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Search for "liquid" in Full Text gives 933 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56
- were characterized, and the TC adsorption efficiency of PGC was assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS). Elemental analysis of PGC identified four key mechanisms governing its endothermic TC adsorption mechanism: surface complexation, electrostatic interactions
- ‒desorption isotherms at 77.3 K under controlled pressure conditions. Before analysis, the sample was degassed at 150 °C for 2 h and 30 min under an N2 atmosphere. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (HPLC–MS/MS) The HPLC-MS/MS system consisted of an AB Sciex 4000 QTRAP mass spectrometer
Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55
- yield of submicrometer particles and nanoparticles was quantified using UV–vis extinction spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical centrifugation, while high-performance liquid chromatography determined degradation. We found improved fragmentation efficiency at lower mass
- influencing the particle size or morphology [9], working at comparably low laser fluences (PUDEL < LML < LAL ≤ LFL). Recently, the pulsed laser extraction of organic matter in liquid (LEL), in the mild fluence regime of PUDEL, has been demonstrated to be much faster and more efficient than state-of-the-art
- systematic studies of the fragmentation mechanism and reliable measures of fluence-dependent degradation and particle size. To compensate for this disadvantage, Lau et al. introduced a circular jet (CJ) flow-through reactor [15], which generates a hydrostatically driven free liquid jet that is
Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54
- composition and the surface potential across InP nanowire p–n junctions for individual nanowire devices. InP nanowires were grown on InP(111) substrates by vapor–liquid–solid growth using nanoimprint lithography for generating catalytic Au nanoparticles in a metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) reactor
High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53
- physical property measurement system. To achieve temperatures below 4.2 K, a vacuum pump was used to reduce the pressure on the helium bath. This technique allows the liquid helium temperature to be lowered to approximately 1.8 K. Reducing the vapor pressure provides an efficient method to reach 2.0 K
- down to liquid helium temperature, and the Tc values are shown in Figure 5. As mentioned previously, a mixture of δ-TaN and β-TaN was identified in the film deposited at 700 °C. The mixture of these phases results in the absence of superconductivity [24]. Upon increasing the deposition temperature to
The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52
- fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates on thin (1.1 mm) glass from Ossila (11–13 Ω/cm2) with Zn powder and a 2 M HCl solution. Then, we brushed it thoroughly using a liquid alkaline concentrate (Hellmanex), followed by a 30 min argon plasma cleaning (200-G TePla Plasma System, Technics Plasma GmbH, at
Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51
- determined by the presence of impurities in the graphene structure [9]. Among other GBMs, few-layer graphene (FLG), synthesized through liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE), has emerged as a particularly advantageous option [10][11]. LPE is highly regarded for its simplicity, scalability, and effectiveness in
Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50
- drug content was determined via high-performance liquid chromatography at λmax = 210 nm. Analysis was performed by utilizing a C18 column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 μm, Shim-pack Substance, Japan) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and at 40 °C. Tests were performed utilizing a combination of 0.1% phosphoric acid in
A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48
- 40 (14.1) and Tween® 80 (15) are suitable for O/W formulations. Among various combinations of the components (Supporting Information File 1, Table S2), the pseudoternary phase diagram (PTPD) that best provided transparent liquid systems was obtained with Eumulgin® CO40/Tween® 80, in a ratio of 1:1 (v
- components can facilitate the development of nanometer-scale systems such as MEs and liquid crystals [15]. This region was divided into three distinct regions, with a central region of transparent viscous systems (TVS), which may be a region of lyotropic liquid crystals [16][17], and two regions of
- transparent liquid systems (TLS), which have low viscosity, suggesting the formation of MEs [18]. In general, the PTPD obtained with Eumulgin® CO 40 and Tween® 80 is similar to the PTPDs obtained with other similar surfactants such as shown in [8][19]. Considering the region of formation of transparent liquid
Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46
- growth [175]. Zhou et al. focused on the fabrication of a novel composite membrane suitable for photothermal cancer therapy based on black phosphorus (BP) nanosheets because of their high biocompatibility and photothermal efficacy. SF was used as an exfoliating agent in stable liquid exfoliation with
Electron beam-based direct writing of nanostructures using a palladium β-ketoesterate complex
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 530–539, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.41
- , resulting in a localized deposit at the irradiated area. When the precursor is delivered to the substrate in its gaseous form through a gas injection system (GIS), the process is termed as gas-assisted FEBID [23], commonly called FEBID. Variants such as liquid FEBID [24] and cryo-FEBID [25] also exist
Zeolite materials with Ni and Co: synthesis and catalytic potential in the selective hydrogenation of citral
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 520–529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.40
- zero was considered at this point. During the catalytic test, the reaction was carried out under constant pressure using a pressure control system. After various reaction times, liquid samples were manually collected and analyzed by gas chromatography to determine conversion and selectivity values. It
Effect of additives on the synthesis efficiency of nanoparticles by laser-induced reduction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 464–472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.35
- Rikuto Kuroda Takahiro Nakamura Hideki Ina Shuhei Shibata illuminus Inc., 307 Wako Riken Incubation Plaza, 2–3–13, Minami, Wako, Saitama, 351–0104, Japan 10.3762/bjnano.16.35 Abstract Laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a physicochemical technique for synthesizing nanoparticles by
- target source material is a ‘solid’ or a ‘metal ion’. Methods for synthesizing particles using solid materials include laser ablation in liquid (LAL) [13][14][15], laser fragmentation in liquid (LFL) [16], and laser melting in liquid (LML) [17], and many excellent reports have been published on the
- synthesis of various nanoparticles that maintain the crystal structure and composition of the source solid material. In contrast to those methods, laser-induced reduction in liquid (LRL) is a nanoparticle synthesis method based on reduction reactions induced by laser in solution. Synthesis of nanoparticles
Quantification of lead through rod-shaped silver-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles using an electrochemical approach
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 422–434, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.33
- their acute exposure leads to chronic disorders by affecting organ functions [2]. For example, lead poisoning in liquid effluents, is one of the worst environmental hazards which can affect human health and readily impact immune responses [3]. Due to the detrimental effects on the environment and human
- NRs were studied using dynamic light scattering analysis, and their zeta potential was determined. Figure 5 represents the zeta potential of Ag@ZnO NRs. The samples were collected in the liquid state and the Ag@ZnO NRs zeta potential of ≈30 mV accounts for the stability of the nanoparticles in water
Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31
- ][26], ligands [27], and low-salinity ions [28], or by choosing different liquid media [29]. Nevertheless, the addition of molecular stabilizers or the use of liquids that increase the stability reduces the versatility of the technique and limits the applicability of the produced colloidal NPs. The
- that occurs after absorption of the laser radiation and localized heating of the target surface. The plume interacts with the surrounding liquid. This interaction defines the cooling rate of the species present in the plasma and significantly affects NP growth (i.e., plasma quenching forms small NPs
- ). The plasma temperature and pressure determine the cavitation bubble and NP formation [40][41]. The plasma plume that heats up the liquid causes liquid vaporization and subsequent bubble nucleation. The initial pressure of the bubble is very high (higher than 1 GPa) allowing it to expand until it
Engineered PEG–PCL nanoparticles enable sensitive and selective detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate: a qualitative and quantitative analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 385–396, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.29
- % in frozen or liquid egg whites. In the context of marshmallow production, where SDS functions as a whipping agent, its concentration must not exceed 0.5% of the gelatine weight. Interestingly, SDS has been reported to exhibit a temporary suppressive effect on the perception of sweetness, which
- applications within permissible limits. To assess the safe dose of SDS in other products, various high throughput tools are available, including spectrophotometrics, potentiometrics, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis, and fluorescence-based methods [15][16][17][18][19
Pulsed laser in liquid grafting of gold nanoparticle–carbon support composites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 349–361, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.26
- surfactants for size control [17][18][19]. Nanoparticles prepared by pulsed laser in liquid synthesis are surfactant-free [1], but the same binder strategies are used for nanoparticle–support composites as for conventionally made nanoparticles. Capping ligands and binders hinder intimate contact between
- . Results and Discussion Carbon fiber paper served as electrode support material because graphite is cost-effective, scalable, and the premier electrode support material for reduction reactions [21]. Gold nanoparticles were laser grafted from aqueous HAuCl4 solution. The use of an aqueous liquid requires
- laser in liquid synthesis [1], the nanoparticles resulting from reactive pulsed laser processing are surfactant-free. We used nanosecond laser pulses to minimize surface damage to the graphitic carbon fiber paper. Based on the thermal time constants of graphite, a few nanoseconds are required to
Enhancing mechanical properties of chitosan/PVA electrospun nanofibers: a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 286–307, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.22
- single-phase homogeneous liquid. Polymer blending allows for the creation of novel materials through the incorporation of the unique properties of the component polymers [78]. In blend electrospinning, the preparation of a homogenous solution is crucial in ensuring the formation of uniform fibers during
- liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride into cross-linked electrospun chitosan/PVA nanofibers to improve water resistance and adsorption properties. The mechanical properties, however, were not reported. Coating of nanofiber structures can also provide improvement of the mechanical properties. Kang
Emerging strategies in the sustainable removal of antibiotics using semiconductor-based photocatalysts
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 264–285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.21
- degradation and solid–liquid separation are also commonly used in making the pollutants non-toxic or non-hazardous [13][23]. It should be noted that many of the conventional methods fail in degrading antibiotics completely since most antibiotics are very complex in structure and are even resistant to
Preferential enrichment and extraction of laser-synthesized nanoparticles in organic phases
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 254–263, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.20
- modify the nanomaterials in situ via chemical reactions of the nanoparticles with the molecules or solutes of the liquid. Particularly when organic solvents are used as liquids, photothermally induced C–C cleavage, addition or dehydrogenation reactions of the solvents, as well as (carbon
- ) functionalization of the nanoparticles have been observed, which ultimately should affect their lipophilicity and, hence, colloidal stability in apolar or polar solvents. Two-phase liquid systems and the possibility to transfer the surfactant-free nanoparticles from one liquid phase into another remain practically
- in liquid; laser synthesis and processing of colloids; phase transfer; size separation; thermomorphic multiphase system; Introduction Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) provides nanoparticles without the need of external surfactants while retaining the initial composition of the educt material in the
A review of metal-organic frameworks and polymers in mixed matrix membranes for CO2 capture
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 155–186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.14
- additives that enhance the adhesion between MOFs and the polymer matrix can be used to improve the MOF–polymer interface. For example, Lin et al. [132] utilized [Emim][Tf2N], an ionic liquid (IL), as an interfacial binder between micrometer-sized HKUST-1 and 6FDA-Durene polymer, see Figure 8e. The
TiO2 immobilized on 2D mordenite: effect of hydrolysis conditions on structural, textural, and optical characteristics of the nanocomposites
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 128–140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.12
- . Typically, such pillars are amorphous SiO2 nanoparticles formed during the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) introduced into liquid crystalline 2D CTAB layers that fill the interlamellar space between the 2D zeolite nanosheets. Tetraethoxytitanium (TEOT) is a homolog of TEOS, and its hydrolysis
- efficiency than the bulk phase, but the bandgap of anatase particles smaller than 10 nm is very sensitive to their size [14]. One of the disadvantages of such free photocatalyst nanoparticles is the limitation of mass transfer between solid and liquid phases. From this perspective, the problem of
- in a mechanical mixture of TiO2 with microporous zeolite, but higher than for composites obtained by a liquid impregnation method [40]. Thermogravimetric (TG) profiles of the studied samples together with the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves are shown in Figure 6. As can be seen, mass loss
Advanced atomic force microscopy techniques V
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 54–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.6
- software tool (”unDrift”), which allows reliable and fast drift correction. Dickbreder et al. demonstrate the robust performance of the software tool by AFM data recorded under varying conditions (vacuum or liquid environment) on calcite surfaces with recording times up to several hours. The work by Nony
Precursor sticking coefficient determination from indented deposits fabricated by electron beam induced deposition
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 35–43, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.4
- , 15, 30, 35 and 40 °C using a self-made cryo-stage made from copper and equipped with a heater. The stage was cooled via a thick strand of copper wires connected to a Meissner trap cooled with liquid nitrogen. The temperature was controlled via a heating element inserted as an interface layer between
Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3
- applications of mimicking the liquid-repelling properties of their skin to address a common industrial challenge: The scaling of steel surfaces. Scaling, a pervasive issue in various industries, results from unwanted water adhesion and mineral deposition, leading to corrosion, reduced efficiency, and increased
- maintenance costs. By understanding and replicating the nanostructured [3][7][8][9], liquid-repelling features of Collembola skin, we propose a novel approach to mitigate this issue. Figure 1 displays the cuticle micro- and nanostructure which leads to effective water repellency [5]. It has been shown how the
- phenomenon, known as the Cassie state, results in the liquid being more in contact with air than with the solid surface, leading to high apparent contact angles [22]. The high contact angles also become apparent in Figure 1B, where a water droplet is resting on the Collembola surface. Here, we explore the
Attempts to preserve and visualize protein corona on the surface of biological nanoparticles in blood serum using photomodification
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1654–1666, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.130
- ). The bio-NPs in the photomodified samples had a body of average electron density, the substance of which looked slightly non-homogenous. The LPs resembled tennis balls (Figure 4a–f), while the EVs, which in their native state had liquid contents, were deformed and resembled collapsed balls with a
- copper grids covered with formvar film. A drop of a sample was adsorbed for 1 min on a grid, excess of the liquid was removed by a pipette; then, the wet grid was placed on a drop of 0.5% aqueous uranyl acetate solution for 10 s, excess liquid was removed with filter paper. Grids were air-dried and
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