Cellulose as a photocatalyst support material: extraction, structural features, and environmental applications

• Yee Teng Lim,
• Nur Farhana Jaafar,
• Azizul Hakim Lahuri and
• Endang Tri Wahyuni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 635–652, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.44

• reduction and doping, which enhance their reactivity and overall performance [86]. Widely used examples include ZnO, TiO2, and iron oxide, which support a broad range of catalytic applications, and researchers have explored several production methods for these nanoparticles, with the sol–gel process relying

Two-step laser synthesis of Ag@TiO₂ nanomaterials for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B

• Marija Kovačević,
• Miloš Tošić,
• Rafaela Radičić,
• Vladimir Rajić,
• Nikša Krstulović,
• Miloš Momčilović and
• Sanja Živković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 622–634, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.43

• a state of initial instability. Influence of Ag on the bandgap energy of TiO2 UV–vis spectroscopy was employed to investigate the effect of Ag doping on TiO2 and to determine the bandgaps of both TiO2 and Ag@TiO2 samples. Figure 7a displays the absorption spectra of TiO2 and Ag-modified TiO2 samples

• facilitate improved separation of photogenerated charge carriers and extend light absorption toward the visible region, which together contribute to the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Ag@TiO2 compared to bare TiO2. Liza et al. [27] showed that TiO2 doping with a transition metal such as Ag may result

Recent progress in enhancing built-in electric fields of perovskite solar cells via junction engineering

• Tong Xiao and
• Ke Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 602–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.42

• controlled doping and orientation modulation, thereby suppressing nonradiative recombination and improving carrier extraction. Gradient junctions introduce continuous compositional or bandgap tilts across the film thickness, enabling depth-extended electric fields and improved spatial continuity of charge

• groundwork for the present review. Homojunctions focus on constructing continuous band bending and Fermi level gradients within the same material system using methods such as doping, surface reconstruction, or orientation induction, thereby smoothly extending the BEF from the interface into the bulk. Their

• challenges and future directions in this field. Review Homojunctions In perovskites, homojunctions are electrically non-uniform regions created by controlled doping, targeted chemical modification, or process optimization, which induce band bending and generate localized BEFs throughout the bulk of the film

Synthesis of Cu–Mo/TiO₂ and Co–Mo/TiO₂ photocatalysts for the efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water

• Ilse Acosta,
• Brenda Zermeño,
• Edgar Moctezuma,
• Luis F. Garay-Rodríguez and
• Isaías Juárez-Ramírez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 559–570, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.37

• the complete degradation of ketoprofen and 90% of mineralization. It was determined that HO· radicals play an important role in the oxidation reactions. Keywords: co-doping; photocatalysis; titanium dioxide; water remediation; Introduction Water is an essential part of every living entity

• developed to overcome these limitations, including doping, noble-metal deposition, heterogeneous structures, and surface sensitization. Doping is a widely employed method to generate impurity states in the forbidden region or to reduce the effective bandgap. Doping TiO2 with transition metal ions can adjust

• new bands generated by doping can be passivated, and they will not act as charge recombination centers if the semiconductor oxide is co-doped with two different elements [5]. TiO2 co-doping can be achieved by incorporating combinations of metal/metal, non-metal/metal, and non-metal/non-metal dopants

Upcycling agroindustrial waste into graphene oxide supports for gold nanoparticles: toward sustainable nanomaterials

• Juan Marcos Castro-Tapia,
• Selene Acosta,
• Hiram Joazet Ojeda-Galván,
• Elsie Evelyn Araujo-Palomo,
• Edgar Giovanni Villabona-Leal and
• Mildred Quintana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 489–504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.32

• , rGO and Agro-GO present a blueshift in the G band. This may be related to phonon stiffening caused by lattice strain and p-type doping; in rGO, this arises from reduction-induced defect restructuring, while, in Agro-GO, it originates from extensive oxidation and the strong confinement of small sp2

Defects and defect-mediated engineering of two-dimensional materials: challenges and open questions

• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov,
• Matthias Batzill,
• Anouar-Akacha Delenda,
• Marija Drndić,
• Chris Ewels,
• Katharina J. Franke,
• Mahdi Ghorbani-Asl,
• Alexander Holleitner,
• Ado Jorio,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Daria Kieczka,
• Hannu-Pekka Komsa,
• Jani Kotakoski,
• Manuel Längle,
• David Lamprecht,
• Yun Liu,
• Steven G. Louie,
• Janina Maultzsch,
• Thomas Michely,
• Katherine Milton,
• Anna Niggas,
• Hanako Okuno,
• Joshua A. Robinson,
• Marika Schleberger,
• Bruno Schuler,
• Alexander Shluger,
• Kazu Suenaga,
• Kristian S. Thygesen,
• Richard A. Wilhelm,
• E. Harriet Åhlgren and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 454–488, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.31

• the context of doping or single-photon quantum emitters [4][5]. Moreover, irradiation of 2D materials with energetic particles, that is, ions and electrons, has been demonstrated to be a suitable approach for tailoring their properties through the controllable creation of defects and the introduction

• -active modes of the host material regarding peak position, lineshape, and the relative intensities of peaks. The position and relative intensities are affected by strain and doping induced by defects. In addition, relaxation of the translation symmetry leads to activation of modes that would otherwise be

• among defects as several defects can yield similar strain, doping, or mode activation. In principle, defects might be separated by comparing the effects on all observed peaks [94]. Unfortunately, many common 2D materials only show a few Raman-active peaks under non-resonant conditions; this problem can

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• ethanol treatment yielded excellent results, enhancing the efficiency of the CNS in absorbing RF signals and serving as a signal receptor. We explained the observed improvement by the structural modifications in the CNT assembly induced by ethanol. Compared with other doping strategies or external field

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• – such as surface functionalization, doping strategies, or substituting alternative compounds – are implemented prior to commercialization. Overall, the synergy between predictive toxicology and SSbD underscores a forward-looking commitment to responsible, sustainable nanotechnology, as these

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• a composite lithium cobalt oxide electrode [55]. Furthermore, the introduction of defects as a result of iodine doping reported by Li et al. resulted in improved sodium ion storage and electron transport [56]. The carbon lattice in rGO flakes provides electrical conductivity, while defects and

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• is TiO2, which is known for being stable, effective, and able to produce ROS when exposed to UV light [43]. The effectiveness of TiO2 has been improved recently by doping it with nonmetals like sulfur and nitrogen or combining it with carbon-based compounds like graphene. According to Xiao et al

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• perpendicular to the layers in the stacking direction. We compared the decay of the current with the number of layers and evaluated the ability of h-BN to filter currents as a material coating. To investigate the effect of disorder, we included two major defects in the graphene lattice, namely, nitrogen doping

• and Stone–Wales defects. Nitrogen doping transforms graphene from a zero-bandgap semiconductor to a metal, while Stone–Wales defects open the bandgap. For h-BN, we considered Stone–Wales defects. A detailed comparison of electron transport through five materials, that is, multilayer nanoscale graphene

• band structure are calculated. The graphitic nitrogen doping is performed for a 4 × 4 × 1 supercell with one nitrogen atom substituting one carbon atom per layer. Figure 1 shows the unit cell of graphite, the DOS of graphite, the band structure of graphite, the unit cell of h-BN, the DOS of h-BN, the

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• /Al-LDHs. The crystal structure of LDHs is fairly flexible, enabling adjustment of their cationic composition. One widely used method for preparing LDH-based catalysts is cation doping further increasing their catalytic activity. A cobalt-doped Zn/Al-LDH (ZnCo/Al-LDH) piezoelectric catalyst was used

• ? In one case, doping a binary LDH with third cation improved its electroactive performance. Which dopants would be most efficient for improving piezoelectric properties? Will new unexpected results emerge from multication LDHs? Only by addressing abovementioned points and questions can this field move

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• silicon, while amorphous silicon exhibits the highest degradation rate among them [45]. Interestingly, doping can lead to a retardation of degradation [42], resembling the etch-stop phenomenon in the potassium hydroxide process. This newfound understanding of biodegradability of electronic-grade silicon

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• XPS spectra of SLG/α-Al2O3(0001) is shifted to the lower binding energies by 1.0 eV compared with that of graphite (284.4 eV) [23]. This is due to p-type doping of SLG associated with a strong electrostatic interaction between SLG and the α-Al2O3(0001) at the interface [18]. In SLGO, on the other hand

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• aforementioned example. It is also anticipated that soft materials nanoarchitectonics using polymers will be applied in other fields, including the control of the functions of polymer semiconductors. The process of chemical doping of molecular semiconductors is based on electron transfer reactions between the

• between benzoquinone and hydroquinone is precisely controlled by pH, in accordance with the Nernst equation. In order to compensate for the charge carriers in the semiconductor, dopant ions must be supplied through the redox reaction. The efficient doping of polymeric organic semiconductor thin films is

• achieved through the synergistic reaction of the proton coupling electron transfer reaction and the insertion of hydrophobic ions. This process has enabled the efficient doping of crystalline organic semiconductor thin films at room temperature. By examining the conditions, it is possible to achieve strong

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• 23 keV co-implanted (H+ and N+ ions) ZnO films. But in these two above-quoted reports nitrogen ions were used for implantation. Nitrogen ions act as n-type doping and can alter the stoichiometry of ZnO films, which is not desirable in certain optoelectronic devices [10][11]. Hence, we have used Ar

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• -MoS2 are retained, but their positions shift toward higher energies as compared to the spectra of the initial samples. The shift value of the Mo 3d and S 2p components of 2H-MoS2 increases with the deposited sodium concentration because of increased charge doping. The intensity of Mo 3d and S 2p

• between the MoS2 layers leads to a 2H–1T′ transition and electron charge doping from sodium. The Na/Mo ratio decreases after annealing of the sodiated MoS2 film because of the partial removal of sodium, primarily from the film surface. After annealing, the sodiated MoS2 film still contains a high

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• modification, doping strategies, and material synthesis have been shown to effectively tune the phase transition characteristics, such as the temperature, coercivity (Hc), magnetization, and Curie or Néel temperatures [7][8][9]. For instance Zhou et al. [10] reported that adjusting the composition of NiMnGa to

• (which partly substitutes Mn atoms) and Ge or Al (which partially replaces Si atoms) [24] (forming CCAs), it effectively lowers the structural and magnetic phase transition temperatures while maintaining the overall magnetization. Previous studies on bulk MnFeNiGeSi [25] (i.e., doping MnNiSi with Fe and

• Ge) and MnFeNiSiAl [24] (i.e., doping NiMnSi with Fe and Al) alloys, synthesized by arc melting of pure elements show a second-order magnetostructural phase transition between 170 and 220 K with an isothermal entropy change of −7.3 J·kg−1·K−1 at 2.5 T and a first-order magnetostructural phase

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• another study, the optoelectronic properties of FeS2 films in the visible light spectral region were made by doping and undoping Zn onto electrodeposited pyrite films. The Zn-doped samples exhibited a 9.2-fold increase in responsivity. The best Zn-doped condition showed a responsivity and detectivity of

• 0.206 A·W–1 and 3.3 × 109 Jones, respectively, while a detectivity of 1.98 × 109 Jones was reported for undoped samples, which are analogous to the values obatined in present study. This results also suggests a future possibility of doping the films prepared using laser ablated nanocolloids for refining

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• . employed Monte Carlo methods to observe ferromagnetic behavior in monolayers below 66 K and proposed that hole doping could further enhance the Curie temperature [21]. Similarly, another Monte Carlo study found that the transition temperature for monolayer CrCl3 is 49 K, proposing that the Curie

• electronic properties of a material. Neal et al. [34] reported the effect of chemisorption of oxygen as a kind of p-type doping, which shows consistency with our results. We expect the surface potential to show the same behavior depending on the chemical composition found by spatially resolved photoemission

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• footprint allows for the combination of different materials with dislocation-free interfaces and to form axial or radial heterostructures of varying material, doping, or crystal phase [17][18][19]. Nanowire heterostructures based on III–V semiconductors are especially promising for electronic

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• devices are the small molecule 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and the polymer poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA). In this work, we investigate the impact of hole transport layer doping on the performance and potential distribution

• ; hole transport layer doping; Kelvin probe force microscopy; perovskite solar cells; Introduction Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are a promising class of photovoltaic material that exhibits high power conversion efficiencies and relies on a low-cost solution-processed fabrication method [1][2][3][4]. At

• adjacent perovskite. There have been many studies trying to address these points and advance PSC performance through HTL optimization, with conventional approaches mainly focusing on the doping strategies applied to these two materials [26][27][28][29]. The organic semiconductors spiro-OMeTAD and PTAA are