Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• as antioxidant activity through reactions with free radicals or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibition of lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. These mechanisms contribute to reduced oxidative stress and enhanced wound-healing processes [17]. Consequently, curcumin is currently under investigation

Biomimetic nanoparticles in cancer photodynamic therapy: a review of targeted delivery systems and therapeutic outcomes

• Valentina I. Gorbacheva,
• Alexey S. Grabovoy,
• Polina S. Marukhina,
• Anastasiia O. Syrocheva and
• Ekaterina P. Kolesova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 396–422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.27

Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanoparticles act against viruses involves the interaction with the surface of the NPs, leading to adhesion and inactivation, thereby preventing the virion from entering the host cell. NPs release ions or transfer them to microorganisms, inducing oxidative stress. Given these possible mechanisms, viral

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• they induce oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and inflammation [8][9]. This has raised concerns regarding their use in clinical applications, leading researchers to develop alternative, non-toxic substitutes for Co-based nanoparticles. In this context, manganese ferrite (MnFe2O4) has been identified

• high SAR values, cobalt-containing nanoparticles are not suitable for biomedical applications due to the well-known cytotoxicity of cobalt ions. Studies have shown that cobalt ions released from nanoparticles can induce oxidative stress, inflammation, and cellular damage, which limits their use in

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• -altitude lakes, where particles accumulate in the gut and gill tissues and interfere with normal physiological functions [113]. The low molecular weight of MPs, and particularly nanoparticles (NPs), allows them to easily translocate into organs and tissues resulting in inflammation, oxidative stress, and

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• novel antimicrobial agents. Nanoparticle therapy is emerging as a prominent avenue toward that end [8]. Free radicals represent an important focus in pharmacological research. The severity of oxidative stress, defined as the imbalance between the formation of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS

• ) and the activity of the organism’s antioxidative defense systems, is associated with various pathologies such as cancer, aging, and cardiovascular diseases [9]. Some anti-pathological responses of nanoparticles are mediated through increased production of ROS and induction of oxidative stress. This

• nanoparticles [44][45]. Cell inhibition in cell lines can be attributed to intracellular accumulation of nanoparticles leading to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and necrosis [46]. The findings of this investigation demonstrate that NCs exhibit a substantially lower inhibitory effect on healthy cell lines

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• the purity of the NMs and remove any impurities before their use, such as CCFs [43]. Studies have shown that CCFs can induce oxidative stress and inflammation in cells, potentially leading to cellular damage and toxicity [44]. The potential toxicity of CCFs is a concern in the field of CNM research

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• water, affecting microbial communities and bioaccumulating in food chains, as shown in the study by Yang and colleagues [110]. Carbon-based nanomaterials, like GO, have the potential to react with biological systems, causing oxidative stress in aquatic organisms by generating reactive oxygen species

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• depolarization, consequently leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress in promastigotes. It is noteworthy that Leishmania, like other trypanosomatids, possesses a single mitochondrion, which is responsible for multiple essential metabolic processes and is crucial for

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• cell cycle arrest, regulate oxidative stress, enhance metabolic reprogramming, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and modulate immunity and inflammation [129]. The developed nanoparticles underwent physicochemical characterization by SEM, UV–vis spectroscopy, and encapsulation testing, in which the

• effects, which could contribute to cancer prevention and treatment [135]. In cancer therapy, PCs show potential for inhibiting cancer cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, modulating oxidative stress, suppressing angiogenesis, and interfering with signaling pathways involved in tumor progression [136

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• oxidative stress, histological damage in vital organs, and overall impaired fish health, highlighting their toxic impact on aquatic ecosystems. NPs and MPs negatively impact marine organisms, but their toxicity toward marine bacteria remain less understood. In a study performed by Sun et al. [49], it was

• found that polystyrene NPs, more than MPs, inhibited the growth of Halomonas alkaliphila, disrupted ammonia conversion, and induced oxidative stress. These findings highlight the effect of plastic debris on marine microbial functions, potentially disrupting nitrogen cycles and ecological balance. When

• barrier, while MPs of 20 μm can reach internal organs. Exposure occurs through inhalation, posing risks to adults, while children face dangers from MPs in contaminated drinking water. Once inside the body, MPs can trigger neurotoxicity, cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, immune response, metabolic disruption

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• consequently affecting fruit and seed formation [51]. This effect is primarily due to oxidative stress and cellular damage in plant roots, which diminishes water and nutrient absorption [52]. MPs disrupt root–soil hydrocarbon exchange pathways and hinder photosynthesis. Furthermore, they impair metabolic

• interacting with plants, activating genes associated with oxidative stress resistance, enhancing soil properties and promoting the growth of beneficial microorganisms, enzyme activity, and ARGs. Through these mechanisms, BC contributes to restoring microbial equilibrium, regulating enzymatic functions and

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , and cell oxidative stress [10]. Another important class of biosensors relies on metal nanoparticles, as metals have long served as some of the earliest and most widely utilized materials in biosensor development. Like CNTs, nanoscale metal particles benefit from their small size and high surface-to

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• cell membranes. Following membrane degradation, copper-released ions penetrate into the bacterial cell causing oxidative stress by production of ROS and subsequent degradation of the DNA [114][115]. Recent research has focused on the antibacterial properties of copper complexes derived from quinolones

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• lysosome failure, Golgi stress-associated lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress associated with the endoplasmic reticulum [23]. Ferroptosis immediately alters the phenotype and function of immune cells [26]. The intricate relationship between lipid metabolism, cysteine, and iron has been recognized as a

• of ferroptosis. The role of iron metabolism is characterized by the generation of ROS and oxidative stress conditions, while the peroxidation of lipids under these oxidative conditions causes intracellular damage that leads the cell into programmed death by ferroptosis [31][32]. Despite the

• of ferroptosis by dissipating cysteine [36][60][79]. Considering the role of the transcription factor Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-related Factor 2 (NRF2) in the transcription of genes involved in redox reactions and managing oxidative stress, this factor can be considered an attenuator of ferroptosis

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• Clitoria fairchildiana seeds with larvicidal activity against third-instar Ae. aegypti larvae. These studies revealed morphological and metabolic changes in the larvae, suggesting that V-ATPase inhibition triggers oxidative stress, resulting in high production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the midgut

• important to highlight that this tissue melanization observed in the larval midgut aligns with our previous findings, which reported the appearance of dark spots along the larval body associated with oxidative stress induced by in natura rotenoids [14]. In that study, the purified rotenoids triggered

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• nanoarchitectonics also makes a contribution to the field of medicine. For instance, patients with diabetic bone defects require novel and efficacious medical implant material strategies to enhance their prognosis. It is imperative to minimize the risk of implant failure due to excessive oxidative stress and the

• material was observed to eliminate excessive oxidative stress, promote the growth of H2O2-injured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and facilitate the secretion of endothelial growth factor, which is essential for angiogenesis. The subcutaneous implant model in diabetic rats and the bone tissue

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• , particularly antioxidant effects [16][17][18]. Bioactive antioxidants reduce oxidative stress by inhibiting unstable oxygen radicals [17]. Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage cellular components because of an imbalance in the normal redox state of cells [17][19]. ROS, which

• reactions, leading to oxidative stress [17]. Studies have shown that TA exhibits significant antioxidant properties by suppressing hydroxyl radical formation and neutralizing both superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide. However, its antioxidant efficacy is concentration-dependent. While it shows

• viability observed at 48 h may be related to changes in the stability of TA molecules within the culture medium, potentially resulting in dissociation of TA from FLG particles. The subsequent presence of unbound TA molecules may induce oxidative stress responses and compromise cellular viability

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• study, room temperature was used, which may also explain why the antioxidant action was maintained. EOCF, on E. coli and S. Aureus bacteria, showed antioxidant activity and control in pathogenic species resistant to oxidative stress. The authors also emphasized that EOCF acted as a potent attenuator of

• oxidative stress in in vivo models, as it has indirect antioxidants such as terpenes and terpenoids [36]. In another study using nanostructured systems containing lemongrass of the species C. citratus, improvements in the stability and high antioxidant content of the EO were demonstrated [37]. Evaluation of

• suggest attenuation of hepatic injury and systemic inflammation, which are commonly exacerbated in diabetic states. These effects may be attributed to the modulation of oxidative stress pathways, particularly through the scavenging of free radicals and the upregulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes

Nanomaterials in targeting amyloid-β oligomers: current advances and future directions for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and therapy

• Shiwani Randhawa,
• Trilok Chand Saini,
• Manik Bathla,
• Rahul Bhardwaj,
• Rubina Dhiman and
• Amitabha Acharya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 561–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.44

• in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species, contributing to oxidative stress within the cell [16]. The increase in cytosolic Ca2+ also promotes the phosphorylation of ATP proteins, which, in turn, leads to the enhanced production of Aβ42 and AβOs, creating a

• Bcl-2-associated death promoter (BAD). This process, coupled with oxidative stress pathways originating from mitochondrial dysfunction, facilitates the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria. This release is a key event that promotes caspase activation, initiating pro-apoptotic signaling that

Graphene oxide–chloroquine conjugate induces DNA damage in A549 lung cancer cells through autophagy modulation

• Braham Dutt Arya,
• Sandeep Mittal,
• Prachi Joshi,
• Alok Kumar Pandey,
• Jaime E. Ramirez-Vick,
• Govind Gupta and
• Surinder P. Singh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 316–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.24

• oxidative stress and autophagy modulation [14]. Graphene oxide (GO) due to its unique physicochemical properties has attracted vast scientific attention as an efficient drug delivery carrier and modulator of biological activities, including autophagy, DDR, and intracellular transportation of therapeutics