell. This strain distorts the tetrahedral FeO4 units, further stiffening the Fe–O bonds, while electronic coupling and potential cation redistribution at the interface increase the vibrational frequency. These structural and electronic effects collectively explain the

• moment than those observed for single-phase materials [7]. This is consistent with findings from previous reports that show that bimagnetic core–shell NPs exhibit higher SAR values than single-component systems [7]. This enhancement is attributed to the interface exchange coupling effect, which improves

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• , we demonstrate that geometric factors, such as interface curvature, significantly affect the decay exponent of the Cooper pair wave function, with negative curvature increasing the proximity range exponent and positive curvature shortening it. Furthermore, we discuss how the geometry of the NS

• interface governs the transparency of the clean NS junction and thus influences the proximity effect. These results deepen our understanding of how geometry and the proximity effect interact, which is important for the design and optimization of superconducting hybrid devices. Keywords: Bogoliubov–de

• electrons from the normal side scatter into the superconductor, suppressing the superconducting order parameter near the interface [5][6][7]. In the normal region, the absence of intrinsic attractive electron–electron interaction causes Cooper pairs to break up beyond a characteristic length scale, namely

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi Zeynep Altintas Division of Bioinspired Materials and Biosensor Technologies, Institute of Materials Science, Faculty of Engineering, Kiel University, 24143, Kiel, Germany Kiel Nano, Surface and Interface Science (KiNSIS), Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany

• plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors operate through a simple and effective mechanism in five key steps: (i) An electromagnetic field at the metal–dielectric interface excites coherent electron oscillations in the metal; (ii) this leads to the generation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs; i.e., oscillating

• 5.9–24.8 μg/L and 180–914 ng/L, respectively [116]. Wiesholler et al. developed a self-assembled nanoengineered interface to facilitate direct detection of VB12 in serum through a simple luminescence method. Here, VB12 in serum was the recognition target, thulium (Tm3+)-doped sodium yttrium fluoride

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• organic layers. In contrast, VSFG was applied to obtain interface-sensitive information on CH and OH bonds at the AuNP/air interface, under hydration and dehydration. We also used a deuterated water (D2O) atmosphere to distinguish the mannosyl hydroxy groups from adsorbed and absorbed water. Absorption is

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• Pt(111) surface, graphene, and h-BH using the QuantumWise ATK interface builder. The process involves strain minimization in the lattice mismatch by symmetry multiplication of the unit cells. The junctions shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 have 1.06% distributed strain over Pt and graphene or h-BN. The

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• effective exposure of surface facets to the reaction medium. Green-synthesized nanoparticles in various studies have consistently shown elevated FRAP responses compared to their bulk counterparts, due to improved electron transfer kinetics at the nano–bio interface [51][52]. When considered alongside DPPH

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• dynamics to capture molecular interactions at the spatula–substrate interface and finite element method to simulate the mechanical behavior of the larger setal shaft. This hybrid approach enables synchronized simulations that resolve both fine-scale interfacial dynamics and overall structural deformation

• ][20] are necessary to capture both large-scale geometry and local molecular interactions at the adhesive interface. There have been several pure finite element studies of gecko adhesion, which examine mechanisms like peeling from and pushing (loading) onto a substrate [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28

• interface state at the next iteration. Practically, it exposes cross-scale observables that pure MD or pure FEM cannot provide, that is, redistribution of forces across branches (anchor-point loads), spatula-resolved contact maps and sliding velocities during seta preloading/pull-off, and detachment order

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• ). Ultrastructure of the cement SEM observations of the tubes made up of glass beads show that the beads are connected one to another by four to five cement spots with diameters ranging from 100 to 160 µm (Figure 2A–C). Cement spots display a smooth outer skin both at their margin and at the interface with the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• formed at the interface of the plasma and surrounding liquid. Here, the plasma is subjected to fast cooling due to the energy exchange with the surrounding liquid, resulting in nonequilibrium conditions of particle nucleation and growth. This results in the formation of various nanostructure morphologies

• [8]. Therefore, it can be assumed that manipulating the shape of the laser-induced plasma to enlarge the plasma–liquid interface area may increase the fraction of nonspherical nanoparticles. These conditions can be achieved by application of external electric fields as shown below. As an example

• way to the NPs discussed above [79]. This concept was introduced in the works of the A. Manshina group, who developed a remarkably different method of NP production at the target/liquid interface, where the continuous wave laser reduces the precursors at the substrate surface, resulting in the

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• -water (O/W) nanoemulsions is more effective when the droplets are spherical and have diameters close to 200 nm. This enhanced effect has been attributed to increased Laplace pressure, which refers to the pressure difference between the interior and exterior of a curved interface, and leads to higher

• surface curvature and increased solute concentration at the droplet interface in the aqueous phase. Such structural features can promote a higher drug flux and localized delivery in the skin layers [34][35][36]. Chiu et al. (2024) reported a significant increase in curcumin skin permeability when carried

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• surfactants and results in lower polymer chain yields. Interfacial polymerization, in contrast, is characterized by the reaction of two monomers dissolved in immiscible phases, leading to polymer formation at the interface [35][36]. Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of these methods and the most commonly

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• interactions [79], begin to emerge. Chen et al. [80] showed that CDP and SOX2 expression levels were highly correlated with late ESCC, verified that CDP and SOX2 interacted in ESCC cell lines (KYSE450 and KYSE30 cells), and confirmed the interaction interface between these two proteins. Peptide aptamer p58

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• addition to PFAs, phospholipids are notable for their structure, which includes a hydrophilic part (phosphate groups) and a hydrophobic part (fatty acid chains). This unique configuration allows phospholipids to interact at the interface between the lipid and aqueous layers of the tear film, increasing its

• due to deformability, causing minor phase loss or changes. Despite an initial droplet size larger than 220 nm, the surfactant-rich interface enables passage through the membrane. The filtration also helps exclude larger, unstable droplets, improving size uniformity. PES membranes are thus effective

• the droplets and PdI values decreased, indicating improved uniformity. PdI values below 0.3 suggest greater size homogeneity [79]. Under the same ultrasound emulsification conditions, the droplet diameter reaches an optimal point, indicating surfactant saturation at the droplet interface. This reduces

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• , Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden 10.3762/bjnano.16.118 Abstract Ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) has emerged as an important technique for investigating surface and interface chemistry under realistic conditions, overcoming the limitations of conventional XPS

• , and the main Ni 2p peak broadens due to the emergence of an additional peak at 857.4 eV attributed to NiOOH. This indicates that photoexcitation triggers oxidation and structural changes, consistent with plasmon-driven electron excitation at the Ni/NiO interface. The authors propose a mechanism where

• material is to obtain a clean interface between the materials, which is critical for the proper function of the potential devices. In situ and operando APXPS has been utilized in many works to study the deposition of HfO2 on InAs to elucidate the chemical reactions that occur as those layers are grown in

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• methods for developing PNCs involve appropriate materials and various production techniques, including emulsion polymerization, layer-by-layer self-assembly, interface polymerization, nanoprecipitation, spray-drying, and supercritical fluids [179][180]. This technology offers the ability to encapsulate

Bioinspired polypropylene-based functionally graded materials and metamaterials modeling the mistletoe–host interface

• Lina M. Rojas González,
• Naeim Ghavidelnia,
• Christoph Eberl and
• Max D. Mylo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1592–1606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.113

• striking example is the hemiparasitic European mistletoe (Viscum album), which forms a lifelong (over 20 years) connection with its host tree, providing physiological supply and mechanical anchorage. The V-shaped interface between mistletoe and host is characterized by a lignification and cell wall

• gradient that bridges the mechanical differences between the adjacent tissues. These characteristics of the mistletoe–host interface can be transferred to functionally graded polymeric materials. Using extrusion molding and hot pressing, we developed a material system that combines pure and glass-fiber

• -reinforced polypropylene and exhibits a continuously graded mistletoe-inspired V-shaped interface. Microtomographic analyses quantified the gradual transition of the glass fiber content along one specimen from 0 to 30%, further revealing the random fiber orientation in the polymer matrix. Tensile tests

Few-photon microwave fields for superconducting transmon-based qudit control

• Irina A. Solovykh,
• Andrey V. Pashchenko,
• Natalya A. Maleeva,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Olga V. Tikhonova and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1580–1591, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.112

• makes it possible to design complex fully quantum hybrid “field + solid state” systems for quantum computing and developing a fully quantum interface between superconducting and photon platforms. Also, the developed transmon-based qudit can be used as an electromagnetic field detector, which allows one

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• surface [27] with different plasma parameters than in the plasma generated by a Gaussian beam. A change of the incident beam pattern will change the temperature and pressure inside cavitation bubbles (CBs) and influence CB oscillations. Furthermore, pressure variations at the target interface would be

• can be responsible for the observed nanofilaments. Although the CB dynamics in laser ablation with Bessel beams is yet to be studied, it can be assumed that a different pattern of the laser energy distribution on the target surface would vary the pressure at the laser–target interface [29], as well as

• emission of the ethanol decomposition products (C2 Swan band at 516.52 nm) with significantly lower contribution than that from Si NPs [10]. Some admixture of a hexagonal silicon dioxide phase was also observed, but mainly at the interface of particle agglomerates. However, as it could be concluded from