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Search for "composition" in Full Text gives 1100 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18
- cycles, representing a direct and practical extension of the prior findings. Results and Discussion Chemical composition Prior to the fabric functionalization, the silver, copper, and zinc loadings in, respectively, Ag/CBV-600, Cu/CBV-600, and Zn/CBV-600 nanomaterials were analyzed by inductively coupled
- coincided well with data provided by the supplier and measurements obtained through EDS and ICP-OES analysis. As discussed in our previous work [4], the ion exchange treatment did not induce any changes in the chemical composition of the zeolite structure, such as dealumination or disilation. No additional
- fabrics were dried at room temperature for one day. A 10% (w/w) acrylic resin (Acrylic binder 005, Royal Talens Company, Apeldoorn, Netherlands, chemical composition: 5-chloro-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one; 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one; 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one) was used as a binding agent to
Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO2 nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17
- actually was not at 800 nm, but rather at 600 nm. We tried to find the reason of this shift with our available resources. Transmission electron microscopy showed that there was no significant change in the geometry, which could have resulted in the ENZ shift. We could not study the composition of the
Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16
- , Technical University of Munich, Straubing, Germany Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.17.16 Abstract Wood tracheids and fibers exhibit diverse structures and shapes across plant species. The hierarchical structure and composition of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin enables
Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15
Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14
- coloration [13]. Piersanti et al. [12] described the functional morphology and material composition of the cleaning devices of a damselfly species and experimentally investigated their performance. This species bears specialized grooming structures on the tibiae of its forelegs with dedicated micro- and
- composition of the secreting cells and its cement product, providing a strong basis for further research on the assembly of biological and bioinspired adhesives. Sawant et al. [15] focused on the cement of a barnacle and experimentally investigated a specific key cement protein and its self-assembly under
Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13
- resolving power, and imaging capability of ToF-SIMS allow us to explore variations in the chemical species present on the graphene surface, as well as in three dimensions under the graphene. In this way, we can observe the impact that variations in the chemical composition of the copper foil have on the
- CasaXPS (version 2.3.26PR1.0) with Shirley-type backgrounds for the high-resolution spectra, and elemental composition was calculated from the wide scans using the NPL transmission functions and average matrix relative sensitivity factors after removal of a Tougaard or linear background [45]. Results and
- present within the graphene films, which facilitate oxygen diffusion, depending on the growth process. The variation in the colour distribution also reflects potential variations in the composition of the oxide layer that forms on the surface. To further explore the extent of the substrate oxidation in
Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12
- alterations in molecular structure and chemical composition. Thermal treatment can alter the types and amounts of functional groups present in a polymer. This is a consequence of the chemical reactions occurring at elevated temperatures and leading to changes in the structure and properties of polymers. These
Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11
- early in the design cycle, enabling prompt adjustments to chemical composition or synthesis protocols that mitigate toxicity without compromising performance. Through such feedback loops, materials informatics cultivates a forward-looking approach to nanomaterial innovation, where safety considerations
From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10
- pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficacy [100]. These factors collectively influence the biological behaviour and therapeutic efficacy of CRNs, complicating their predictability and consistency in patients. In addition, the intricate composition of these systems often extends regulatory approval
Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9
- well known that incorporating AC into NLs improves their biological distribution, reduces macrophage uptake, and lowers free AC concentrations, thus decreasing systemic toxicity. Additionally, modifying the composition and surface properties of NLs can enhance their passage through the blood–brain
- highlight the dominant independent variables that have a significant effect in the model, the VIP score was used. Results and Discussion Particle size, particle size distribution and z-potential of the nanoliposomes Several studies have reported that despite the composition and the other surface properties
- , focusing rate and duration, sample loading, and carrier conditions. The composition of the carrier buffer, as well as its ionic strength and pH are crucial considerations for stabilizing the structures, preventing agglomeration or sedimentation, and avoiding interference with analytes and the membrane [23
Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7
- 50% [31]. The EE% results for both 5-FU and R-FE are shown in Figure 1. The EE% significantly varied depending on the lipid composition and the nature of the encapsulated compound. Formulations containing HSPC exhibited statistically different EE% values for 5-FU and R-PE. However, no significant
- findings highlight the importance of optimizing lipid composition not only according to the general hydrophilicity or lipophilicity of the drug, but also considering the molecular size, structure, and specific interactions with lipid components. The stability of formulations containing HSPC 50 was
- encapsulating 5-FU did not exhibit a significant change in particle diameter when compared to blank formulations. This behavior may be attributed to the structural instability inherent to liposomes, as their size can vary depending on the lipid composition. Notably, formulations containing HSPC, DPPC, and DSPC
Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6
- vulnerability of the material through porosity and microstructure; and (iv) the chemical composition of the material itself, that is, stone, wood, metal, or ceramic. For this reason, it is necessary to fix a single factor and evaluate the variation of the others. Herein, we have chosen the substrate material to
- application of the coating on the examined tiles (Figure 5a), the aesthetics, in terms of surface colors, was altered, as well as the mineralogical composition, since the TiO2 layer chemically interacted with the glazed substrate (Figure 5b). This posed risks to the physical integrity of the artwork and also
- of wood, the attachment by fungal organisms must be effectively impeded, as demonstrated by Il’ina and colleagues [80]. A UV-curable, photo-reactive acrylic alkyd composition, enhanced with a biocide additive for protecting wooden surfaces against several fungi, was explored. The innovative
Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3
- analysis: (b) differential capacity and (c) differential voltage. Summarized electrical and chemical properties. Intensities of the Raman peaks (fit procedure results). Surface composition (atom %) determined by fitting XPS spectra: samples M300 and T400. Surface composition (atom %) determined by fitting
Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157
- least tenfold). The designed core NPs are composed of a Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 core and a MnFe2O4 shell. Their size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to investigate their chemical composition. The iron oxide phase was confirmed by
- chemical composition of magnetic nanoparticles is critical, the morphology of the particles also plays a significant role in determining their magnetic properties. Although spherical nanoparticles have been extensively studied, recent research suggests that polyhedral nanoparticles exhibit superior
- microscopy (HRTEM) provides a comprehensive understanding of the material’s composition and properties. This work paves the way for the development of next-generation biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles for cancer therapy and other biomedical applications. Materials and Methods Materials Iron
Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154
Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151
- carbohydrate display, which defines their biological function [10], a small globular core, and chemically well-defined composition. Proof-of-concept studies have demonstrated the vast potential of glyconanoparticles for glyconanotechnology in solution. However, potential changes of “glycoclusters” [2] in dry
- and stability in solution, in terms of hydrodynamic diameter and NP surface charge, respectively. Spectroscopy techniques were used to analyze the chemical composition of the organic ligands locally. We used FTIR for the molecular fingerprint infrared region to find the characteristic peaks of the
- results. FTIR and VSFG confirm the chemical composition of the organic layers (Figure 1 and Figure 5). The VSFG results additionally give sensitive information on the local ordering of the molecular chains in the ligands. We conclude that the dimannose residues are coupled to the PEG chains and provide
Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146
- principles to ensure formulation performance, stability, and skin cell compatibility. Keywords: design of experiments (DoE); microemulsions; nanotechnology; natural products; passion fruit; quality by design; skin delivery; Introduction Species of the Passiflora genus are known for their rich composition
- . De Santana et al. (2015) [3] reported that this enhanced activity, reflected in both radical scavenging and oxygen radical absorption capacities, is associated with the elevated levels of tocopherol isomers and total phenolic compounds in P. setacea samples. Overall, the composition of OPS has been
- ), followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis. The relative composition of fatty acids is presented in Table 1, and the corresponding chromatogram is provided in Figure S1 (Supporting Information File 1). The major constituents identified in OPS were linoleic acid (64.69
Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144
- rapid pace of discovery and innovation in the field. For instance, CDs are not well-defined due to a high variation in structural composition, the nomenclature of which is a current point of debate [46]. Moreover, there is a lack of publicly available, centralised databases on nanocarriers, leading
Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140
- m2·g−1. The meso-macroporous structure was also found by mercury intrusion porosimetry (Figure 2c). The FTIR spectrum is consistent with the proposed composition (Figure 2d). The vibrations at ν = 3000–3600 cm−1 are characteristic for NH and OH groups. At 2982 cm−1, one sees the CH groups. Amide
Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139
- composition on fiber formation by analyzing the concentrations of the core components and the process flow rate as variables. It was observed that the concentration of NE-βCp in the core had a significant impact on fiber morphology, as illustrated in Figure 2. The presence of NE-βCp led to an increase in the
- preparation, a flow rate ratio of 6.25 was maintained, with an outer flow rate of 0.25 mL/h and an inner flow rate of 0.04 mL/h, as this ratio prevented severe dripping and ensured a more stable Taylor cone. Having characterized the influence of core composition on fiber formation, the next step involved
- ]. As reported by da Silva et al. (2019), inadequate flow rates during the production of coaxial nanofibers can lead to incomplete core incorporation, resulting in monolithic fibers that are identifiable by their spectral signatures [61]. To evaluate the surface composition of nanofiber membranes, ATR
The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138
- of inspiration for developing biomimetic adhesives. However, a thorough understanding of their composition and operating mechanism is essential for advancing such applications. Sabellariid tubeworms are model organisms in bioadhesion research, and their adhesive system has been characterized in
- describing the ultrastructure and elemental composition of the cement cells and their secretion. Different adhesive proteins are packaged in one or the other of two types of cement cells, namely, those containing homogeneous granules and those containing heterogeneous granules with lamellar inclusions
- species in particular have been the subject of numerous studies focused on the microstructure and composition of their adhesive secretion, namely, the North American species Phragmatopoma californica Krøyer in Mörch, 1863 and the European species Sabellaria alveolata (Linnaeus, 1767). Sabellariids are
Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137
- stage of the development of laser ablation in liquids from the perspective of shape control of the forming nanomaterials. The key parameters influencing the NP shape are highlighted, including the composition of a liquid, laser focusing conditions and introduction of external fields, and the mechanism
- (nanosecond), this interaction should be taken into account, resulting in the ionization and heating of the ejected material. The initial stages of interaction of a laser beam with a solid target are strongly dependent on laser pulse duration and fluence, surrounding liquid, target morphology and composition
- in the next sections. Chemical processes occurring during laser ablation influence not only composition but also the chemical structure of the formed nanostructures and their surface, guiding NP growth and morphology change processes. In principle, chemical reactions are present at every stage of
Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135
- new metal-organic precursors, in the form of supported thick layers, to the ion beam irradiation is studied through analysis of the chemical composition and morphology of the resulting structures. This is done using SEM backscattered electron/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy along with machine
- learning data processing techniques. This approach enables a comprehensive fast examination of precursor decomposition processes during FIB irradiation and provides valuable insights into how the precursor’s composition influences the final properties of the metal-rich deposits. Although solid-layer
- film composition, metal oxidation states, or actual deposition efficiency. Results are also sensitive to sample purity and ionization conditions, and the method does not replicate the real gas-phase or ion-beam environments encountered in FIBID [27]. One has to mention that testing new metal-organic
PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133
- molar ratio of 50:10:38.5:1.5, SANS analysis revealed a core–shell architecture with an average particle diameter of approximately 75 nm and a LNP shell thickness of 5 to 7 nm. Quantitative modeling of shell composition further demonstrated that the DMPE-PEG2k lipid accounted for 3.0 ± 0.5% of the shell
- importance of surface properties and the utilization of possible targeting strategies to enhance cellular uptake [29]. Another research study formulated LNPs with varying molar fractions of DMG-PEG2k from 0.5 to 5.0 mol %, while maintaining a fraction of 50 mol % MC3 in the composition with changing molar
- deposition of complement fragments and formation of the membrane attack complex [64]. A study showed that exposure of LNPs containing 5 mol % DSPE-PEG2k to anti-PEG IgM and complement-active serum induced up to 50.5% release of encapsulated mRNA payload. In the widely used LNP composition containing 1.5 mol
Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132
- compared to that of free EOs, in both activities. However, the repellent activity has been less explored, present in only three of the studies evaluated, in the last 10 years. Correlatingh with this, other aspects such as botanical species of EOs, mechanisms of action, composition, and characteristics of
- with complex chemical composition extracted from different parts of plants [23]. They stand out for their efficiency in combating the vector at different stages of the evolutionary cycle, especially as larvicides, wherein the mosquito is at its most vulnerable stage [24]. In addition, they can act as
- [67][73][74]. These constituents and others have been found in the composition of different species producing EOs, presenting significant biological activities against Ae. aegypti [72][75][76][77]. The action of these components consists of interfering with larval physiology, preventing its
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