Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.116 Abstract Nanotechnology is revolutionizing pharmaceutical industry and drug development by providing significant advantages in controlling drug release

• , enhancing stability, and reducing adverse effects. Concurrently, natural products are being extensively researched for their anticancer and immunomodulatory properties. This patent review aims to analyze publications that integrate nanotechnology with natural products to develop cancer treatments and

• immunotherapies. In this context, 17 patents were identified through the free online databases of the European Patent Office (EPO) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). The review discusses various types of nanotechnology, including nanoparticles, nanocarriers, and nanocapsules, as well as

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• effectively removing MPs, especially those in the nanosize range. This review presents a detail analysis of the sources, pathways, detection methods, and health impact of MPs, while emphasizing the emerging role of nanotechnology in their remediation. Nanomaterials, including nanoadsorbents, photocatalysts

• for MP monitoring. Despite high laboratory scale efficiencies, there are several challenges such as material scalability, environmental safety, regulatory frameworks, and real water applicability. This study proposes future directions for sustainable nanotechnology deployment, including green

• ; nanotechnology; nanoadsorbents; nano robots; photocatalysis; Introduction Plastic pollution has become a crucial environmental concern recently. It was reported that from 1950 to 2015, global plastic production increased from 5 to over 300 megatons, with approximately 60 to 99 megatons turning into waste. It is

Modeling magnetic properties of cobalt nanofilms used as a component of spin hybrid superconductor–ferromagnetic structures

• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Olesya Severyukhina,
• Anastasia Salomatina and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1557–1566, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.110

• Aleksey Fedotov Olesya Severyukhina Anastasia Salomatina Anatolie Sidorenko Modeling Structures and Functional Materials Group, Institute of Mechanics, Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Division, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baramzinoy 34, Izhevsk 426067, Russia Nanotechnology and Microsystems

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• , Istanbul, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.16.105 Keywords: biomedical applications; drug delivery; nanocarriers; nanomaterials; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; polymeric nanoparticles; tissue regeneration; Medicine has rapidly advanced over the last few decades, and nanotechnology has played a significant role in

• strength, more effective functioning, and biological compatibility [7]. Nanomaterials play a leading role in drug delivery and gene transportation. Older methods for drug delivery usually do work well, miss their intended targets, and cause unwanted side effects. Nanotechnology helps with this challenge by

• of these advantages, these technologies will become increasingly prevalent in clinical practices [15]. Besides improving treatments, nanotechnology has also advanced the process of monitoring and diagnosing diseases. Being diagnosed early and accurately significantly helps patients with serious

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• Centro de Innovación, Investigación y desarrollo en Ingeniería y Tecnología (CIIDIT), Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León., PIIT Monterrey, Apodaca, Nuevo León, 66629, México School of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam 686560, Kerala, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.104 Abstract

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc Nhi Kieu Vo Cong Danh Nguyen Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen Thanh Sinh Do Nanotechnology Lab, Research Laboratories of Saigon Hi-Tech Park, Lot I3, N2 Street, Tang Nhon Phu Ward, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam 10.3762/bjnano.16.103 Abstract Silver nanoprisms (AgNPrs) are promising

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• for antibacterial purposes are diverse and include metallic silver, silver salts, and composites of Ag with other materials. The integration of nanotechnology with Ag, particularly when incorporated into polymer membranes, has demonstrated significant potential for enhancing membrane performance. CTA

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• of metallodrug treatments [25]. While several recent reviews have addressed broad nanotechnology-based strategies against antimicrobial resistance, this work focuses specifically on the therapeutic potential of encapsulated metalloantibiotics [26]. It provides an overview of the properties and

• mechanisms of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, followed by their integration with metal-based complexes. Finally, it discusses the challenges and future perspectives of this emerging field, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize the fight against bacterial infections and antimicrobial

• infection sites, contributing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria [29]. In contrast, new nanosystems aim to control the rate, time, and location of antibiotic release, modulating the pharmacokinetics effect at the desired site of action [30][31]. Nanotechnology offers innovative solutions

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Department of Biomaterials and

• the sensitivity of tumor cells to these treatments and improve the efficacy of these treatments [14][15][16]. New technologies, innovative methods, and interdisciplinary research will drive progress in ferroptosis research and its medical applications [13]. Recently, nanotechnology has expanded its

• advantages and impact on cancer therapy and diagnosis [17]. Therapies based on nanotechnology, such as the progressive delivery of nanoscale drugs, can provide precisely targeted treatment of malignant tissue with fewer side effects than traditional approaches [5][18]. Key benefits of nanodrug delivery

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey Clinical Engineering Research and Implementation Center (ERKAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri

• 38040, Turkey Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, PR China 10.3762/bjnano.16.92 Abstract The emergence of nanotechnology offers a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. In this context, biomimetic nanoparticles have

• therapeutic regimen. By utilizing recent advances in micro/nanotechnology and molecular pharmaceutics, potent bioinspired cell-based therapeutics could be obtained by genetic engineering, endocytosis, chemical bioconjugation, and physical modifications (Figure 2) [23]. More precisely, cell membranes or whole

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• angiogenic factor associated with the tumor, called thymidine phosphorylase (dTfdPase), thus minimizing the exposure of healthy tissues to 5-FU [216]. Biodegradable polymers are widely used in nanotechnology to develop different systems due to their advantages, such as greater absorption [218][219] and high

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• /TPP–β-CD–rot nanocomposite exerted cytotoxic effects, confirming their favorable safety profile. These findings highlight the potential of nanotechnology to enhance the efficacy of bioactive compounds while minimizing environmental and human health risks, offering a sustainable and innovative strategy

• demonstrated that neither rotenoids nor the CS/TPP–β-CD–rot nanocomposite exerted cytotoxic effects, confirming their favorable safety profile. The results obtained confirm that the application of nanotechnology for encapsulating bioactive compounds not only enhances larvicidal efficacy but also contributes to

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• Sevin Adiguzel Nilay Cicek Zehra Cobandede Feray B. Misirlioglu Hulya Yilmaz Mustafa Culha Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• concept of nanoarchitecture, as a post-nanotechnology methodology, can be defined as the construction of functional materials from nanometer-sized units using a variety of materials processes. It is believed to be particularly well suited to the assembly of soft materials that exhibit flexible and diverse

• materials themselves. The advent of nanotechnology has facilitated the ability to access actual nanostructures. The latest advances in nanotechnology have made it possible to observe structures at the atomic and molecular level [100][101][102][103][104], to manipulate them [105][106][107][108][109], and to

• ][119]. The advances in nanotechnology and the integration and functionality of objects in materials science have developed independently, yet they share a similar meaning. It is now appropriate to consider them together. The concept of nanoarchitectonics, defined as a post-nanotechnology methodology

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• (Bangkok, Thailand), with a density of 1.26 g·cm−3, an MFR (190 °C, 2.16 kg) of 5 g/10 min, a melting point of 115 °C, and a puncture impact resistance of 4 kJ·m−2, was used. Industrial-grade multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), purchased from Nanografi NanoTechnology (NG01IM0101), Ankara, Turkey, with a

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• Thomas Henning Loeber Bert Laegel Meltem Sezen Feray Bakan Misirlioglu Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt Yang Li Nano Structuring Center (NSC), Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), P.O. Box 3049, D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• . Cresi et al., Nanotechnology, vol. 28, issue 49, article no. 495702, published on 13 November 2017; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aa926f; © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. All rights reserved. This content is not subject to CC

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• advance nanoscale properties and nanotechnology applications. Keywords: antibacterial coating; bioinspired hydration; density functional theory; graphene-based hydrogel; supramolecular structure; Introduction Biological cells are assemblies of biomolecules that are hydrated with water molecules. The

• stability, and enhanced tensile properties. In summary, the supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels is a prospective nanotechnology approach to advance nanoscale structures and interfaces for a variety of applications. DFT modelling of AB bilayer graphene structures. The AB bilayer

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• meetings 2021 and at the IEEE Nanotechnology Materials and Devices Conference (NMDC) in 2023 through poster and oral presentations, respectively. Furthermore, we refer to the abstract published as part of the conference proceedings (doi:10.1109/NMDC57951.2023.10344256). Funding This work has been funded by

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• protein corona formation in vitro and prevent bias in LNP development. Keywords: apolipoprotein E; fetal calf serum; heat inactivation; lipid nanoparticle; protein corona; Introduction Nanotechnology has gained a strong foothold in the field of drug delivery, having significant promise to overcome the

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• devices, which include the synthesis, characterization, and processing, are part of an emerging and rapidly growing field referred to as nanotechnology. However, despite the large efforts of the scientific and industrial communities in the development of new nanostructured materials and related

• decades, many characterization tools used to investigate chemical, electronic, or structural properties of materials have been developed or upgraded to match the requirements imposed by nanotechnology. Imaging capabilities covering from meso- to atomic scales, spatially resolved spectroscopies with

• enhanced sensitivities are examples of capabilities that modern techniques of characterization in nanotechnology must possess. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is still one of the fundamental tools for chemical and electronic characterization of surfaces and subsurface layers. In the last three to

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• ; biocompatibility; dental applications; few layered graphene–tannic acid biocomposite (FLG–TA); periodontal ligament cells (PDL); Introduction Dental diseases remain a global health challenge [1]. Dental biomaterials are crucial in both therapeutic and preventive strategies, with nanotechnology emerging as a

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• nanoscale systems across materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, complementing established methods in the field. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; capacitance gradients; dielectric constant; dielectric spectroscopy; heterodyne frequency mixing; Kelvin probe force microscopy; multifrequency AFM

• materials science, biology, and nanotechnology. Experimental Polymer blend samples We used F14H20 samples that we bought from SPM Labs LLC, Tempe, AZ, USA. Microcapacitors Si wafers “CZ” were bought from “Si-Mat” with a diameter of 150 mm, ⟨100⟩ surface orientation, a thickness of 675 ± 20 μm, a resistivity

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, AGH University of Krakow, av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland 10.3762/bjnano.16.47 Keywords: deposition; etching; focused electron beams; focused ion beams; lithography; milling; nanofabrication; 3D nanostructures; It

• is challenging to discuss the fabrication of small devices without acknowledging Richard Feynman, the pioneer of nanotechnology, and his iconic lecture, "There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom" [1], delivered at the annual meeting of the American Physical Society at Caltech in 1959. The central theme

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• the development of implants, medical devices, and drug delivery systems that solve challenging issues from health to medicine [5]. Because of innovations in tissue engineering, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology, scientists can now see into the innermost functions of living organisms with a level

• of clarity never before possible [6][7]. In nanotechnology, different nanofiber production techniques are used such as template synthesis, electrospinning, solution blowing, drawing, thermally induced phase segregation, and self-assembly [8][9]. Among these techniques, electrospinning is the most

• advancement in this sector with the development of many dermo-epidermal substitutes. However, there is still a need for a full-thickness dermal substitute [49]. In this regard, nanotechnology has seen remarkable work in the biomedical field in recent years, offering promising solutions for the development of