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Search for "composition" in Full Text gives 1046 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

  • Robert Stuckert,
  • Felix Pohl,
  • Oleg Prymak,
  • Ulrich Schürmann,
  • Christoph Rehbock,
  • Lorenz Kienle and
  • Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

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  • energy: 0.50 mJ, repetition rate: 10 kHz, incident fluence: 7 J/cm2) of the bulk target in all three solvents yielded colloids at mass concentrations of 100–200 mg/L, determined by differential weighing of the target before and after ablation. The total composition of the colloids in acetone were
  • are in good agreement with the near-equimolar composition of the bulk target (Cr21Mn18Fe21Co18Ni22), determined by both XRF and SEM-EDX measurements, quantifying not only the surface compositions of the corresponding targets but also bulk compositions determined from a target cross-section (Supporting
  • Information File 1, Figure S2). Pulse duration effects on the crystal structure and composition The first objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pulse durations during LAL in acetone (dried, distilled, and degassed) on the crystal structure and composition of the corresponding HEA NPs
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Published 17 Jul 2025

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

  • James G. McNally,
  • Christoph Pratsch,
  • Stephan Werner,
  • Stefan Rehbein,
  • Andrew Gibbs,
  • Jihao Wang,
  • Thomas Lunkenbein,
  • Peter Guttmann and
  • Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

Graphical Abstract
  • , Section S13) to determine the nanosphere’s shape, composition, diameter, and density. Both SEM and TEM showed that the nanospheres were indeed roughly spherical and of similar size (Supporting Information File 1, Section S13). Specifically, we measured the diameter of 35 nanospheres by SEM and obtained a
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Published 15 Jul 2025

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

  • Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

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  • composition of living cells and organisms includes a multitude of biomolecules, which can be regulated in terms of both concentration and spatial distribution. This enables the exertion of complex biological functions. Synthetic multinetwork hydrogels can be considered analogous to extracellular matrices, and
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Published 04 Jul 2025

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

  • Maximilian Spellauge,
  • David Redka,
  • Mianzhen Mo,
  • Changyong Song,
  • Heinz Paul Huber and
  • Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

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Published 02 Jul 2025

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

  • Bob Kyeyune,
  • Philipp Rahe and
  • Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

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  • tip apex in slight contact with the surface under investigation to form a tip cluster yielding atomic contrast [18]. As structure and chemical composition of the resulting tip-terminating cluster are not known, the understanding of contrast formation with non-functionalized tips has been developed
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Published 26 Jun 2025

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

  • Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
  • Chandan Kumar Maity,
  • Md Moniruzzaman and
  • Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

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  • phase composition could be classified according to the face-centered cubic structure of silver. The XRD spectrum showed that the formed PG-CDs-AgNPs were nanocrystals, as confirmed by the peaks at 2θ ≈ 28.20°, 32.66°, 38.61°, 46.60°, and 57.86°. These Bragg diffraction peaks are equivalent to the (110
  • analysis was implemented to study the elemental composition of PG-CDs-AgNPs and the corresponding chemical interaction between PG-CDs and AgNPs, as depicted in Figure 2b–d. As illustrated in Figure 2b, XPS total survey profile of the PG-CDs-AgNPs is composed of carbon and silver elements, with binding
  • mechanism for PG-CDs-AgNPs, as evidenced by the quasi-rectangular CV profile [38]. The electrochemistry of any electrode material is purposefully controlled by the composition of the electrolyte. Since KCl is used as a neutral electrolyte, PG-CDs-AgNPs exhibit capacitive behavior through a surface-charge
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Published 24 Jun 2025

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO2/Fe2O3 nanocomposite

  • Sumanta Sahoo,
  • Ankur Sood and
  • Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

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  • demonstrating improved magnetic characteristics due to alterations in the electronic structure. To further comprehend the elemental composition of GVF, the elemental analysis was also performed, and the corresponding elemental distribution and EDX spectrum are shown in Figure 5a,b. The SEM image displays a wide
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Published 20 Jun 2025

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

  • Thomas Henning Loeber,
  • Bert Laegel,
  • Meltem Sezen,
  • Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
  • Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
  • Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

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  • currents. Deposition rate, material composition, and electrical resistivity were examined and compared with layers deposited at comparable settings with a standard gallium (Ga) FIB. The deposition rate is found to depend linearly on the current density. The rate is comparable for Cs+ and Ga+ under similar
  • Cs+ FIB in comparison to results of layer deposition induced by Rb+ and Ga+. Pt was deposited at different acceleration voltages and ion beam currents to evaluate the deposition rate and the electrical resistivity of the layers. To measure the grain structure as well as the material composition using
  • characterization in terms of elemental composition and structure was done with a JEOL ARM 200F (S)TEM system equipped with an Oxford EDS detector. Results and Discussion Deposit surface First, to reveal possible surface modifications, Pt layers were deposited with Cs+ ions at 16, 8, 5, and 2 kV with a current
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Published 16 Jun 2025

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO2 using small angle X-ray scattering

  • Shankar Dutt,
  • Rudradeep Chakraborty,
  • Christian Notthoff,
  • Pablo Mota-Santiago,
  • Christina Trautmann and
  • Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

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  • calculations for PECVD SiO2 thin films used values for the density and composition from our previous study [47]. In both layers, the projected ranges when irradiated with 185 and 89 MeV Au ions were ≈20 μm and ≈14 μm, respectively, whereas the projected ranges for thermal and PECVD SiO2 irradiated with 1.6 GeV
  • etching rate and the bulk etching rate between these materials, which in turn affect the nanopore geometry. Nanopores in PECVD SiO2 exhibit cone angles approximately 1.8 times larger than those in thermally grown SiO2 – a variation attributable to differences in material density, composition, and
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Published 12 Jun 2025

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS2 layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

  • Alexander V. Okotrub,
  • Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
  • Anna A. Makarova,
  • Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
  • Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
  • Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

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  • determination of the surface composition of the films. At 830 eV, the probing depth is about 3 nm, which corresponds to almost the entire volume of the thin films under study. The S/Mo ratio in the MoS2 film is 6 on the surface and 3.1 in the bulk (Figure 4a,b). Excess sulfur in the MoS2 film is associated with
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Published 10 Jun 2025

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

  • Ha Huu Do,
  • Khac Binh Nguyen,
  • Phuong N. Nguyen and
  • Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

Graphical Abstract
  • /SS-15, and Ni/NiO/SS-20 electrodes became rougher, as shown in Figure 2b–d, which was attributed to a higher metal oxide content. More importantly, the composition of the samples (wt %) changed with different O2 flow rates in the sputtering process. The proportion of O increases when the O2 flow rate
  • distribution in materials were studied using EDX. The Raman spectra were studied using a LabRAM-HR Evolution Raman microscope with a laser wavelength of 532 nm. The composition of the thin films was investigated using XPS on a Thermo Scientific K-Alpha XPS system. Electrochemical measurements The HER catalytic
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Published 06 Jun 2025

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

  • Shabbir Tahir,
  • Tatiana Smoliarova,
  • Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
  • Michael Farle,
  • Natalia Shkodich and
  • Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

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  • fluctuations or trigger mechanical responses, making them essential in automation, industrial processes, and healthcare monitoring technologies. Considerable research has been dedicated to tailoring the Curie temperature and associated magnetic properties through material design. Advances in composition
  • modification, doping strategies, and material synthesis have been shown to effectively tune the phase transition characteristics, such as the temperature, coercivity (Hc), magnetization, and Curie or Néel temperatures [7][8][9]. For instance Zhou et al. [10] reported that adjusting the composition of NiMnGa to
  • combinations that control the configurational entropy of mixing, phase, and free energy of the material. Consequently, the magnetic phase transition of CCAs can be tuned by altering their chemical composition because of the different elemental interactions [17]. A significant advantage of using CCAs is their
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Published 05 Jun 2025

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

  • Hon Nhien Le,
  • Duy Khanh Nguyen,
  • Minh Triet Dang,
  • Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
  • Thi Bang Tam Dao,
  • Trung Do Nguyen,
  • Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
  • Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

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  • transmittance spectroscopy, microscopic structure and elemental composition of graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc hydroxide coating on polylactide films Nanosilica hydrogels and graphene oxide–nanosilica–zinc hydroxide hydrogels were utilized as aqueous paints for brush coating on PLA films. After drying, thin
  • appeared in Figure 8e, and nanoparticles of SG and ZH were shown in Figure 8f. Integrated EDS analysis presented the elemental composition on the surface of the GO-SG-ZH/PLA film (Table 3). With the atomic contents of 8.13% of silicon and 6.36% of zinc, the atomic proportions of SiO2 and Zn(OH)2 in the
  • elemental composition of the GO-SG-ZH coating on the PLA substrate. Mechanical properties of blank PLA, SG/PLA, and GO-SG-ZH/PLA thin films. Supporting Information Figure of SEM-EDS analyses of graphene-based powder and hydrogel, figures of nanocomposite hydrogel and its dispersions in water, figures and
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Published 04 Jun 2025

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

  • Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
  • Bindu Krishnan,
  • Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
  • David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
  • Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
  • Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

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  • microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. The morphology of the NPs in different solvents varied from spherical, rice-like to rod-like particles which demonstrates the effect of the solvent on the morphology/composition of NPs
  • nanocolloids obtained in different solvents are shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1. The NPs of FeS2 in IPA are referred to as FIPA, in DMF as FDMF, in ethanol as FET, in methanol as FMET, and in acetone as FAC. Morphology and composition of the nanoparticles obtained in all solvents are analyzed
  • , Thermo Scientific K-Alpha) was employed to characterize the elemental composition and chemical states of the elements in the NPs. Apart from using HRTEM and SAED for phase analysis, a Panalytical Empyrean Diffractometer (X-ray source of Cu Kα1 radiation = 1.54056 Å) was also used for X-ray diffraction
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Published 03 Jun 2025

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

  • Sabina Lewińska,
  • Pavlo Aleshkevych,
  • Roman Minikayev,
  • Anna Bajorek,
  • Mateusz Dulski,
  • Krystian Prusik,
  • Tomasz Wojciechowski and
  • Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

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  • AC) performed on the undissolved sample revealed the presence of a low temperature blocking process ( ≈ 10 K), and confirmed its superparamagnetic state between 70– 250 K. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman studies showed a varied composition of the undissolved sample in which organic
  • transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Composition studies using XRD, magnetic properties using dc and ac magnetometry, and extensive spectral analysis using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were also performed. Considering that the AB-Fortis
  • from the Néel models are at the level similar to that obtained in the fitting of the modified Langevin function to the M(H) dependences for the FS0 sample. It means that the assumptions about the core composition from oxyhydroxide seems to be accurate. The estimated nUC value falls within the range of
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Published 02 Jun 2025

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl3: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

  • Shafaq Kazim,
  • Rahul Parmar,
  • Maryam Azizinia,
  • Matteo Amati,
  • Muhammad Rauf,
  • Andrea Di Cicco,
  • Seyed Javid Rezvani,
  • Dario Mastrippolito,
  • Luca Ottaviano,
  • Tomasz Klimczuk,
  • Luca Gregoratti and
  • Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

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  • Cl and Cr core levels at room temperature (RT). By monitoring the core levels and valence band spectra at various spatial resolutions (≥0.13 μm), we obtained quantitative maps of the chemical composition to correlate these maps with the thicknesses measured by AFM. Additionally, we investigated the
  • electronic properties of a material. Neal et al. [34] reported the effect of chemisorption of oxygen as a kind of p-type doping, which shows consistency with our results. We expect the surface potential to show the same behavior depending on the chemical composition found by spatially resolved photoemission
  • establishing a method to engineer the material. In this specific case, it is difficult to find the reason of the composition modulation we have observed through the spatial resolved techniques. However, it could be the result of the combined effect of vacancies and a possibly induced dissociation of molecular
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Published 02 Jun 2025

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

  • Demian van Straten,
  • Luuk van de Schepop,
  • Rowan Frunt,
  • Pieter Vader and
  • Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

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  • proteins, forms on its surface. This so-called protein corona significantly affects the physicochemical properties of the nanoparticle, such as size, charge and stability [2][3][4][5]. In turn, the composition of the protein corona is influenced by the physicochemical properties of the pristine
  • found in the protein corona, but it did change the corona composition, thereby affecting cellular uptake of the nanoparticles. They found that some apolipoproteins unfold during heat inactivation of FCS, while other proteins remain unaffected [30]. Specifically pinpointing which proteins are
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Published 30 May 2025

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

  • Uyen Bao Tran,
  • Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
  • Khai The Truong,
  • Dat Anh Nguyen,
  • Quang Nhat Tran,
  • Huu-Quang Nguyen,
  • Jaebeom Lee and
  • Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

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  • characteristics and morphology of the synthesized adsorbent. Additionally, the study examines the adsorption mechanism of TC on the material’s surface and evaluates the effects of pH value, adsorbent dosage, and matrix composition. As a biodegradable and easily recoverable material derived from natural cellulose
  • involvement of Zn2+ in dissolving CMC. The sharp peak at 568 cm−1 corresponds to a Ca‒O bond [25]. EDX EDX analysis revealed the elemental composition of the PGC material, as detailed in Figure 3a,b. Notably, the detection of elements, particularly Zn, in PGC confirms the role of Zn2+ ions in cellulose
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Published 27 May 2025

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

  • Matteo Amati,
  • Alexey S. Shkvarin,
  • Alexander I. Merentsov,
  • Alexander N. Titov,
  • María Taeño,
  • David Maestre,
  • Sarah R. McKibbin,
  • Zygmunt Milosz,
  • Ana Cremades,
  • Rainer Timm and
  • Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

Graphical Abstract
  • current and future applications. Due to their nature resulting in diffused heterogeneous structures (chemical and electronic composition typically organized in phases or building blocks) characterizing these materials needs state of the art technologies which combine nanometer spatial resolution
  • surfaces. The characterization of the building blocks is of paramount importance to deeply understand their functionalities and mutual interactions when they are part of a nanostructured body. The building blocks may differ in their atomic structure, crystallographic orientation, chemical composition, and
  • charge distribution, to list the most important features. If the building blocks are crystallites, any change in the structure or chemical composition may lead to the formation of incoherent or coherent interfaces among them which may influence the final properties of the material. Often the volumes of
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Published 23 May 2025

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

  • Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
  • Oscar Contreras López,
  • Jesús Antonio Díaz,
  • Agustín Conde Gallardo and
  • Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

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  • using pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This research investigates the influence of varying deposition parameters, including substrate temperature and ambient gas composition, on the structural, morphological, and superconducting properties of the films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction
  • levels. Although the results for samples grown at 70 mTorr pN2 show a near-stoichiometric TaN composition, the presence of significant oxygen (32%) and carbon (4%) impurities suggests a composition closer to TaNO. The optimal stoichiometry for TaN thin films was achieved at a pN2 = 90 mTorr, where the
  • limited oxygen availability and the dominant role of nitrogen flow. The samples in Figure 1c,d present a stoichiometry closer to that of TaN than the smaples in Figure 1a,b; they have an atomic composition of Ta2O5, and the doublet shape is more defined. Table 2 shows the atomic composition of samples
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Published 22 May 2025

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

  • Konstantinos Bidinakis and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

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  • particular, the CPD value of the perovskite layer is influenced by the composition and the doping of the perovskite [15][46]. In Figure 3, the potential profiles plotted for the four devices exhibit features that deviate from the ideal profiles of a p-i-n junction (See Supporting Information File 1, Section
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Published 21 May 2025

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

  • Teissir Ben Ammar,
  • Naji Kharouf,
  • Dominique Vautier,
  • Housseinou Ba,
  • Nivedita Sudheer,
  • Philippe Lavalle and
  • Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

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  • of graphene confers antioxidant properties The arrangement of TA molecules on graphene layers and their antioxidant effects were analyzed through three experimental methods. The concentration of TA in the FLG suspension was measured using UV–vis spectroscopy, surface composition changes from graphite
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Published 20 May 2025

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

  • Mazhar Hussain,
  • Muhammad Farooq,
  • Muhammad Asad Saeed,
  • Muhammad Ijaz,
  • Sherjeel Adnan,
  • Zeeshan Masood,
  • Muhammad Waqas,
  • Wafa Ishaq and
  • Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

Graphical Abstract
  • -loaded formulations.a Composition of drug-loaded of SLNs formulations. Acknowledgements Authors are thankful to faculty of pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan, for providing research facilities. We are thankful to Dr. Zeeshan Masood (co-author) for preparing a graphical abstract with Chemix
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Published 15 May 2025

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

  • Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
  • Lukas D. Cavar,
  • Franjo Weber,
  • Peter G. Reichel,
  • Mara Niebling and
  • Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

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  • importance of dielectric properties becomes even more pronounced. Many advanced materials exhibit nanoscale structural heterogeneity, where quantum confinement, phase composition, and interfacial effects cause significant deviations in dielectric behavior compared to bulk materials [12][13]. These nanoscale
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Published 08 May 2025

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

  • Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
  • Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
  • Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
  • Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
  • Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
  • Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
  • Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
  • Ênio Pereira Telles,
  • Luiz André Santos Silva,
  • Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
  • Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
  • Daniel Alves de Souza,
  • Jileno Ferreira Santos,
  • Felipe José Aidar Martins,
  • Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
  • Sandra Lauton-Santos,
  • Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
  • Cristiane Bani Correa,
  • Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
  • Lysandro Pinto Borges and
  • Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

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  • , the aim of this work is to evaluate the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of EOCF and a ME containing EOCF. Glycemic and lipid parameters, oxidative damage, and tissue injury in diabetic rats were evaluated. Results and Discussion Chemical composition of EOCF The GC-MS analysis results of EOCF are
  • %), corroborating the findings of the present study. However, other minor components were not identified in this study, showing that the composition of the essential oil can change significantly when obtained from different geographical origins. Development of microemulsions considering the pseudoternary phase
  • and one NTS were also obtained. Among the TLS, point 7 (M7-EOCF) was selected for subsequent tests, as it had the lowest amount of surfactants and the highest proportion of water in its composition. Physicochemical characterization of the selected system Some parameters are fundamental for
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Published 07 May 2025
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